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Analytical scale supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of nine tocochromanols in 24 different cold-pressed plant oils: Method development, validation, and isolation of tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Use of Natural Microtalcs during the Virgin Olive Oil Production Process to Increase Its Content in Antioxidant Compounds. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the olive oil production process, certain olive varieties, such as ‘Hojiblanca’ and ‘Picual’, create pastes from which it is difficult to separate the oil, resulting in low extraction yields. To improve oil extraction, one alternative is the addition of natural microtalcs (NMT). In the present study, a NMT of great purity (CaCO3 concentration less than 6 wt.%) and small average particle size (ϕ ≤ 2.1 µm) was added in the malaxation stage on an industrial scale at two olive mills. In one of them and using ‘Hojiblanca’ olives, the performance of the high-purity NMT was compared with that of a traditional NMT, while in the other, the effect of its dosage in the quality of ‘Picual’ oils was assessed. The performance of the high-purity NMT was evaluated in terms of industrial oil yield, extractability index, quality parameters and oxidative stability of the resulting oils. The addition of the high-purity NMT not only increased the extraction yields but also improved the quality of the virgin olive oils, especially in relation to antioxidant compounds (tocopherols and phenolic compounds). Increases of 10.4% in phenolic compounds and of 21.5% in the tocopherols were found, thus enhancing the oxidative stability of the oils.
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3
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Mohammed F, Guillaume D, Warland J, Abdulwali N. Analytical methods to detect adulteration of argan oil: A critical review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Mei F, Wang H, Zhang Y, Shi H, Jiang Y. Fast detection of adulteration of aromatic peanut oils based on alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol contents and ratio. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Zhang T, Wang T, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. Chemical characterization of fourteen kinds of novel edible oils: A comparative study using chemometrics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Saha S, Walia S, Sharma K, Banerjee K. Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2856-2873. [PMID: 31621391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1665494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C18 column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C18 phases, C30 phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C30 column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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7
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Meenu M, Cai Q, Xu B. A critical review on analytical techniques to detect adulteration of extra virgin olive oil. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Çelik SE, Asfoor A, Şenol O, Apak R. Screening Method for Argan Oil Adulteration with Vegetable Oils: An Online HPLC Assay with Postcolumn Detection Utilizing Chemometric Multidata Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8279-8289. [PMID: 31259549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on examining the tocopherol isomers (α-, γ-, and δ-) fingerprinting by online RP-HPLC analysis with post column detection using CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) methodology for argan oil authenticity. The proposed online assay was validated with good precision, reproducibility, and linearity. Sixteen argan oil samples (100% pure-certified and other commercial argan oils), possible adulterating vegetable oils (i.e., olive, sunflower, corn, and soya oils), and virgin argan oil blended with olive, sunflower, corn, and soya oils at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were analyzed. Spectrophotometric CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays were applied. Discrimination of fraudulent argan oils from virgin samples was performed by utilizing orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) regression modeling with good sensitivity and specificity. We suggested [γ-toc/α-toc] value as a new first screening adulteration factor (AF) that could be used to assess fraudulent argan oil samples. The distinct decrement in AF value was observed by the increase of adulteration rate. The AF values for virgin argan oils were ranged from 11.8 (lower limit) to 18.6 (upper limit). The presence of β-sitosterol detected in commercial argan oils (with AF values out of limit values) was evaluated as fraudulent which was in accordance with the proposed assay. Our method enabled the detection of argan oil samples at adulteration levels of >5% in the case of sunflower, olive, and soya oils, >15% in the case of corn oil. This method may be an alternative and specific assay for the authentication and quality detection of commercial argan oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Avcilar 34320 , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Adel Asfoor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Avcilar 34320 , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , 25240 , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Avcilar 34320 , Istanbul , Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) , Piyade Sokak No. 27 , 06690 Çankaya , Ankara , Turkey
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9
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Kim J, Yang S, Jo C, Choi J, Kwon K, Ahn S, Sook Chun H, Hee Kim B. Comparison of Carbon Stable Isotope and Fatty Acid Analyses for the Authentication of Perilla Oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong 17546Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Yang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety EvaluationMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyCheongju 28159Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon‐Ho Jo
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety EvaluationMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyCheongju 28159Republic of Korea
| | - Jang‐Duck Choi
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety EvaluationMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyCheongju 28159Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Kwon
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety EvaluationMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyCheongju 28159Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of ChemistryChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong 17546Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Republic of Korea
