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Navarro López E, Jiménez Callejón MJ, Macías Sánchez MD, González Moreno PA, Robles Medina A. Obtaining eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched polar lipids from microalga Nannochloropsis sp. by lipase-catalysed hydrolysis. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Perczyk P, Broniatowski M. Simultaneous action of microbial phospholipase C and lipase on model bacterial membranes - Modeling the processes crucial for bioaugmentation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183620. [PMID: 33831405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation is a promising method of the remediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants (POP). Unfortunately, it happens frequently that the microorganisms inoculated into the soil die out due to the presence of enzymes secreted by autochthonous microorganisms. Especially destructive are here phospholipases C (PLC) and lipases which destruct the microorganism's cellular membrane. The composition of bacterial membranes differs between species, so it is highly possible that depending on the membrane constitution some bacteria are more resistant to PLCs and lipases than other. To shed light on these problems we applied phospholipid Langmuir monolayers as model microbial membranes and studied their interactions with α-toxin (model bacterial PLC) and the lipase isolated from soil fungus Candida rugosa. Membrane phospholipids differing in their headgroup (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and cardiolipins) and in their tail structure were applied. The monolayers were characterized by the Langmuir technique, visualized by Brewster angle microscopy, and the packing mode of the phospholipid molecules was verified by the application of the diffraction of synchrotron radiation. We also studied the mutual miscibility of diacylglycerols and the native phospholipids as their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the PLC and lipase activity. It turned out that all the investigated phospholipid classes can be hydrolyzed by PLC; however, they differ profoundly in the hydrolysis degree. Depending on the effects of the initial PLC action and the mutual organization of the diacylglycerol and phospholipid molecules the lipase can ruin the model membranes or can be completely neutral to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Perczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Mulinari J, Venturin B, Sbardelotto M, Dall Agnol A, Scapini T, Camargo AF, Baldissarelli DP, Modkovski TA, Rossetto V, Dalla Rosa C, Reichert FW, Golunski SM, Vieitez I, Vargas GDLP, Dalla Rosa C, Mossi AJ, Treichel H. Ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of waste cooking oil catalyzed by homemade lipases. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:313-318. [PMID: 27746067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the waste cooking oil (WCO) hydrolysis in ultrasonic system using lipase as catalyst. Lipase was produced by the fungus Aspergillus niger via solid state fermentation (SSF) using canola meal as substrate. Prior to the hydrolysis reaction, the lipase behavior when subjected to ultrasound was evaluated by varying the temperature of the ultrasonic bath, the exposure time and the equipment power. Having optimized the treatment on ultrasound, the WCO hydrolysis reaction was carried out by evaluating the oil:water ratio and the lipase concentration. For a greater homogenization of the reaction medium, a mechanical stirrer at 170rpm was used. All steps were analyzed by experimental design technique. The lipase treatment in ultrasound generated an increase of about 320% in its hydrolytic activity using 50% of ultrasonic power for 25min. at 45°C. The results of the experimental design conducted for ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis showed that the best condition was using an oil:water ratio of 1:3 (v:v) and enzyme concentration of 15% (v/v), generating 62.67μmol/mL of free fatty acids (FFA) in 12h of reaction. Thus, the use of Aspergillus niger lipase as a catalyst for hydrolysis reaction of WCO can be considered as a possible pretreatment technique of the oil in order to accelerate its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mulinari
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - B Venturin
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - M Sbardelotto
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A Dall Agnol
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - T Scapini
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A F Camargo
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - D P Baldissarelli
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - T A Modkovski
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - V Rossetto
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - C Dalla Rosa
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - F W Reichert
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - S M Golunski
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - I Vieitez
- Grupo de Derivados de la Industria Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CYTAL), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G D L P Vargas
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - C Dalla Rosa
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A J Mossi
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - H Treichel
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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Reddy Jala RC, Chen B, Li H, Zhang Y, Cheong LZ, Yang T, Xu X. Enzymatic preparation and characterization of soybean lecithin-based emulsifiers. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2016. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0571161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple enzymatic methods were developed for the synthesis of lysolecithin, glycerolyzed lecithin and hydrolyzed lecithin. The products were characterized in terms of their acetone insoluble matter, hexane insoluble matter, moisture, phospholipid distribution and fatty acid composition. The HLB value ranges of different products with different acid values were detected. The efficiency of optimally hydrolyzed lecithin was examined at high calcium ion, low pH, and aqueous solutions and compared with commercially available standard lecithin-based emulsifiers. Overall, lysolecithin powder was proven to be the best emulsifier even at strong and medium acidic conditions.
