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Mei RF, Su J, Hu GX, Yang RD, He BJ, Shi YX, Cai L, Ding ZT. Accumulation of antitumor polyketides by fermentation of Rubus delavayi Franch. with Clonostachys rogersoniana. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105917. [PMID: 38508501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites. Six polyketide glycosides including a new metabolite, rogerson F, and two potential antitumor compounds, TMC-151C and TMC-151D, were isolated from the extract of R. delavayi fermented by C. rogersoniana. In addition, 13C labeling experiments were used to trace the biosynthesis process of these compounds. TMC-151C and TMC-151D showed significant cytotoxic activity against PANC-1, K562 and HCT116 cancer cells but had no obvious cytotoxic activity against BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells. The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 g/kg and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg, respectively, after fermentation at 28 °C for 30 days. This is the first study to confirm that herbal medicine can induce microbes to metabolize active compounds. And the technology of fermenting medicinal materials can bring more economic value to medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Mei
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jia Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Guo-Xian Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rui-Dang Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Bi-Jian He
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ya-Xian Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation key laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Wang L, Kiffe-Delf AL, Ostermann PN, Simons VE, He D, Gao Y, van Geelen L, Dai HF, Zhao YX, Schaal H, Mándi A, Király SB, Kurtán T, Liu Z, Kalscheuer R. Asperphenalenones Isolated from the Biocontrol Agent Clonostachys rosea and Their Antimicrobial Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37436951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a fungus widely distributed on Earth and has a high capacity to adapt to complex environments in soil, plants, or sea. It is an endophyte that can be used as a potential biocontrol agent to protect plants from pathogenic fungi, nematodes, and insects. However, the spectrum of secondary metabolites produced by C. rosea has only scarcely been studied. In the present study, eight new phenalenones, asperphenalenones F-M (1-8), together with two known derivatives, asperphenalenones E and B (9 and 10), were isolated from the axenic rice culture of this fungus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Asperphenalenones J-M (5-8) are unusual phenalenone adducts that are conjugated to diterpenoid glycosides. Asperphenalenones F and H showed moderate antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μM, respectively. Asperphenalenone B exhibited low antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus replication. Furthermore, asperphenalenones F and H exhibited low cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells, while all other compounds were devoid of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna-Lene Kiffe-Delf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktor Emanuel Simons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Di He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lasse van Geelen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Xing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Balázs Király
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hussain H, Ali I, Elizbit, Hussain W, Mamadalieva NZ, Hussain A, Ali M, Ahmed I, Ullah I, Green IR. Synthetic Studies towards Fungal glycosides: An Overview. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201105160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungi have provided intriguing chemical diversity and have additionally proven to
be a tremendous source for a great variety of therapeutic molecules. Various fungal glycosides
have been reported from fungi and the majority of these metabolites possess cytotoxic and
antimicrobial effects. Although natural products are obtained in most cases in small amounts
from the specific natural source, total syntheses of these valuable commodities remain one of
the most important ways of obtaining them on a large scale for more detailed and comprehensive
biological studies. In addition, the total synthesis of secondary metabolites is a useful
tool, not only for the disclosure of novel complex pharmacologically active molecules but also
for the establishment of cutting-edge methodologies in synthetic chemistry. Numerous fungal
glycosides have been synthesized in the last four decades regarding the following natural
product classes viz., tetramic acid glycosides (epicoccamides A and D), polyketide glycosides (TMC-151C), 2-pyrone
glycosides (epipyrone A), diterpene glycosides (sordarin), depside glycosides (CRM646-A and –B, KS-501 and KS-
502), caloporosides (caloporoside A), glycolipids (emmyguyacins A and B, acremomannolipin A), and cerebrosides
(cerebroside B, Asperamide B, phalluside-1, Sch II). The current literature review about fungal glycoside synthetic
studies is, therefore, of interest for a wide range of scientists and researchers in the field of organic, natural product,
and medicinal chemists as it outlines key strategies of fungal glycosides and, in particular, glycosylation, the known
biological and pharmacological effects of these natural compounds have afforded a new dimension of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong Province (250014), China
| | - Elizbit
- Department Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wahid Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Post Graduate College Parachinar, District Kurram, Pakistan
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Maroof Ali
- College of life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Han P, Zhang X, Xu D, Zhang B, Lai D, Zhou L. Metabolites from Clonostachys Fungi and Their Biological Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E229. [PMID: 33081356 PMCID: PMC7712584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys (teleomorph: Bionectria) fungi are well known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activities to show their pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Up to now, at least 229 secondary metabolites, mainly including 84 nitrogen-containing metabolites, 85 polyketides, 40 terpenoids, and 20 other metabolites, have been reported. Many of these compounds exhibit biological activities, such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, antimalarial activities. This mini-review aims to summarize the diversity of the secondary metabolites as well as their occurrences in Clonostachys fungi and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.H.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (B.Z.); (D.L.)