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10
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Yang Y, Lu D, Yin S, Yang D, Chen Y, Li Y, Sun C. A convenient ultrasound-assisted saponification for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E isomers in vegetable oil by HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1829-1838. [PMID: 29316227 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Public Health; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
| | - Shuo Yin
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Danni Yang
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yaling Chen
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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11
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Dou X, Mao J, Zhang L, Xie H, Chen L, Yu L, Ma F, Wang X, Zhang Q, Li P. Multispecies Adulteration Detection of Camellia Oil by Chemical Markers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020241. [PMID: 29370131 PMCID: PMC6017810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulteration of edible oils has attracted attention from more researchers and consumers in recent years. Complex multispecies adulteration is a commonly used strategy to mask the traditional adulteration detection methods. Most of the researchers were only concerned about single targeted adulterants, however, it was difficult to identify complex multispecies adulteration or untargeted adulterants. To detect adulteration of edible oil, identification of characteristic markers of adulterants was proposed to be an effective method, which could provide a solution for multispecies adulteration detection. In this study, a simple method of multispecies adulteration detection for camellia oil (adulterated with soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil) was developed by quantifying chemical markers including four isoflavones, trans-resveratrol and sinapic acid, which used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid phase extraction (SPE). In commercial camellia oil, only two of them were detected of daidzin with the average content of 0.06 ng/g while other markers were absent. The developed method was highly sensitive as the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.16 ng/mL and the mean recoveries ranged from 79.7% to 113.5%, indicating that this method was reliable to detect potential characteristic markers in edible oils. Six target compounds for pure camellia oils, soybean oils, peanut oils and rapeseed oils had been analyzed to get the results. The validation results indicated that this simple and rapid method was successfully employed to determine multispecies adulteration of camellia oil adulterated with soybean, peanut and rapeseed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Dou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Huali Xie
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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12
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Shahidi F, de Camargo AC. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Common and Emerging Dietary Sources: Occurrence, Applications, and Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1745. [PMID: 27775605 PMCID: PMC5085773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible oils are the major natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Plant foods with low lipid content usually have negligible quantities of tocols. However, seeds and other plant food processing by-products may serve as alternative sources of edible oils with considerable contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Tocopherols are among the most important lipid-soluble antioxidants in food as well as in human and animal tissues. Tocopherols are found in lipid-rich regions of cells (e.g., mitochondrial membranes), fat depots, and lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Their health benefits may also be explained by regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and modulation of cell functions. Potential health benefits of tocols include prevention of certain types of cancer, heart disease, and other chronic ailments. Although deficiencies of tocopherol are uncommon, a continuous intake from common and novel dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols is advantageous. Thus, this contribution will focus on the relevant literature on common and emerging edible oils as a source of tocols. Potential application and health effects as well as the impact of new cultivars as sources of edible oils and their processing discards are presented. Future trends and drawbacks are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil.
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13
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Mignogna R, Fratianni A, Niro S, Panfili G. Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis as a tool to discriminate different fat ingredients in bakery products. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Ahsan H, Ahad A, Siddiqui WA. A review of characterization of tocotrienols from plant oils and foods. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:45-59. [PMID: 25870713 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-014-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, are natural compounds found in a number of vegetable oils, wheat germ, barley and certain types of nuts and grains. Vegetable oils provide the best sources of these vitamin E forms, particularly palm oil and rice bran oil contain higher amounts of tocotrienols. Other sources of tocotrienols include grape fruit seed oil, oats, hazelnuts, maize, olive oil, buckthorn berry, rye, flax seed oil, poppy seed oil and sunflower oil. Tocotrienols are of four types, viz. alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) and delta (δ). Unlike tocopherols, tocotrienols are unsaturated and possess an isoprenoid side chain. A number of researchers have developed methods for the extraction, analysis, identification and quantification of different types of vitamin E compounds. This article constitutes an in-depth review of the chemistry and extraction of the unsaturated vitamin E derivatives, tocotrienols, from various sources using different methods. This review article lists the different techniques that are used in the characterization and purification of tocotrienols such as soxhlet and solid-liquid extractions, saponification method, chromatography (thin layer, column chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid, high performance), capillary electrochromatography and mass spectrometry. Some of the methods described were able to identify one form or type while others could analyse all the analogues of tocotrienol molecules. Hence, this article will be helpful in understanding the various methods used in the characterization of this lesser known vitamin E variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Amjid Ahad
