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Andleeb S, Shafique I, Naseer A, Abbasi WA, Ejaz S, Liaqat I, Ali S, Khan MF, Ahmed F, Ali NM. Molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting vermi-bacteria associated with Eisenia fetida gastrointestinal tract. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269946. [PMID: 35704622 PMCID: PMC9200293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms are highly productive invertebrates and play a vital role in organic farming and improving soil structure and function. The gastrointestinal tract of earthworms possessed agricultural important bacteria. So, the current research aimed was to examine, screen, and identify the plant growth promoting bacteria existing in the digestive tract of Eisenia fetida called plant growth promoting vermi-bacteria. The plant growth promoting traits such as siderophore, phytohormone, and hydrolytic enzymes production, and phosphate solubiliation were assessed. Eleven vermi-bacteria i.e. Bacillus mycoides, B. aryabhattai, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus hominis, B. subtilis, B. spizizenii, B. licheniformis, B. mojavensis, B. toyonensis, B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. paranthracis were isolated and identified based on microscopic studies, biochemical tests, ribotyping, and agricultural traits. All vermi-bacteria are Gram-positive rods except Staphylococcus hominis and produce different compounds such as siderophore, indole acetic acid, catalase, oxidase, proteases, amylases, and lipases. All vermi-bacteria also act as phosphate solubilizers. Therefore, all isolated vermi-bacteria could be used as potential microbial biofertilizers to enhance crops production in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Irsa Shafique
- Department of Zoology, Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Anum Naseer
- Department of Zoology, Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Arshad Abbasi
- Department of CS&IT, Computational Biology and Data Analysis Laboratory, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Fayaz Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Mazhar Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
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Haque N, Prabhu NP. Lid closure dynamics of porcine pancreatic lipase in aqueous solution. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2313-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Park KM, Kim YN, Choi SJ, Chang PS. Development of the simple and sensitive method for lipoxygenase assay in AOT/isooctane reversed micelles. Food Chem 2013; 138:733-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sharma A, Chaurasia SP, Dalai AK. Non-selective hydrolysis of tuna fish oil for producing free fatty acids containing docosahexaenoic acid. CAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Chemical Engineering Department; Banasthali University; P.O. 304022 Jaipur Rajasthan India
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan; 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK, Canada S7N 5A9
| | - Satyendra P. Chaurasia
- Chemical Engineering Department; Malaviya National Institute of Technology; Jaipur Rajasthan 302 017 India
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan; 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK, Canada S7N 5A9
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Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on glutaraldehyde-activated polyester fiber and its application for hydrolysis of some vegetable oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Pronk W, Boswinkel G, Riet KV. The Influence of Fatty Acid and Glycerol on the Kinetics of Fat Hydrolysis by Candida Rugosa Lipase in a Membrane Reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429209014877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Pronk
- Department of Food Science, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8129, NL 6700EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Boswinkel
- Department of Food Science, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8129, NL 6700EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Van't Riet
- Department of Food Science, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8129, NL 6700EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nagao A, Kito M. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters Useful in the Food Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429008992073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Nagao
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan
| | - Makoto Kito
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan
- Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar D. Mukherjee
- Federal Center for Lipid Research, Institute for Biochemistry and Technology, H. P. Kaufmann Institute, Piusallee 68, D-4400, Münster, Federal Republic of Germany
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Chew YH, Chua LS, Cheng KK, Sarmidi MR, Aziz RA, Lee CT. Kinetic study on the hydrolysis of palm olein using immobilized lipase. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effect of the Pretreatment of Lipase with Organic Solvents on its Conformation and Activity in Reverse Micelles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 142:253-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Entrapment of lipase into K-carrageenan beads and its use in hydrolysis of olive oil in biphasic system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang D, Rhee JS. Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil by immobilized lipase in organic solvent. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 40:748-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hari Krishna S, Karanth NG. LIPASES AND LIPASE-CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS IN NONAQUEOUS MEDIA. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-120015481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Continuous production of fatty acids from palm olein by immobilized lipase in a two-phase system. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-000-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gargouri M, Drouet P, Hervagault JF, Legoy MD. Investigation of behavior of an enzyme in a biphasic system: Soybean lipoxygenase-1. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 51:573-80. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960905)51:5<573::aid-bit9>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gargouri M, Legoy MD. The kinetic behaviour of a two-enzyme system in biphasic media: coupling hydrolysis and lipoxygenation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1337:227-32. [PMID: 9048899 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the kinetic behaviour of a two-enzyme-system carrying out two consecutive reactions was investigated in macroheterogeneous biphasic media (octane/buffer pH 9.6, v/v = 1:1). The lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of trilinolein and the subsequent lipoxygenation of the liberated linoleic acid, were coupled in a modified Lewis cell with a well-defined liquid/liquid interfacial area. Trilinolein was dissolved in the organic phase and hydrolysed in the presence of Mucor javanicus lipase at the organic/aqueous interface. Linoleic acid, liberated after hydrolysis was transferred to the aqueous phase and reacted with lipoxygenase. This reaction consumed linoleic acid and produced hydroperoxides, which favoured the transfer of residual linoleic acid, since they possess surface active properties. Catalysis and transfer influenced each other reciprocally. At low substrate concentrations, cooperativity phenomena were observed in the experimental and also the modelled two-enzyme systems. When the initial substrate concentration was high, the kinetic behaviour of the two-enzyme system in a compartmentalised medium, seemed to be independent of the substrate concentration, unlike that observed in homogeneous monophasic enzymology. The numerical integration program used to model the two-enzyme system was based on results obtained in separate studies of the following three phenomena: (1) trilinolein hydrolysis in biphasic medium. (2) linoleic acid transfer across a liquid/liquid interface and (3) lipoxygenation in an aqueous media. Results obtained by modelling were similar to the results observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologie, Université de La Rochelle, France.
