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Mozzon M, Foligni R, Mannozzi C. Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient. Foods 2020; 9:E631. [PMID: 32422962 PMCID: PMC7278620 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumers' opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%-80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the "dignity" of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the "tropical equivalent of olive oil", suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Foligni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Mannozzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
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Lieb VM, Kerfers MR, Kronmüller A, Esquivel P, Alvarado A, Jiménez VM, Schmarr HG, Carle R, Schweiggert RM, Steingass CB. Characterization of Mesocarp and Kernel Lipids from Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Elaeis oleifera [Kunth] Cortés, and Their Interspecific Hybrids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3617-3626. [PMID: 28434221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphological traits, total lipid contents, and fatty acid profiles were assessed in fruits of several accessions of Elaeis oleifera [Kunth] Cortés, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., and their interspecific hybrids. The latter featured the highest mesocarp-to-fruit ratios (77.9-78.2%). The total lipid contents of both E. guineensis mesocarp and kernel were significantly higher than for E. oleifera accessions. Main fatty acids comprised C16:0, C18:1n9, and C18:2n6 in mesocarp and C12:0, C14:0, and C18:1n9 in kernels. E. oleifera samples were characterized by higher proportions of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Saturated medium-chain fatty acids supported the clustering of E. guineensis kernels in multivariate statistics. Hybrid mesocarp lipids had an intermediate fatty acid composition, whereas their kernel lipids resembled those of E. oleifera genotypes. Principal component analysis based on lipid contents and proportions of individual fatty acids permitted clear-cut distinction of E. oleifera, E. guineensis, and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M Lieb
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Margarete R Kerfers
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amrei Kronmüller
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patricia Esquivel
- School of Food Technology, Universidad de Costa Rica , 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | | | - Víctor M Jiménez
- CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica , 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
- Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim , 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schmarr
- Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Institute for Viticulture and Oenology , Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Montoya C, Cochard B, Flori A, Cros D, Lopes R, Cuellar T, Espeout S, Syaputra I, Villeneuve P, Pina M, Ritter E, Leroy T, Billotte N. Genetic architecture of palm oil fatty acid composition in cultivated oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared to its wild relative E. oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95412. [PMID: 24816555 PMCID: PMC4015976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the palm oil fatty acid composition of mature fruits of the oil palm E. guineensis Jacq. in comparison with its wild relative E. oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés. The oil palm cross LM2T x DA10D between two heterozygous parents was considered in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis. Its QTLs were compared to QTLs published for the same traits in an interspecific Elaeis pseudo-backcross used as an indirect representative of E. oleifera. Few correlations were found in E. guineensis between pulp fatty acid proportions and yield traits, allowing for the rather independent selection of both types of traits. Sixteen QTLs affecting palm oil fatty acid proportions and iodine value were identified in oil palm. The phenotypic variation explained by the detected QTLs was low to medium in E. guineensis, ranging between 10% and 36%. The explained cumulative variation was 29% for palmitic acid C16:0 (one QTL), 68% for stearic acid C18:0 (two QTLs), 50% for oleic acid C18:1 (three QTLs), 25% for linoleic acid C18:2 (one QTL), and 40% (two QTLs) for the iodine value. Good marker co-linearity was observed between the intraspecific and interspecific Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) linkage maps. Specific QTL regions for several traits were found in each mapping population. Our comparative QTL results in both E. guineensis and interspecific materials strongly suggest that, apart from two common QTL zones, there are two specific QTL regions with major effects, which might be one in E. guineensis, the other in E. oleifera, which are independent of each other and harbor QTLs for several traits, indicating either pleiotropic effects or linkage. Using QTL maps connected by highly transferable SSR markers, our study established a good basis to decipher in the future such hypothesis at the Elaeis genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmenza Montoya
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Program, Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite (Cenipalma), Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Benoit Cochard