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Waseem A Siddiqui
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062 India ; Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062 India
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16
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A quantitative study on the phenolic compound, tocopherol and fatty acid contents of monovarietal virgin olive oils produced in the southeast region of Brazil. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Wong YF, Makahleh A, Saad B, Ibrahim MNM, Rahim AA, Brosse N. UPLC method for the determination of vitamin E homologues and derivatives in vegetable oils, margarines and supplement capsules using pentafluorophenyl column. Talanta 2014; 130:299-306. [PMID: 25159413 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-), tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-), α-tocopherol acetate and α-tocopherol nicotinate is described. The separation was achieved using a Kinetex pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column (150 × 2.1mm, 2.6 µm) with both photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescence (FL) detectors that were connected in series. Column was thermostated at 42°C. Under a gradient system consisting of methanol and water at a constant flow rate of 0.38 mL min(-1), all the ten analytes were well separated in less than 9.5 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision and recoveries. Calibration curves of the ten compounds were well correlated (r(2)>0.999) within the range of 100 to 25,000 μg L(-1) for α-tocopherol acetate and α-tocopherol nicotinate, 10 to 25,000 μg L(-1) for α-tocotrienol and 5 to 25,000 μg L(-1) for the other components. The method is simple and sensitive with detection limits (S/N, 3) of 1.0 to 3.0 μg L(-1) (FL detection) and 30 to 74 μg L(-1) (PDA detection). Relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day retention times (<1%) and peak areas (≤ 4%) were obtained. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamin E in vegetable oils (extra virgin olive, virgin olive, pomace olive, blended virgin and refined olive, sunflower, soybean, palm olein, carotino, crude palm, walnut, rice bran and grape seed), margarines and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Foo Wong
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Makahleh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Afidah Abdul Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Nancy-Université, Bld des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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18
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Esslinger S, Riedl J, Fauhl-Hassek C. Potential and limitations of non-targeted fingerprinting for authentication of food in official control. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Aparicio R, Morales MT, Aparicio-Ruiz R, Tena N, García-González DL. Authenticity of olive oil: Mapping and comparing official methods and promising alternatives. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Monasterio RP, Fernández MDLÁ, Silva MF. Olive oil by capillary electrophoresis: characterization and genuineness. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4477-4496. [PMID: 23594110 DOI: 10.1021/jf400864q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, obtained from Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) fruits, is an important ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate olive oil analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE). This review covers a selection of the literature published on this topic over the past decade. The current state of the art of the topic is evaluated, with special emphasis on separation conditions, analysis purpose, and analytes investigated. CE has been used to characterize or to carry out authenticity studies. Particular attention has been focused on the botanical origin because high-quality monovarietal olive oils have been recently introduced on the markets and their quality control requires the development of new and powerful analytical tools as well as new regulations to avoid fraud. CE represents a good compromise between sample throughput, sample volume, satisfactory characterization, and sustainability for the analysis of target compounds present in olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina P Monasterio
- Instituto de Biologı́a Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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21
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Ghanbari R, Anwar F, Alkharfy KM, Gilani AH, Saari N. Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (Olea europaea L.)-a review. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3291-3340. [PMID: 22489153 PMCID: PMC3317714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a native of the Mediterranean basin and parts of Asia, is now widely cultivated in many other parts of the world for production of olive oil and table olives. Olive is a rich source of valuable nutrients and bioactives of medicinal and therapeutic interest. Olive fruit contains appreciable concentration, 1-3% of fresh pulp weight, of hydrophilic (phenolic acids, phenolic alchohols, flavonoids and secoiridoids) and lipophilic (cresols) phenolic compounds that are known to possess multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, cardiotonic, laxative, and antiplatelet. Other important compounds present in olive fruit are pectin, organic acids, and pigments. Virgin olive oil (VOO), extracted mechanically from the fruit, is also very popular for its nutritive and health-promoting potential, especially against cardiovascular disorders due to the presence of high levels of monounsaturates and other valuable minor components such as phenolics, phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophyll and squalene. The cultivar, area of production, harvest time, and the processing techniques employed are some of the factors shown to influence the composition of olive fruit and olive oil. This review focuses comprehensively on the nutrients and high-value bioactives profile as well as medicinal and functional aspects of different parts of olives and its byproducts. Various factors affecting the composition of this food commodity of medicinal value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Ghanbari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biologicaland Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; E-Mail:
