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Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Quaresma MAG, Kilminster T, Scanlon T, Oldham C, Milton J, Greeff J, Almeida AM. Does the fat tailed Damara ovine breed have a distinct lipid metabolism leading to a high concentration of branched chain fatty acids in tissues? PLoS One 2013; 8:e77313. [PMID: 24204803 PMCID: PMC3800059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat tailed sheep breeds are known for their adaptation to nutritional stress, among other harsh production conditions. Damara sheep, native to Southern Africa, have recently been exported to other areas of the world, particularly Australia, aiming to produce lamb in semi-arid regions. Damaras have a unique hanging fat tail, a fat depot able to be mobilized under nutritional stress. In this article we perform an in-depth characterization of the fatty acid profiles of the fat tail in underfed and control Damara rams. Profiles were very similar between experimental groups, with the exception of palmitic acid (16:0) that was lower (P = 0.014) in underfed animals. However, the most striking result was the very high proportions of non-terminal branched chain fatty acids found in the fat tail adipose tissue, as well as the gastrocnemius muscle of Damara rams. The muscle of Dorper and Merino rams used in the same experiment did not present non-terminal branched chain fatty acids, suggesting that Damara rams have a unique lipid metabolism. Herein, we interpret this trait relating it to a higher ability of Damara sheep to digest fibrous fodder and to putative differences in the propionate metabolism by comparison to other sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P. Alves
- CIISA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária/UTL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária/UTL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário A. G. Quaresma
- CIISA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária/UTL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tanya Kilminster
- DAFWA – Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Scanlon
- DAFWA – Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chris Oldham
- DAFWA – Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Milton
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, UWA – University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johan Greeff
- DAFWA – Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - André M. Almeida
- CIISA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária/UTL, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biotrop, IICT – Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
- IBET – Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- BCV, ITQB/UNL – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Fuchs MEA, Franke S, Francke W. Carbonsäuren im Kot von Blattella germanica (L.) und ihre mögliche Rolle als Teil des Aggregationspheromons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1985.tb02017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santercole V, Mazzette R, De Santis EPL, Banni S, Goonewardene L, Kramer JKG. Total Lipids of Sarda Sheep Meat that Include the Fatty Acid and Alkenyl Composition and the CLA and Trans-18:1 Isomers. Lipids 2007; 42:361-82. [PMID: 17406931 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-3003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The total lipids of the longissimus dorsi muscle were analyzed from commercial adult Sarda sheep in Sardina taken from local abattoirs, and in the subsequent year from three local farms in the Sassari region that provided some information on the amount and type of supplements fed to the pasture-fed sheep. The complete lipid analysis of sheep meat included the fatty acids from O-acyl and N-acyl lipids, including the trans- and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and the alk-1-enyl ethers from the plasmalogenic lipids. This analysis required the use of a combination of acid- and base-catalyzed methylation procedures, the former to quantitate the O-acyl, N-acyl and alkenyl ethers, and the latter to determine the content of CLA isomers and their metabolites. A combination of gas chromatographic and silver-ion separation techniques was necessary to quantitate all of the meat lipid constituents, which included a prior separation of the trans-octadecenoic acids (18:1) and a separation of fatty acid methyl esters and the dimethylacetals (DMAs) from the acyl and alk-1-enyl ethers, respectively. The alk-1-enyl moieties of the DMAs were analyzed as their stable cyclic acetals. In general, about half of the meat lipids were triacylglycerols, even though excess fat was trimmed from the meat. The higher fat content in the meat appears to be related to the older age of these animals. The variation in the trans-18:1 and CLA isomer profiles of the Sarda sheep obtained from the abattoirs was much greater than in the profiles from the sheep from the three selected farms. Higher levels of 10t-18:1, 7t9c-18:2, 9t11c-18:2 and 10t12c-18:2 were observed in the commercial sheep meat, which reflected the poorer quality diets of these sheep compared to those from the three farms, which consistently showed higher levels of 11t-18:1, 9c11t-18:2 and 11t13c-18:2. In the second study, sheep were provided with supplements during the spring and summer grazing season, which contributed to higher levels of 11t-18:1 and 9c11t-18:2. The farm that provided a small amount of supplements during the spring had the better lipid profile at both time periods. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was higher in the meat from Sarda sheep from the three farms than in the meat from those sheep obtained from commercial slaughter operations. The plasmalogenic lipid content ranged from 2 to 3% of total lipids, the alk-1-enyl ethers consisted mainly of saturated and monounsaturated moieties, and the trans-18:1 profile was similar to that of the FA. The n-6 (6-8%) and n-3 PUFA (2-3%) contents, the n-6/n-3 ratio (3:1), as well as the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (42-45%) and the SFA to PUFA ratio (4:1 to 5:1) of the Sarda sheep from the three farms were comparable to sheep meat lipids found in similar commercial operations in Europe. Inclusion of small amounts of supplements for the grazing Sarda sheep resulted in improved quality of sheep meat lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Santercole