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Albert Flori
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - David Cros
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Ricardo Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cuellar
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Espeout
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Indra Syaputra
- Agricultural Department, SOCFINDO (PT Socfin-Indonesia), Medan, Indonesia
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- Umr Iate 1208, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Pina
- Umr Iate 1208, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Enrique Ritter
- Biotechnology Department, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Thierry Leroy
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Billotte
- Umr Agap, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Laureles LR, Rodriguez FM, Reaño CE, Santos GA, Laurena AC, Mendoza EMT. Variability in fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) hybrids and their parentals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1581-6. [PMID: 11879040 DOI: 10.1021/jf010832w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of oils from the solid endosperm of different Philippine coconut hybrids and their parentals were determined by using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In general, varietal differences in fatty acid composition were observed. Lauric acid (C12) content was significantly higher in the hybrids PCA 15-8 (50.45%) and PCA 15-9 (50.26%) by about 3.16% points as compared to other hybrids, and higher in Tacunan Green Dwarf (50.50%) among the parentals. Among the fatty acids, lauric acid exhibited the least variation. In general, none of the hybrids had higher fatty acid content than their parentals. The HPLC chromatogram of triacylglycerols (TAG) showed 8 major peaks which differ in carbon number (CN) by two: identified as TAG CN 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, and 44. TAGs CN 30 (4.08%) and CN 34 (19.20%) were found to be significantly higher in PCA 15-9 than in the other hybrids. CN 36 was highest (21.94-23.66%) in all hybrids and parentals. The TAG CNs varied significantly among hybrids and parents, i.e., in CN 30, 32, and 34, which are high in medium chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), and in CN 30 (for parentals only), 40, 42, and 44 (the latter two for parentals only), and none in CN 36. MCTs calculated for two hybrids and their parents ranged from 13.81% to 20.55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucita R Laureles
- Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College 4031, Laguna, Philippines
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Kallio H, Yli-Jokipii K, Kurvinen JP, Sjövall O, Tahvonen R. Regioisomerism of triacylglycerols in lard, tallow, yolk, chicken skin, palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin, and a transesterified blend of palm stearin and coconut oil analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:3363-3369. [PMID: 11453776 DOI: 10.1021/jf010015w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAG) of lard, tallow, egg yolk, chicken skin, palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin, and a transesterified blend of palm stearin and coconut oil (82:18) were investigated by chemical ionization and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Accurate molecular level information of the regioisomeric structures of individual TAGs was achieved. When existing in a TAG molecule of lard, palmitic acid occupied 90-100% of the sn-2 position. Within the major fatty acid combinations in tallow TAGs, the secondary position sn-2 was preferentially occupied in the decreasing order by oleoyl > palmitoyl > stearoyl residues, the order in saturated TAGs being myristoyl > stearoyl = palmitoyl. TAGs in egg yolk were more asymmetric than in chicken skin, with linoleic acid highly specifically attached in the yolk sn-2 carbon. Nearly 50% of yolk TAGs contained 52 carbon atoms with two or three double bonds. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were in the sn-2 location in decreasing quantities in palm oil and its fractions. Triacylglycerols of equal molecular weight behaved similarly in the fractionation process. Randomization of the parent oil TAGs was seen in the transesterified oil. The tandem mass spectrometric analysis applied provided detailed information of the distribution of fatty acids in individual combinations in TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kallio
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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MAN YCHE, LIU J, JAMILAH B, RAHMAN RABDUL. QUALITY CHANGES OF REFINED-BLEACHED-DEODORIZED (RBD) PALM OLEIN, SOYBEAN OIL AND THEIR BLENDS DURING DEEP-FAT FRYING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.1999.tb00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MAN YBCHE, HUSSIN WRWAN. COMPARISON OF THE FRYING PERFORMANCE OF REFINED, BLEACHED AND DEODORIZED PALM OLEIN AND COCONUT OIL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.1998.tb00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ester-exchange reaction between triglycerides with polyethylene glycol-modified lipase. Biotechnol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01048459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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