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Enhancing the performance of a phospholipase A1 for oil degumming by bio-imprinting and immobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Yang G, Yang R, Hu J. Lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis by lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:443-7. [PMID: 25766935 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is amphiphilic substance, and possesses excellent physiological functions. In this study, LPC was prepared through ethanolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in n-hexane or solvent free media catalyzed by Novozym 435 (from Candida antarctica), Lipozyme TLIM (from Thermomcyces lanuginosus) and Lipozyme RMIM (from Rhizomucor miehei). The results showed that three immobilized lipases from Candida Antarctica, Thermomcyces lanuginosus and Rhizomucor miehei could catalyze ethanolysis of PC efficiently. In n-hexane, the LPC conversions of ethanolysis of PC catalyzed by Novozyme 435, Lipozyme TLIM and Lipozyme RMIM could reach to 98.5 ± 1.6%, 94.6 ± 1.4% and 93.7 ± 1.8%, respectively. In solvent free media, the highest LPC conversions of ethanolysis of PC catalyzed by Novozyme 435, Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme RM IM were 97.7 ± 1.7%, 93.5 ± 1.2% and 93.8 ± 1.9%, respectively. The catalytic efficiencies of the three lipases were in the order of Novozyme 435 > Lipozyme TLIM > Lipozyme RMIM. Furthermore, their catalytic efficiencies in n-hexane were better than those in solvent free media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Yang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
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Lim CW, Kim BH, Kim IH, Lee MW. Modeling and optimization of phospholipase A₁-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine using response surface methodology for lysophosphatidylcholine production. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:35-41. [PMID: 25380220 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Modeling the phospholipase A1 (PLA1 )-catalyzed partial hydrolysis of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) in hexane for the production of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and optimizing the reaction conditions using response surface methodology were described. The reaction was performed with 4 g of PC in a stirred batch reactor using a commercial PLA1 (Lecitase Ultra) as the biocatalyst. The effects of temperature, reaction time, water content, and enzyme loading on LPC and glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) content in the reaction products were elucidated using the models established. Optimal reaction conditions for maximizing the LPC content while suppressing acyl migration, which causes GPC formation, were as follows: temperature, 60°C; reaction time, 3 h; water content, 10% of PC; and enzyme loading, 1% of PC. When the reaction was conducted with 40 g of PC under these conditions, the reaction products contained 83.7 mol % LPC and were free of GPC. LPC had a higher total unsaturated fatty acid content than original PC had and was mainly composed of linoleic acid (78.0 mol % of the total fatty acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wan Lim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea
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Synthesis of Structured Phosphatidylcholine Containing n-3 PUFA Residues via Acidolysis Mediated by Immobilized Phospholipase A1. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Abstract
The purified lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PS, Amano) was immobilized on a commercially available microporous polypropylene support. The enzyme was rapidly and completely adsorbed on the support. Special attention was devoted to the demonstration of the lack of diffusional limitations, either internal or external, when a soluble substrate (p-nitrophenylacetate, pNPA) was used. The activity yield was high (100%) with pNPA and very low (0.4%) with p-nitrophenylpalmitate (pNPP). These values clearly showed that the immobilized enzyme was fully active as soon as activity was assayed on a soluble substrate rather than an insoluble one. With the latter one, the low activity was due mainly to a slow rate of substrate diffusion inside the porous support. The same diffusional phenomenon could explain the complete change of fatty acid specificity of the immobilized lipase. After immobilization, the lipase was mainly specific for short chain fatty acid esters, whereas the free enzyme was mainly specific for long chain esters. The activity-versus-temperature profiles were not greatly affected by immobilization with maximal reaction rates in the range 45 degrees to 50 degrees C for both enzyme preparations. However, immobilization increased enzyme stability mainly by decreasing the sensitivity to temperature of the inactivation reaction. Half-lives at 80 degrees C were 11 and 4 min for the immobilized and free enzymes, respectively. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 181-189, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pencreac'h
- Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, CNRS ERS 157, Biocatalysis and Fine Chemistry Group, Marseille, France
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D'Arrigo P, Servi S. Synthesis of lysophospholipids. Molecules 2010; 15:1354-77. [PMID: 20335986 PMCID: PMC6257299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
