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Sobolewska D, Michalska K, Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Grabowska K, Owczarek-Januszkiewicz A, Olszewska MA, Podolak I. The Genus Cuphea P. Browne as a Source of Biologically Active Phytochemicals for Pharmaceutical Application and Beyond—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076614. [PMID: 37047590 PMCID: PMC10095593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuphea P. Browne (Lythraceae) is a monophyletic taxon comprising some 240–260 species that grow wild in the warm, temperate, and tropical regions of South and Central America and the southern part of North America. They have been valued as traditional medicinal remedies for numerous indications, including treating wounds, parasitic infections, hypertension, digestive disorders, cough, rheumatism, and pain. Modern pharmacological research provides data that support many of these traditional uses. Such a wide array of medicinal applications may be due to the exceptionally rich phytochemical profile of these plants, which includes bioactive compounds classified into various metabolite groups, such as polyphenols, triterpenes, alkaloids, and coumarins. Furthermore, Cuphea seed oils, containing medium-chain fatty acids, are of increasing interest in various industries as potential substitutes for coconut and palm oils. This review aims to summarize the results of phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Cuphea plants, with a particular focus on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of the action of polyphenolic compounds (especially flavonoids and tannins), which have been the subject of many recently published articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Galletti PA, Carvalho MEA, Hirai WY, Brancaglioni VA, Arthur V, Barboza da Silva C. Integrating Optical Imaging Tools for Rapid and Non-invasive Characterization of Seed Quality: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Carrot ( Daucus carota L.) as Study Cases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:577851. [PMID: 33408727 PMCID: PMC7779677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.577851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light-based methods are being further developed to meet the growing demands for food in the agricultural industry. Optical imaging is a rapid, non-destructive, and accurate technology that can produce consistent measurements of product quality compared to conventional techniques. In this research, a novel approach for seed quality prediction is presented. In the proposed approach two advanced optical imaging techniques based on chlorophyll fluorescence and chemometric-based multispectral imaging were employed. The chemometrics encompassed principal component analysis (PCA) and quadratic discrimination analysis (QDA). Among plants that are relevant as both crops and scientific models, tomato, and carrot were selected for the experiment. We compared the optical imaging techniques to the traditional analytical methods used for quality characterization of commercial seedlots. Results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence-based technology is feasible to discriminate cultivars and to identify seedlots with lower physiological potential. The exploratory analysis of multispectral imaging data using a non-supervised approach (two-component PCA) allowed the characterization of differences between carrot cultivars, but not for tomato cultivars. A Random Forest (RF) classifier based on Gini importance was applied to multispectral data and it revealed the most meaningful bandwidths from 19 wavelengths for seed quality characterization. In order to validate the RF model, we selected the five most important wavelengths to be applied in a QDA-based model, and the model reached high accuracy to classify lots with high-and low-vigor seeds, with a correct classification from 86 to 95% in tomato and from 88 to 97% in carrot for validation set. Further analysis showed that low quality seeds resulted in seedlings with altered photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content. In conclusion, both chlorophyll fluorescence and chemometrics-based multispectral imaging can be applied as reliable proxies of the physiological potential in tomato and carrot seeds. From the practical point of view, such techniques/methodologies can be potentially used for screening low quality seeds in food and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia A. Galletti
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcia E. A. Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Welinton Y. Hirai
- Department of Exacts Sciences, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vivian A. Brancaglioni
- Department of Exacts Sciences, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Valter Arthur
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Clíssia Barboza da Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Clíssia Barboza da Silva ;
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Nam JW, Yeon J, Jeong J, Cho E, Kim HB, Hur Y, Lee KR, Yi H. Overexpression of Acyl-ACP Thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5, Induce Distinct Gene Expression Reprogramming in Developing Seeds of Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3334. [PMID: 31284614 PMCID: PMC6651428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the substrate preference of Cuphea paucipetala acyl-ACP thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5, and gene expression changes associated with the modification of lipid composition in the seed, using Brassica napus transgenic plants overexpressing CpFatB4 or CpFatB5 under the control of a seed-specific promoter. CpFatB4 seeds contained a higher level of total saturated fatty acid (FA) content, with 4.3 times increase in 16:0 palmitic acid, whereas CpFatB5 seeds showed approximately 3% accumulation of 10:0 and 12:0 medium-chain FAs, and a small increase in other saturated FAs, resulting in higher levels of total saturated FAs. RNA-Seq analysis using entire developing pods at 8, 25, and 45 days after flowering (DAF) showed up-regulation of genes for β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I/II, stearoyl-ACP desaturase, oleate desaturase, and linoleate desaturase, which could increase unsaturated FAs and possibly compensate for the increase in 16:0 palmitic acid at 45 DAF in CpFatB4 transgenic plants. In CpFatB5 transgenic plants, many putative chloroplast- or mitochondria-encoded genes were identified as differentially expressed. Our results report comprehensive gene expression changes induced by alterations of seed FA composition and reveal potential targets for further genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinouk Yeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jiseong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ho Bang Kim
- Life Sciences Research Institute, Biomedic Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14548, Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Kleiman
- ; New Crops Research; USDA, ARS, NCAUR; Peoria Illinois 61604
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Abstract
The plant genus Cuphea (family Lythraceae) promises to provide a new source of industrially and nutritionally important medium-chain fatty acids, especially of lauric acid now supplied exclusively by coconut and palm kernel oils from foreign sources. The seed lipids of Cuphea were first discovered in the 1960s to contain high percentages of several medium-chain fatty acids, including caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acid. Research is still in the early stages, but it is intensifying toward the goal of developing the genus into a new temperate climate crop for production of specialty oils. Given the diversity of Cuphea seed lipid composition and the wide ecological and distributional range of the genus, it may be possible to tailor crops to produce selected fatty acids on demand under a variety of growing conditions. Cuphea comprises about 260 species, most native to the New World tropics. Its morphology, classification, chromosome numbers, distribution, ecology, and folk uses are presented. Seed structure is described and seed lipid composition for 73 species is summarized. Problems in domestication and agronomic progress are reviewed. Knowledge of the biosynthetic mechanism controlling the lipids produced by Cuphea remains very limited. Future research in this area, and particularly successful employment of gene transfer techniques, may allow genes controlling the mechanism to be transferred to an already established seed oil producer such as rapeseed. Presently, both traditional plant breeding techniques and newer biotechnological methods are directed toward Cuphea oilseed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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