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Dumitriu S, Chornet E, Vidal PF, Moresoli C. Polyionic hydrogels as support for immobilization of lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00159410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghatorae AS, Guerra MJ, Bell G, Halling PJ. Immiscible organic solvent inactivation of urease, chymotrypsin, lipase, and ribonuclease: Separation of dissolved solvent and interfacial effects. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 44:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260441112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lipid hydrolysis by Pseudomonas putida 3SK cultured in organic—aqueous two-phase system. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Venkata Rao P, Jayaraman K, Lakshmanan C. Production of lipase by Candida rugosa in solid state fermentation. 1: determination of significant process variables. Process Biochem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(93)80025-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Enzyme catalysis in organic solvents is being increasingly used for a variety of applications. Of special interest are the cases in which the medium is predominantly non-aqueous and contains little water. A display of enzyme activity, even in anhydrous solvents (water less than 0.02% by vol.), perhaps reflects that the minimum necessity for water is for forming bonds with polar amino acids on the enzyme surface. The rigidity of enzyme structure at such low water content results in novel substrate specificities, pH memory and the possibility of techniques such as molecular imprinting. Limited data indicates that, while enhanced thermal stability invariably results, the optimum temperature for catalysis may not change. If true in general, this enhanced thermostability would have extremely limited benefits. Medium engineering and biocatalyst engineering are relevant techniques to improve the efficiency and stability of enzymes in such low water systems. Most promising, as part of the latter, is the technique of protein engineering. Finally, this review provides illustrations of applications of such systems in the diverse areas of organic synthesis, analysis and polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gupta
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
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30
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Valivety RH, Johnston GA, Suckling CJ, Halling PJ. Solvent effects on biocatalysis in organic systems: Equilibrium position and rates of lipase catalyzed esterification. Biotechnol Bioeng 1991; 38:1137-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260381004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Tsai SW, Wu GH, Chiang CL. Kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil in biphasic organic-aqueous systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 1991; 38:761-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260380710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Stability of the lipase immobilized on DEAE-Sephadex for continuous lipid hydrolysis in organic solvent. Biotechnol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01033408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Kang ST, Rhee JS. Characteristics of immobilized lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil of high concentration in reverse phase system. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989; 33:1469-76. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260331114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Effect of solvents on hydrolysis of olive oil by immobilized lipase in reverse phase system. Biotechnol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01026783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khmelnitsky Y, Levashov A, Klyachko N, Martinek K. Engineering biocatalytic systems in organic media with low water content. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ison A, Dunnill P, Lilly M. Effect of solvent concentration on enzyme catalysed interesterification of fats. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
A wide range of enzymes and whole microbial cells will act as catalysts in reaction mixtures that contain 2 or more phases, one of which is an organic liquid (either a reactant or including water-immiscible organic solvents). These "biphasic" systems have a variety of structures, knowledge of which aids predictions about biocatalyst activity and stability. There is often a dilute aqueous solution phase (containing the biocatalyst), which may be emulsified with the organic phase, or "trapped" within catalyst particles; sometimes however there may only be traces of water adsorbed to the enzyme or cells. These reaction systems offer several advantages for industrial applications, notably the higher solubilities of many reactants of interest, and the ability of readily available hydrolytic enzymes to catalyse syntheses. The most non-polar organic liquids are least likely to inactivate biocatalysts, though many do remain active with relatively polar solvents. Modification of the biocatalyst may stabilise against inactivation, especially where this is due to direct contact with the phase interface. The mass transfer processes required in these systems remain poorly understood, particularly because the interfacial area is often unknown. Attractive continuous reactors may be operated using a packed bed of catalyst with a trapped aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Halling
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde. 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
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40
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Stead D. Microbial lipases: their characteristics, role in food spoilage and industrial uses. J DAIRY RES 1986; 53:481-505. [PMID: 3531258 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900025103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Han D, Rhee JS. Characteristics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil in AOT-isooctane reversed micelles. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:1250-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lindhardt RJ. Enzymes and cells in organic solvents and supercritical fluids. Patents and literature. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1986; 12:67-76. [PMID: 3300544 DOI: 10.1007/bf02798579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kwon DY, Rhee JS. A simple and rapid colorimetric method for determination of free fatty acids for lipase assay. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02676129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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