New synthetic methods for the preparation of biologically active phospholipids and lysophospholipids (LPLs) are very important in solving problems of membrane-chemistry and biochemistry. Traditionally considered just as second-messenger molecules regulating intracellular signalling pathways, LPLs have recently shown to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, reproduction, angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, atherosclerosis and nervous system regulation. Elucidation of the mechanistic details involved in the enzymological, cell-biological and membrane-biophysical roles of LPLs relies obviously on the availability of structurally diverse compounds. A variety of chemical and enzymatic routes have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of LPLs: the enzymatic transformation of natural glycerophospholipids (GPLs) using regiospecific enzymes such as phospholipases A1 (PLA1), A2 (PLA2) phospholipase D (PLD) and different lipases, the coupling of enzymatic processes with chemical transformations, the complete chemical synthesis of LPLs starting from glycerol or derivatives. In this review, chemo-enzymatic procedures leading to 1- and 2-LPLs will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D'Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy. paola.d'
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11
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Karakuş E, Ozler A, Pekyardimci S. Noncovalent immobilization of Pectinesterase (Prunus armeniaca L.) onto bentonite. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 36:535-550. [PMID: 19058058 DOI: 10.1080/10731190802554455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pectinesterase isolated from Malatya apricot was immobilized onto acid-treated bentonite surface by simple adsorption at pH 9.0. The properties of free and immobilized enzyme were defined. The effect of various factors such as pH, temperature, heat, and storage stability on immobilized enzyme were investigated. Optimum pH and temperature were determined to be 9.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme (Km and Vmax values) were also determined as 0.51 mM of the Km and 14.6 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) of the Vmax. No drastic change was observed in the Km value after immobilization. The Vmax value of immobilized enzyme was 8.4-fold bigger than those of free enzyme. Thermal and storage stability experiments were carried out. The patterns of heat stability indicated that the immobilization process tends to stabilize the enzyme. The properties of the immobilized enzyme were compared to those of the free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Karakuş
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Mukherjee K, Weber N. Lipid Biotechnology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.pt5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Joshi A, Paratkar SG, Thorat BN. Modification of lecithin by physical, chemical and enzymatic methods. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guo Z, Vikbjerg AF, Xu X. Enzymatic modification of phospholipids for functional applications and human nutrition. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:203-59. [PMID: 15763405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress in biochemistry of phospholipids and evolution of modern bioengineering has brought forth a number of novel concepts and technical advancements in the modification of phospholipids for industrial applications and human nutrition. Highlights cover preparation of novel phospholipid analogs based on the latest understanding of pivotal role of phospholipids in manifold biological processes, exploration of remarkable application potentials of phospholipids in meliorating human health, as well as development of new chemical and biotechnological approaches applied to the modification of phospholipids. This work reviews the natural occurrence and structural characteristics of phospholipids, their updated knowledge on manifold biological and nutritional functions, traditional and novel physical and chemical approaches to modify phospholipids as well as their applications to obtain novel phospholipids, and brief introduction of the efforts focusing on de novo syntheses of phospholipids. Special attention is given to the summary of molecular structural characteristics and catalytic properties of multiple phospholipases, which helps to interpret experimental phenomena and to improve reaction design. This will of course provide fundamental bases also for the development of enzymatic technology to produce structured or modified phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Testet E, Akermoun M, Shimoji M, Cassagne C, Bessoule JJ. Nonenzymatic synthesis of glycerolipids catalyzed by imidazole. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:1150-4. [PMID: 12091500 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200075-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole catalyzed acylations of lysolipids by acyl-CoAs in water at room temperature and at a pH close to neutrality. In the presence of oleoyl-CoA and either lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC); lysophosphatidylglycerol, monoacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; lysophosphatidyl acid, 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate; lysophosphatidylserine, monoacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserin; or lysophosphatidylethanolamine, monoacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, the corresponding phospholipids were synthesized. Similarly, the use of lyso-platelet activating factor, an ether analog of LPC, yielded the formation of 1-O-alkyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. In the presence of LPC, an imidazole-catalyzed synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) occurred when medium, long, and very long chain acyl-CoAs were added. With hydroxyacyl-CoA, a similar PC synthesis was obtained. The process described in the present paper appears to offer several potential applications of interest for the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and triglycerides with labeled and/or an unusual or fragile fatty acid, or when suitable acyltransferases have not yet been described in the literature and/or are not commercially available. The method described is very safe and simple since lipids can be synthesized in tubes containing 0.7% imidazole in water, and left for a few hours at room temperature on the bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Testet
