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Cuesta-Rubio O, Hernández IM, Fernández MC, Rodríguez-Delgado I, De Oca Porto RM, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Rastrelli L. Chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of ecuadorian propolis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113415. [PMID: 36049527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the antioxidant potential of Ecuadorian propolis samples (n = 19) collected in different provinces were investigated. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and GC-EI-MS analysis of the methanol extracts enabled us to define six types of Ecuadorian propolis based on their secondary metabolite composition. 68 compounds were identified, 59 of which are reported for the first time in Ecuadorian propolis. The detected compounds include flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, organic acid derivatives, alkylresorcinol derivatives and nemorosone. Plants belonging to genera Populus, Mangifera and Clusia seemed to be vegetable sources employed by bees to produce Ecuadorian propolis. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of propolis extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing/antioxidant potential assays, respectively. As expected, the variable chemical composition affected the differences in terms of antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmany Cuesta-Rubio
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Ingrid Márquez Hernández
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Mercedes Campo Fernández
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Irán Rodríguez-Delgado
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecurarias, Ave. Panamericana km 5½, 070101, Machala, Ecuador.
| | - Rodny Montes De Oca Porto
- Instituto de Medicina del Deporte, Laboratorio Antidoping, Calle 100 y Aldabó, 1210800, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Rita Celano
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Tinoco P, Almendros G, Sanz J. Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9895-9906. [PMID: 30179002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental information provided by free lipids in soil samples collected from control and disturbed plots (Madrid, Spain) was assessed by comparing molecular assemblages of terpenoids and distribution patterns of alkanes and fatty acids (FAs) analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Wildfires in pine forests led to increased proportions of retene, dehydroabietin, and simonellite. Friedo-oleananes were characteristic in soils under angiosperms, and norambreinolide-type diterpenes were characteristic in soils encroached by Cistus bushes. Steroids were major compounds in pastured sites. Enhanced Shannon's lipid biodiversity index in disturbed soils compared with in control soils suggested patterns of recent lipids overlapping a preserved original lipid signature. The extent of the environmental impacts was illustrated as Euclidean distances between paired control and disturbed sites calculated using the compounds in alkyl homologous series as descriptors. As expected, reforestation, bush encroachment, wildfires, and cultivation were reflected by changes in the molecular record of lipids in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Tinoco
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Campus de Villanueva de la Cañada , Avenida Universidad 1 , E-28691 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Jesús Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General , CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
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Analysis of diterpenic compounds by GC-MS/MS: contribution to the identification of main conifer resins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6599-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Russo MV, Avino P. Characterization and Identification of Natural Terpenic Resins employed in "Madonna con Bambino e Angeli" by Antonello da Messina using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:59. [PMID: 22721351 PMCID: PMC3464792 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural resins were frequently employed as adhesives or as components of oleo-resinous media in paintings in the past. The identification of vegetable resins is still an open problem. The aim of this paper is to analyze by GC-MS some vegetable resins frequently employed in paintings, such as Venice turpentine, dammar, copal, elemi in order to identify their main component in raw and aged samples. Some molecules are proposed as chemical “markers” to identify these natural resins. Results The results obtained on standards allowed us to successfully analyze sample collected from one work of art: the Madonna with the Infant and Angels by Antonello da Messina (XV century). Conclusion The results obtained confirm that the painting the artist originally used a mixture of linseed oil and natural resin (Venice turpentine) as binding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Facoltà di Agraria (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, via de Sanctis, Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
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Ribechini E, Modugno F, Colombini MP. Direct exposure-(chemical ionisation)mass spectrometry for a rapid characterization of raw and archaeological diterpenoid resinous materials. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Arrabal C, Cortijo M, de Simón BF, García Vallejo MC, Cadahía E. Differentiation among five Spanish Pinus pinaster provenances based on its oleoresin terpenic composition. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Colombini MP, Modugno F, Ribechini E. Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphorae. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:675-687. [PMID: 15739159 DOI: 10.1002/jms.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two different analytical approaches, direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry (DE-MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were compared in a study of archaeological resinous materials. DE-MS was found to be an efficient fingerprinting tool for the fast screening of organic archaeological samples and for providing information on the major components. GC/MS appeared to be more efficient in unravelling the sample composition at a molecular level, despite the long analysis time and the need for a wet chemical pretreatment. Both procedures were applied to characterize the organic material present as coatings in Roman and Egyptian amphorae. DE-MS successfully identified abietanic compounds, hence a diterpenic resinous material could be identified and its degree of oxidation assessed. GC/MS enabled us to identify dehydroabietic acid, 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid, retene, tetrahydroretene, norabietatriene, norabietatetraene and methyl dehydroabietate. These oxidized and aromatized abietanes provided evidence that the amphorae examined were waterproofed with a pitch produced from resinous wood of plants from the Pinaceae family. The chemometric evaluation of the GC/MS data highlighted significant chemical differences between the pitches found in the two archaeological sites, basically related to differences in the production techniques of the materials and in their degradation pathways.
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Cartoni G, Russo MV, Spinelli F, Talarico F. GC-MS characterisation and identification of natural terpenic resins employed in works of art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 94:767-82. [PMID: 15626238 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200490098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural resins were frequently employed in the past as adhesives or as components of oleo-resinous media in paintings. The identification of vegetable resins is still an open problem. The aim of this paper is to analyse by GC-MS some vegetable resins frequently employed in paintings, such as Venice turpentine, dammar, copal, elemi, in order to identify their main components in samples both raw and aged. Some molecules are proposed as chemical markers to identify these natural resins. Two samples scraped off from XV and XVII century paintings were used to test the reliability of proposed method.