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Tsydendambaev VD, Christie WW, Brechany EY, Vereshchagin AG. Identification of unusual fatty acids of four alpine plant species from the Pamirs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2695-2703. [PMID: 15464157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition and structure in total lipids from the green above-ground parts of four alpine plants, Oxygraphis glacialis, Primula macrophylla, Rhodiola pamiroalaica, and Swertia marginata, were established by GC and GC-MS. A total of 55 fatty acids was detected, and 48 of them were identified. Ubiquitous palmitate, linoleate, and linolenate predominated in the lipids accounting for about 72-90% of the total fatty acids. At the same time, the latter contained numerous species, which were unusual for higher plants and included saturated odd-numbered n-acids (six C15-C25 species, 0.26-1.40%), saturated even-numbered very-long-chain n-acids (six C20-C30 species, 1.00-2.49%), iso-acids (nine C15-C26 species, 0.64-1.53%), anteiso-acids (four C15-C20 species, 0.08-1.57%), certain uncommon mono- and dienoic acids, as well as 16:3omega3, 18:3omega6, and 18:4omega3 acids that are absent from the most higher plants. Nine fatty acids were found here for the first time in higher plants and two may be new to science. The evidence on the unusual fatty acids is discussed with respect to their distribution in living organisms, pathways of biosynthesis, and chemotaxonomic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D Tsydendambaev
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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Svensson L, Hansson U, Gronowitz S, Klingstedt T. The relationship between the structure of monoalkyl branched saturated triacylglycerols and some physical properties. Lipids 1997; 32:661-6. [PMID: 9208396 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-997-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three different physical properties, the gel point ("solidification point"), the refractive index and the density, were determined and related to the structure of the branched triacylglycerols. A four-factor central composite face-centered design was constructed where the four variables were the length of the main chain, the branching position, the length of the side chain, and the number of branched fatty acyl groups attached to the glycerol backbone. Second-order models were calculated in which the three physical properties were related to the structure. Four additional branched triacylglycerols were analyzed in order to confirm the validity of each model. Contour plots are shown in order to visualize the prediction equations which were obtained.
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Svensson L, Hansson U, Gronowitz S, Klingstedt T. The relationship between the structure of monoalkyl branched saturated fatty acids and some physical properties. Lipids 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02537497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Body
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Istasse L, Deb. Hovell F, Macleod N, Orskov E. The effects of continuous or intermittent infusion of propionic acid on plasma insulin and milk yield in dairy cows nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-6226(87)90039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wing DR, Harvey DJ, La Droitte P, Robinson K, Belcher S. Examination of the esterified fatty acids from mouse erythrocyte and synaptosomal membrane phospholipids and their distribution between the various phospholipid types. J Chromatogr A 1986; 368:103-11. [PMID: 3782360 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Esterified fatty acids from mouse erythrocyte and synaptosomal membranes were characterised by fused-silica capillary gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Structural information was obtained from the mass spectra of a number of derivatives including trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyl and picolinyl esters together with the TMS ethers of glycols derived from the unsaturated acids. In addition to previously characterised acids, small concentrations of several acids previously unreported from these membranes were identified. These included branched chain acids and several unsaturated acids.
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MILLER GJ, FIELD RA, AGBOOLA HA. LIPIDS IN SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES AND LONGISSIMUS MUSCLES OF FEEDLOT AND GRASS-FED EWES. J FOOD QUALITY 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1986.tb00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstracts of Communications. Proc Nutr Soc 1983. [DOI: 10.1079/pns19830059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Massart-Leën AM, Roets E, Peeters G, Verbeke R. Propionate for fatty acid synthesis by the mammary gland of the lactating goat. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66:1445-54. [PMID: 6886173 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)81958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolated mammary glands of lactating goats were perfused with heparinized and oxygenated blood for 8 to 15 h. Adequate quantities of glucose, acetate, and amino acid were added to the perfusate. After addition of propionate to the perfusion blood, concentrations of odd-numbered and of monomethyl-substituted fatty acids other than those with iso and anteiso configuration increased in the milk fat. These acids seem to be synthesized de novo in the mammary gland. The increase of C17:0 concentration was weak and problematic. We suggest that propionate is acting as a precursor for monomethyl-substituted fatty acids by way of methylmalonyl-CoA. The activating effect of propionate administration upon milk fatty acid production was largest for odd-numbered followed by monomethyl-substituted fatty acids. No increase of iso acids was observed in milk fat in the propionate-infused glands whereas the increase of anteiso acids was extremely small. This agrees with the conception that iso and anteiso fatty acids are synthesized by rumen bacteria.