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Demissie ZA, Witte T, Robinson KA, Sproule A, Foote SJ, Johnston A, Harris LJ, Overy DP, Loewen MC. Transcriptomic and Exometabolomic Profiling Reveals Antagonistic and Defensive Modes of Clonostachys rosea Action Against Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:842-858. [PMID: 32116115 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-19-0310-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mycoparasite Clonostachys rosea ACM941 is under development as a biocontrol organism against Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight in cereals. To identify molecular factors associated with this interaction, the transcriptomic and exometabolomic profiles of C. rosea and F. graminearum GZ3639 were compared during coculture. Prior to physical contact, the antagonistic activity of C. rosea correlated with a response heavily dominated by upregulation of polyketide synthase gene clusters, consistent with the detected accumulation of corresponding secondary metabolite products. Similarly, prior to contact, trichothecene gene clusters were upregulated in F. graminearum, while those responsible for fusarielin and fusarin biosynthesis were downregulated, correlating with an accumulation of trichothecene products in the interaction zone over time. A concomitant increase in 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in the interaction zone was also detected, with C. rosea established as the source of this detoxified mycotoxin. After hyphal contact, C. rosea was found to predominantly transcribe genes encoding cell wall-degradation enzymes, major facilitator superfamily sugar transporters, anion:cation symporters, as well as alternative carbon source utilization pathways, together indicative of a transition to necrotropism at this stage. F. graminearum notably activated the transcription of phosphate starvation pathway signature genes at this time. Overall, a number of signature molecular mechanisms likely contributing to antagonistic activity by C. rosea against F. graminearum, as well as its mycotoxin tolerance, are identified in this report, yielding several new testable hypotheses toward understanding the basis of C. rosea as a biocontrol agent for continued agronomic development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun A Demissie
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Witte
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly A Robinson
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Foote
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Johnston
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda J Harris
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Fatema U, Broberg A, Jensen DF, Karlsson M, Dubey M. Functional analysis of polyketide synthase genes in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15009. [PMID: 30301915 PMCID: PMC6177402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus used for biological control of plant diseases. Its genome contains 31 genes putatively encoding for polyketide synthases (PKSs), 75% of which are arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters. Gene expression analysis during C. rosea interactions with the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum showed common and species-specific induction of PKS genes. Our data showed a culture media dependent correlation between PKS gene expression and degree of antagonism in C. rosea. The pks22 and pks29 genes were highly induced during fungal-fungal interactions but not during pigmentation, and gene deletion studies revealed that PKS29 was required for full antagonism against B. cinerea, and for biocontrol of fusarium foot rot on barley. Metabolite analysis revealed that Δpks29 strains has a 50% reduced production (P = 0.001) of an unknown polyketide with molecular formula C15H28O3, while Δpks22 strains lost the ability to produce four previously unknown polyketides named Clonorosein A-D. Clonorosein A and B were purified, their structures determined, and showed strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. graminearum. These results show that PKS22 is required for production of antifungal polyketide Clonorosein A-D, and demonstrate the role of PKS29 in antagonism and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Fatema
