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Le HH, Hagen MW, Louey S, Tavori H, Thornburg KL, Giraud GD, Hinds MT, Barnes AP. Development of a novel Guinea Pig model producing transgenerational endothelial transcriptional changes driven by maternal food restriction and a second metabolic insult of high fat diet. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266444. [PMID: 37942229 PMCID: PMC10628814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental programming of chronic adverse cardiovascular health outcomes has been studied both using numerous human populations and an array of animal models. However, the mechanisms that produce transgenerational effects have been difficult to study due to a lack of developmentally relevant models. As such, how increased disease risk is carried to the second generation has been poorly studied. We hypothesized that the endothelium which mediates many acute and chronic vascular inflammatory responses is a key player in these effects, and epidemiological studies implicate transgenerational nutritional effects on endothelial health. To study the mutigenerational effects of maternal undernutrition on offspring endothelial health, we developed a model of transgenerational nutritional stress in guinea pigs, a translationally relevant precocial species with a relatively short lifespan. First- and second-generation offspring were subjected to a high fat diet in adolescence to exacerbate negative cardiovascular health. To assess transcriptional changes, we performed bulk RNA-sequencing in carotid artery endothelial cells, with groups stratified as prenatal control or food restricted, and postnatal control or high fat diet. We detected statistically significant gene alterations for each dietary permutation, some of which were unique to treatments and other transcriptional signatures shared by multiple or all conditions. These findings highlight a core group of genes altered by high fat diet that is shared by all cohorts and a divergence of transgenerational effects between the prenatal ad libitum and dietary restriction groups. This study establishes the groundwork for this model to be used to better understand the interplay of prenatal stress and genetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary H. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew W. Hagen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - George D. Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
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Martinez-Mateu L, Saiz J, Aromolaran AS. Differential Modulation of IK and ICa,L Channels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Guinea Pig Atria. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31607952 PMCID: PMC6773813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity mechanisms that make atrial tissue vulnerable to arrhythmia are poorly understood. Voltage-dependent potassium (IK, IKur, and IK1) and L-type calcium currents (ICa,L) are electrically relevant and represent key substrates for modulation in obesity. We investigated whether electrical remodeling produced by high-fat diet (HFD) alone or in concert with acute atrial stimulation were different. Electrophysiology was used to assess atrial electrical function after short-term HFD-feeding in guinea pigs. HFD atria displayed spontaneous beats, increased IK (IKr + IKs) and decreased ICa,L densities. Only with pacing did a reduction in IKur and increased IK1 phenotype emerge, leading to a further shortening of action potential duration. Computer modeling studies further indicate that the measured changes in potassium and calcium current densities contribute prominently to shortened atrial action potential duration in human heart. Our data are the first to show that multiple mechanisms (shortened action potential duration, early afterdepolarizations and increased incidence of spontaneous beats) may underlie initiation of supraventricular arrhythmias in obese guinea pig hearts. These results offer different mechanistic insights with implications for obese patients harboring supraventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Mateu
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Saiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Metabolism Research Group, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Ipsen DH, Tveden-Nyborg P, Rolin B, Rakipovski G, Beck M, Mortensen LW, Færk L, Heegaard PMH, Møller P, Lykkesfeldt J. High-fat but not sucrose intake is essential for induction of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in guinea pigs. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:51. [PMID: 27512407 PMCID: PMC4979160 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia are closely related. Diet plays an important role in the progression of these diseases, but the role of specific dietary components is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of dietary sucrose and fat/cholesterol on the development of dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Methods Seventy female guinea pigs were block-randomized (based on weight) into five groups and fed a normal chow diet (control: 4 % fat), a very high-sucrose diet (vHS: 4 % fat, 25 % sucrose), a high-fat diet (HF: 20 % fat, 0.35 % cholesterol), a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS: 20 % fat, 15 % sucrose, 0.35 % cholesterol) or a high-fat/very high-sucrose diet (HFvHS: 20 % fat, 25 % sucrose, 0.35 % cholesterol) for 16 and 25 weeks. Results All three high-fat diets induced dyslipidemia with increased concentrations of plasma cholesterol (p < 0.0001), LDL-C (p < 0.0001) and VLDL-C (p < 0.05) compared to control and vHS. Contrary to this, plasma triglycerides were increased in control and vHS compared to high-fat fed animals (p < 0.01), while circulating levels of free fatty acids were even between groups. Histological evaluation of liver sections revealed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with progressive inflammation and bridging fibrosis in high-fat fed animals. Accordingly, hepatic triglycerides (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001) was increased alongside elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.01) compared to control and vHS. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest that intake of fat and cholesterol, but not sucrose, are the main factors driving the development and progression of dyslipidemia and NAFLD/NASH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0110-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Højland Ipsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bidda Rolin
- Diabetes Pharmacology, Global research, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Günaj Rakipovski
- Diabetes Pharmacology, Global research, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Maria Beck
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Line Winther Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lasse Færk
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Ye P, Cheah IK, Halliwell B. High fat diets and pathology in the guinea pig. Atherosclerosis or liver damage? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012. [PMID: 23195951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been widely used to investigate the relationship between diet and atherosclerosis and also to study disease etiology and possible interventions. Guinea pigs have been suggested to be a more "realistic" model for atherosclerosis due to their many similarities to humans. However, few published studies actually reported observations of characteristic atherosclerotic lesions and even fewer of advanced lesions. Studies, by our group, of guinea pigs fed on a high-fat diet revealed similar observations, with indications primarily of fatty streaks but little evidence of atherosclerotic plaques. This review discusses the feasibility of the guinea pig as a model for dietary-induced atherosclerosis. As it stands, current evidence raises doubt as to whether guinea pigs could serve as a realistic model for atherosclerosis. However, our own data and the literature suggest that they could be useful models for studying lipoprotein metabolism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and dietary interventions which may help regulate these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore
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Carbohydrate restriction and dietary cholesterol distinctly affect plasma lipids and lipoprotein subfractions in adult guinea pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:856-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ensign WY, McNamara DJ, Fernandez ML. Exercise improves plasma lipid profiles and modifies lipoprotein composition in guinea pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:747-753. [PMID: 12550059 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
These studies were conducted to determine the effects of exercise training on plasma lipoprotein levels and metabolism in the guinea pig to evaluate potential utilization of this model for studies of exercise-mediated effects on the regulation of sterol and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis regression. Male guinea pigs (n = 5 per group) were randomly assigned to either a control or an exercise group. The exercise protocol consisted of a 7-week training program, 5 days/wk on a rodent treadmill. Final speed and duration were 33 meters/min for 30-40 min per session. Guinea pigs in the exercise group had 33% lower plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (P < 0.01), 66% higher HDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and 31% lower plasma free fatty acids (P < 0.05) than guinea pigs from the non-exercised group. In addition, lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart was 50% higher (P < 0.025) in guinea pigs allocated to the exercise protocol. Exercise training resulted in modifications in composition and size of lipoproteins. The concentrations of free cholesterol in LDL and HDL were higher in the exercised guinea pigs. The LDL peak density values were lower in guinea pigs from the exercise group compared to controls suggesting that exercise training resulted in larger LDL particles. In contrast, no significant effects due to exercise were observed in hepatic cholesterol concentrations, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity or LDL binding to guinea pig hepatic membranes. These data indicate that exercise had a more pronounced effect on the intravascular processing of lipoproteins than on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the pattern of changes in guinea pig lipoprotein metabolism, in response to exercise training, was similar to reported effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Y. Ensign