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Osete-Cortina L, Doménech-Carbó MT, Mateo-Castro R, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Bosch-Reig F. Identification of diterpenes in canvas painting varnishes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with combined derivatisation. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1024:187-94. [PMID: 14753721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A derivatisation method that combines the formation of ethyl esters from the carboxylic groups and trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxyl groups of the components of diterpenic resins is presented in this paper. This methodology involves two experimental steps: (1) formation of ethyl esters using ethyl chloroformate; and (2) the esterified compounds are lead to react with trimethylsilylimidazole to form the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of performing simultaneously the analysis of amino acids from proteins, fatty acids from drying oils, and diterpenic compounds from natural resins usually found in works of art. This methodology is of considerable interest due to the requirements of minimum sampling that usually involves the analysis of works of art. A chemometric study has been developed to adjust the optimal working conditions of the proposed derivatisation method in which chromatographic peak areas of the larixyl acetate derivative and the abietic acid derivative referred to n-hexadecane as internal standard have been compared. Samples of Venetian turpentine naturally aged have been used in this study. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed derivatisation method has been tested on other diterpenic resins and pigments commonly used in fine arts such as Strasbourg turpentine, Canada balsam, colophony, copper resinate and a sample from a Renaissance Altarpiece.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Osete-Cortina
- Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Nanny MA, Ratasuk N. Characterization and comparison of hydrophobic neutral and hydrophobic acid dissolved organic carbon isolated from three municipal landfill leachates. WATER RESEARCH 2002; 36:1572-1584. [PMID: 11996346 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The acid-precipitated (AP) and acid-soluble (AS) fractions of the combined hydrophobic neutral and hydrophobic acid dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were isolated from leachate collected from three municipal landfills of different age and redox conditions. The AP and the AS combined hydrophobic neutral and hydrophobic acid DOC comprised 6-15% and 51-66%, respectively, of the leachate nonpurgable organic carbon. Elemental analysis, infra-red spectroscopy, 13C CP-MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dipolar dephasing experiments, and thermochemolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed that the AP and AS fractions of hydrophobic neutral and hydrophobic acid DOC are highly aliphatic, with linear and branching moieties, and less oxidized than most terrestrial and aquatic humic substances. Very little, if any, polysaccharide or cellulose, lignin, or cutin components comprise these fractions. It is hypothesized that a majority of the organic carbon in these fractions originates highly branched, cyclic aliphatic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Nanny
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA.
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Dethlefs F, Stan HJ. Determination of resin acids in pulp mill EOP bleaching process effluent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 356:403-10. [PMID: 15048342 DOI: 10.1007/s0021663560403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1995] [Accepted: 12/02/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Resin acids are tricyclic diterpenoids which are natural constituents of the wood from conifers. They are released from the wood during the manufacture of pulp and paper. These acids are very resistant to chemical degradation and survive the pulping and also the EOP bleaching process (EOP=alkaline extraction, oxygen and peroxide, the chemicals used in the bleaching process). Resin acids were extracted from alkaline medium using liquid-liquid extraction with t-butyl methyl ether and solid phase extraction with RP C18 adsorbent and a highly porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer. After conversion of the acids to their pentafluorobenzyl esters, the extracts were analysed by GC/MS using a 25 m OV17 capillary column. Recovery values for single resin acids were determined by all three extraction methods. The solid phase extraction methods were applied to the analysis of the EOP effluent from a pulp mill bleaching process. 14 different resin acids and one resin acid methyl ester have been identified in the effluent. One of these was an oxo resin acid which might well be a product of the bleaching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dethlefs
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, D-13355, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Arrabal C, Cortijo M. Fatty and resin acids of spanishpinus pinaster
Ait. Subspecies. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02542276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arrabal
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal; Ciudad Universitaria; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Manuel Cortijo
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal; Ciudad Universitaria; Madrid 28040 Spain
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Li K, Chester M, Kutney JP, Saddler JN, Breuil C. Production of Polyclonal Antibodies for the Detection of Dehydroabietic Acid in Pulp Mill Effluents. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408007426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Volkman JK, Holdsworth DG, Richardson DE. Determination of resin acids by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography in paper mill effluent, river waters and sediments from the upper Derwent Estuary, Tasmania. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80555-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Hing-Biu L, Peart TE, Carron JM. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric determination of some resin and fatty acids in pulpmill effluents as their pentafluorobenzyl ester derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Taran M, Delmond B. Part. IV - Obtention de nouveaux squelettes diterpeniques tetracycliques lors d'isomerisation d'epoxydes-8,9 diterpeniques. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Franich RA, Holland PT. Mass spectra of benzylic hydroxydehydro-abietic acid methyl esters and their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210201111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Mayr M, Prantz E, Kratzl K. Gas chromatographic separation of diterpene acids modified with maleic anhydride and fumaric acid. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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21
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Gas chromatographic separation of diterpene acids on glass capillary columns of different polarity. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02670069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Ishigami M, Yamane K, Agawa T, Ohshiro Y, Ikeda I. Disproportionation of abietic acid: I. Iodine catalyzed reaction at low temperature. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02633308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ishigami
- Harima Chemicals, Inc.; Mizuashi 671-4, Noguchi, Kakogawa 675 Hyogo Japan
| | - K. Yamane
- Harima Chemicals, Inc.; Mizuashi 671-4, Noguchi, Kakogawa 675 Hyogo Japan
| | - T. Agawa
- ; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamadakami, Suita 565 Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Ohshiro
- ; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamadakami, Suita 565 Osaka Japan
| | - I. Ikeda
- ; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamadakami, Suita 565 Osaka Japan
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Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of resin acids in tall oil rosin. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02635015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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