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Smith A, Lough AK, Earl CR. The influence of dietary branched-chain fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of tissue- lipids of rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1982; 33:421-430. [PMID: 7087402 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740330506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Wahle KW, Hare WR. The effect of dietary methyl branched-chain fatty acids on aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism in the rat. Br J Nutr 1982; 47:61-7. [PMID: 7059569 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19820009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. Rats were fed to appetite on a stock laboratory diet or on diets consisting of the stock diet and in addition 50 or 200 g triolein/kg, 50 g palmitic acid/kg or 50 g/kg of a concentrate mixture of methyl branched-chain fatty acids (Me-BCFA) which had been prepared from sheep adipose triacylglycerols. 2. No differences could be detected in the delta 9-desaturase activity or fatty acid synthetase activity of liver preparations from rats which had been fed on either the stock diet, the 50 g palmitic acid/kg or the 50 and 200 g triolein/kg diet; the palmitic acid diet was therefore taken as the control diet in subsequent experiments. 3. Rats consuming the 50 g Me-BCFA/kg diet exhibited a marked reduction in the capacity of their liver microsomes for delta 9-desaturation when compared with animals receiving the control diet. The delta 6-desaturase activity also showed an inhibitory trend with the Me-BCFA diet. 4. Microsomal omega-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial succinate oxidation and the activity of cytosolic fatty acid synthetase (FAS) were unaffected by the ingestion of the Me-BCFA mixture compared with the diet which included palmitic acid. 5. There were no differences in the plasma concentration of thyroxin, insulin and glucagon between animals fed on the diets containing palmitic acid or the Me-BCFA. 6. For a given concentration of fatty acids the Me-BCFA had a greater inhibitory effect when added to incubations of liver microsomes from rats fed on the standard diet than did the addition of palmitic acid. 7. The observations in vivo and in vitro strongly suggested that the Me-BCFA were having a specific inhibitory effect on the desaturation reaction.
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Duncan WR, Morrison ER, Garton GA. Effects of cobalt deficiency in pregnant and post-parturient ewes and their lambs. Br J Nutr 1981; 46:337-44. [PMID: 7284299 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
1. Two groups of ewes were fed on a cobalt-deficient diet throughout pregnancy; one group (group A) was given the diet from the beginning of pregnancy, whilst the other (group B) received the diet for 16 weeks before mating. The ewes in group A continued to receive the diet for 12 weeks post-partum. 2. The vitamin B12 content of serum was estimated on three occasions before parturition and, for group A ewes, at 12 weeks post partum. Urinary concentration of methylmalonic acid was also determined at intervals before the lambs were born. 3. Serum values for vitamin B12 indicated that the ewes in both groups were depleted of the vitamin, though those in group B were more severely affected, as was evidenced by the high incidence of perinatal mortality among the lambs born to these ewes. Perinatal mortality appeared to be associated with abnormally-high values for urinary concentration of methylmalonic acid. 4. Analysis of liver lipids and adipose tissue triacylglycerols of some of the vitamin B12 -deprived lambs which died before, or within 1 d of, birth showed that, compared with the corresponding tissues of control lambs, these lipids contained unusually high proportions of odd-numbered fatty acids (mostly 15:0, 17:0 and 19:0). This observation is discussed in relation to the likelihood that, in vitamin B12-deprived lambs, propionate becomes available as a primer unit for fatty acid synthesis when the metabolism of its carboxylation product, methylmalonic acid, is impaired due to partial lack of a vitamin B12-containing enzyme system.
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MILLER GJ, MASOR ML, RILEY ML. Intramuscular Lipids and Triglyceride Structures in Range and Feedlot Steers. J Food Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DePooter H, Decloedt M, Schamp N. Composition and variability of the branched-chain fatty acid fraction in the milk of goats and cows. Lipids 1981; 16:286-92. [PMID: 7253839 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain fatty acids of the milk fat of goats were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Iso-and anteiso-acids predominated, but a range of other monomethyl-branched components, mostly with methyl-substitution on carbons 4 and 6, was present. Analysis of the milk fat of cows revealed the presence of iso-and anteiso-fatty acid; other monomethyl-substituted fatty acids, as found in the milk fat of the goat, were virtually absent. Only a trace amount of 6-methylhexadecanoate was detected. The difference between goats and cows in the effectiveness with which these animals metabolize propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA is discussed.
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