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, USA
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Cos E, Ramjiganesh T, Roy S, Yoganathan S, Nicolosi RJ, Fernandez ML. Soluble fiber and soybean protein reduce atherosclerotic lesions in guinea pigs. Sex and hormonal status determine lesion extension. Lipids 2001; 36:1209-16. [PMID: 11795853 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
These studies were undertaken to assess guinea pigs as potential models for early atherosclerosis development. For that purpose, male, female, and ovariectomized (to mimic menopause) guinea pigs were fed a control or a TEST diet for 12 wk. Differences between diets were the type of protein (60% casein/40% soybean vs. 100% soybean) and the type of fiber (12.5% cellulose vs. 2.5% cellulose/5% pectin/5% psyllium) for control and TEST diets, respectively. Diet had no effect on plasma cholesterol or triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations; however, there were significant effects related to sex/hormonal status. Ovariectomized guinea pigs had higher plasma cholesterol and TAG concentrations than males or females (P < 0.01). In contrast to effects on plasma lipids, hepatic cholesterol and TAG were 50% lower in the TEST groups (P < 0.01) compared to controls. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) from guinea pigs fed the TEST diet had a lower number of cholesteryl ester (CE) molecules and a smaller diameter than LDL from controls. Atherosclerotic lesions were modulated by both diet (P < 0.0001) and sex (P < 0.0001). Guinea pigs fed the TEST diet had 25% less lesion extension whereas males had 20% larger occlusion of the arteries compared to both female and ovariectomized guinea pigs. Significant positive correlations were found between LDL CE and atherosclerotic lesions (r = 0.495, P < 0.05) and LDL size and fatty streak area (r = 0.56, P < 0.01). In addition, females fed the TEST diet had the lowest plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations, the smallest LDL particles, and the least atherosclerosis involvement compared to the other groups. These data indicate that dietary factors and sex/hormonal status play a role in determining plasma lipids and atherosclerosis in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA
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Vergara-Jimenez M, Conde K, Erickson SK, Fernandez ML. Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat–sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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He L, Fernandez ML. Dietary Carbohydrate Type and Fat Saturation Independently Regulate Hepatic Cholesterol and LDL Metabolism in Guinea Pigs. J Nutr Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(97)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fernandez ML, Soscia AE, Sun GS, Tosca M, McNamara DJ, McDonald BE. Olive oil and rapeseed oil differ in their effect on plasma low-density lipoprotein metabolism in the guinea-pig. Br J Nutr 1996; 76:869-80. [PMID: 9014655 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19960093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of olive oil and rapeseed oil, two different high-oleic-acid oils, on plasma LDL and hepatic cholesterol metabolism were compared in guinea-pigs. Animals were fed on semipurified diet containing 150 g fat/kg as either olive oil (OL), rapeseed oil plus 100 g palm oil/kg (C-P) or olive oil plus 350 g safflowerseed oil/kg (OL-S). Olive oil was enriched with safflowerseed oil (OL-S diet) to increase linoleic acid and to decrease palmitic acid concentrations, in order to evaluate whether differences in plasma LDL concentrations were due to intrinsic effects of the specific oil (rapeseed or olive oil) or to differences in the content of specific fatty acids. No differences due to dietary fat source were found in plasma total and HDL-cholesterol levels or in LDL composition. Plasma LDL-cholesterol levels were lower on the C-P diet than the OL diet (P < 0.05) while plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in animals fed on the OL-S diet were not significantly different from either dietary group (P > 0.05). The number of hepatic apo B/E (LDL) receptors was on average 25% higher in animals fed on the C-P diet compared with those fed on diets containing olive oil. Likewise, cardiac muscle lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) activity was significantly higher in the C-P group than in the OL and OL-S dietary groups. Dietary fat source had no effect on hepatic cholesterol levels or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity. The results indicate that olive oil and rapeseed oil, both rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids, differ in their effect on LDL metabolism in the guinea-pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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Dietary fat amount and carbohydrate type regulate hepatic acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity. Possible links between ACAT activity and plasma cholesterol levels. Nutr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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