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 412 Plant Science Building 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Demissie ZA, Foote SJ, Tan Y, Loewen MC. Profiling of the Transcriptomic Responses of Clonostachys rosea Upon Treatment With Fusarium graminearum Secretome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1061. [PMID: 29930539 PMCID: PMC5999785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 is a fungal bio-control agent patented against the causative agent of Fusarium Head Blight, Fusarium graminearum. Although the molecular details remain enigmatic, previous studies have suggested that C. rosea may secrete F. graminearum growth inhibitors. Further toward this, experiments described herein show that induction of C. rosea cultures by the addition of an aliquot of F. graminearum(Fg)-spent media (including macroconidia), yield C. rosea (Cr)-spent media that elicited higher anti-F. graminearum activity than either control or deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced Cr-spent media. To gain additional insight into the genetic and metabolic factors modulating this interaction, transcriptomic (RNAseq) profiles of C. rosea in response to DON and Fg-spent media treatment, were developed. This analysis revealed 24,112 C. rosea unigenes, of which 5,605 and 6,285 were differentially regulated by DON and F-spent media, respectively. More than half of these unigenes were up-regulated, with annotations, most notably in the Fg-spent media treatment data, suggesting enhancement of polyketide (PK) and non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) secondary metabolite precursor synthesis, and PK/NRP-like synthases. Four ABC transporters were also up-regulated in response to Fg-spent media. Further analysis showed that the PK and NRP-like synthases belong to three gene clusters that also include ABC transporters, and other genes known to tailor secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The RNAseq data was further validated using quantitative RT-qPCR. Taken together, these results show that C. rosea responds to the presence of Fg-spent media (and to a lesser extent, DON-alone) by up-regulating unique aspects of its secondary metabolism-related genetic repertoire. The identities and roles of C. rosea secondary metabolites produced by the targeted gene clusters are now under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun A. Demissie
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J. Foote
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yifang Tan
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michele C. Loewen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Mycoparasitism is a lifestyle where one fungus establishes parasitic interactions with other fungi. Species of the genus Trichoderma together with Clonostachys rosea are among the most studied fungal mycoparasites. They have wide host ranges comprising several plant pathogens and are used for biological control of plant diseases. Trichoderma as well as C. rosea mycoparasites efficiently overgrow and kill their fungal prey by using infection structures and by applying lytic enzymes and toxic metabolites. Most of our knowledge on the putative signals and signaling pathways involved in prey recognition and activation of the mycoparasitic response is derived from studies with Trichoderma. These fungi rely on G-protein signaling, the cAMP pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades during growth and development as well as during mycoparasitism. The signals being recognized by the mycoparasite may include surface molecules and surface properties as well as secondary metabolites and other small molecules released from the prey. Their exact nature, however, remains elusive so far. Recent genomics-based studies of mycoparasitic fungi of the order Hypocreales, i.e., Trichoderma species, C. rosea, Tolypocladium ophioglossoides, and Escovopsis weberi, revealed not only several gene families with a mycoparasitism-related expansion of gene paralogue numbers, but also distinct differences between the different mycoparasites. We use this information to illustrate the biological principles and molecular basis of necrotrophic mycoparasitism and compare the mycoparasitic strategies of Trichoderma as a "model" mycoparasite with the behavior and special features of C. rosea, T. ophioglossoides, and E. weberi.
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Matsui R, Seto K, Sato Y, Suzuki T, Nakazaki A, Kobayashi S. Convergent Total Synthesis of (+)-TMC-151C by a Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:680-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsui R, Seto K, Sato Y, Suzuki T, Nakazaki A, Kobayashi S. Convergent Total Synthesis of (+)-TMC-151C by a Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bertinetti BV, Rodriguez MA, Godeas AM, Cabrera GM. 1H,1′H-[3,3′]biindolyl from the terrestrial fungus Gliocladium catenulatum. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:681-3. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed (2009 update). EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Competitiveness of a Genetically Engineered Strain of Trichoderma virens. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:51-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Masuma R, Kim YP, Uchida R, Tomoda H, Omura S. Taxonomy and secondary metabolites of Pseudobotrytis sp. FKA-25. MYCOSCIENCE 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-003-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Materials for the fungus flora of Japan (56) Mariannaea camptospora and M. elegans var. punicea from Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02463957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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