- UMR 5544/ESTBB, CNRS-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Kim J, Kim BG. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of lysophosphatidylcholine using organic cosolvent for in situ
water activity control. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-000-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhan Kim
- ; School of Chemical Engineering; Seoul National University; 151-742 Seoul Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- ; School of Chemical Engineering; Seoul National University; 151-742 Seoul Korea
- ; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Seoul National University; 151-742 Seoul Korea
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Haas MJ, Kramer JK, McNeill G, Scott K, Foglia TA, Sehat N, Fritsche J, Mossoba MM, Yurawecz MP. Lipase-catalyzed fractionation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Lipids 1999; 34:979-87. [PMID: 10574663 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of lipases produced by the fungus Geotrichum candidum to selectively fractionate mixtures of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers during esterification of mixed CLA free fatty acids and during hydrolysis of mixed CLA methyl esters were examined. The enzymes were highly selective for cis-9,trans-11-18:2. A commercial CLA methyl ester preparation, containing at least 12 species representing four positional CLA isomers, was incubated in aqueous solution with either a commercial G. candidum lipase preparation (Amano GC-4) or lipase produced from a cloned high-selectivity G. candidum lipase B gene. In both instances selective hydrolysis of the cis-9,trans-11-18:2 methyl ester occurred, with negligible hydrolysis of other CLA isomers. The content of cis-9, trans-11-18:2 in the resulting free fatty acid fraction was between 94 (lipase B reaction) and 77% (GC-4 reaction). The commercial CLA mixture contained only trace amounts of trans-9,cis-11-18:2, and there was no evidence that this isomer was hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Analogous results were obtained with these enzymes in the esterification in organic solvent of a commercial preparation of CLA free fatty acids containing at least 12 CLA isomers. In this case, G. candidum lipase B generated a methyl ester fraction that contained >98% cis-9,trans-11-18:2. Geotrichum candidum lipases B and GC-4 also demonstrated high selectivity in the esterification of CLA with ethanol, generating ethyl ester fractions containing 96 and 80%, respectively, of the cis-9,trans-11 isomer. In a second set of experiments, CLA synthesized from pure linoleic acid, composed essentially of two isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12, was utilized. This was subjected to esterification with octanol in an aqueous reaction system using Amano GC-4 lipase as catalyst. The resulting ester fraction contained up to 97% of the cis-9,trans-11 isomer. After adjustment of the reaction conditions, a concentration of 85% trans-10,cis-12-18:2 could be obtained in the unreacted free fatty acid fraction. These lipase-catalyzed reactions provide a means for the preparative-scale production of high-purity cis-9,trans-11-18:2, and a corresponding CLA fraction depleted of this isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Haas
- USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
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21
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Kim MG, Lee SB. Enhanced catalytic efficiency of enzymes in organic media with the addition of the solid support: Effect of silica gel on reaction rates and enzyme agglomeration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(96)00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Haas MJ, Scott KM. Diesel fuel as a solvent for the lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02523516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Combined nonenzymatic-enzymatic method for the synthesis of simple alkyl fatty acid esters from soapstock. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02523502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
This review attempts to provide an updated compilation of studies reported in the literature pertaining to reactors containing lipases in immobilized forms, in a way that helps the reader direct a bibliographic search and develop an integrated perspective of the subject. Highlights are given to industrial applications of lipases (including control and economic considerations), as well as to methods of immobilization and configurations of reactors in which lipases are used. Features associated with immobilized lipase kinetics such as enzyme activities, adsorption properties, optimum operating conditions, and estimates of the lumped parameters in classical kinetic formulations (Michaelis-Menten model for enzyme action and first-order model for enzyme decay) are presented in the text in a systematic tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Balcão
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto
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25
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Kim MK, Kim JK, Rhee JS. Isolation of a phospholipase A1-producing microorganism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01570000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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