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Li C, Yao Y, Zhao G, Cheng W, Liu H, Liu C, Shi Z, Chen Y, Wang S. Comparison and analysis of fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols in eight vegetable oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12493-12498. [PMID: 22054411 DOI: 10.1021/jf203760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The similarities and differences of eight vegetable oils produced in China were investigated in terms of their fatty acid, sterol, and tocopherol compositions and subsequent data processing by hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis. The lipid profiles, acquired by analytical techniques tailored to each lipid class, revealed great similarities among the fatty acid profiles of corn and sesame oil as well as few differences in their sterol profiles. It turns out that not only was there great similarity between the fatty acid profiles of corn oil and sesame oil but also there were not too many differences for the sterol profiles. Sunflower and tea-seed oil showed similar sterol compositions, while the tea-seed oil tocopherol was very similar to palm oil. The results demonstrated that the use of only one of these profiles was unreliable for indentifying oil origin and authenticity. In contrast, the use of the sterol or tocopherol profile together with the fatty acid profile more accurately discriminates these oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmo Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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Pinheiro-Sant'ana HM, Guinazi M, Oliveira DDS, Della Lucia CM, Reis BDL, Brandão SCC. Method for simultaneous analysis of eight vitamin E isomers in various foods by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8496-502. [PMID: 22014383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize a method to investigate the occurrence and to quantify the full isomeric composition of vitamin E (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols) in 6 vegetables (raw and cooked), 3 herbs/spices, raw and cooked eggs, vegetable oils (canola, olive and soybean), flaxseed and sorghum (flour and seeds) and soy (flour) by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Different conditions of extraction and analysis were tested. The optimized method consisted of direct extraction with solvent (hexane:ethyl acetate, 85:15, v/v). For analysis normal phase column was used with mobile phase consisting of hexane:isopropanol:acetic acid (98.9:0.6:0.5) with isocratic elution and fluorescence detection. Excellent separation of all isomers was obtained along with adequate quantification in the foods analyzed. Recovery rates of standards ranged from 91.3 to 99.4%. The linearity range for each isomer varied from 2.5 to 137.5 ng/mL (R² greater than 0.995 in all cases). Detection limits ranged from 21.0 to 48.0 ng/mL for tocopherols and from 56.0 to 67.0 ng/mL for tocotrienols, while quantification limits ranged from 105.0 to 240.0 ng/mL for tocopherols and from 280.0 to 335.0 ng/mL for tocotrienols. The optimized method was considered simple, fast and reliable, and also preserved vitamin E isomers when compared to validated methods involving saponification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Maria Pinheiro-Sant'ana
- Laboratory of Vitamins Analysis, Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG CEP 36561-000, Brazil
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24
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Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Papadoyannis IN. Development and validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids in cereals after solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Tocopherol speciation as first screening for the assessment of extra virgin olive oil quality by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Lerma-García MJ, Cerretani L, Herrero-Martínez JM, Bendini A, Simó-Alfonso EF. Methacrylate ester-based monolithic columns for nano-LC separation of tocopherols in vegetable oils. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2681-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Cheong JN, Tan CP. Palm‐based functional lipid nanodispersions: Preparation, characterization and stability evaluation. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ne Cheong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Detection of adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil by chemometric analysis of mid-infrared spectral data. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Lipid characteristics and essential minerals of native Turkish hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.). Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Corsini MS, Silva MG, Jorge N. Loss in tocopherols and oxidative stability during the frying of frozen cassava chips. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2008. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.095307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Sakouhi F, Harrabi S, Absalon C, Sbei K, Boukhchina S, Kallel H. α-Tocopherol and fatty acids contents of some Tunisian table olives (Olea europea L.): Changes in their composition during ripening and processing. Food Chem 2008; 108:833-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Lerma-García MJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Ramis-Ramos G, Herrero-Martínez JM. Determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils by CEC using methacrylate ester-based monolithic columns. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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35
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Gama P, Casal S, Oliveira B, Ferreira MA. DEVELOPMENT OF AN HPLC/DIODE-ARRAY/ FLUORIMETRIC DETECTOR METHOD FOR MONITORING TOCOPHEROLS AND TOCOTRIENOLS IN EDIBLE OILS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gama
- a Universidade do Porto , CEQUP / Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Aníbal Cunha, Porto, 4050-047, Portugal
| | - S. Casal
- a Universidade do Porto , CEQUP / Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Aníbal Cunha, Porto, 4050-047, Portugal
| | - B. Oliveira
- b Universidade do Porto , CEQUP / Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Aníbal Cunha, Porto, 4050-047, Portugal
| | - M. A. Ferreira
- a Universidade do Porto , CEQUP / Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Aníbal Cunha, Porto, 4050-047, Portugal
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36
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Spectrofluorometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate in virgin olive oil. J Food Compost Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Activity and thermal stability of antioxidants by differential scanning calorimetry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Alasalvar C, Amaral JS, Shahidi F. Functional lipid characteristics of Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:10177-83. [PMID: 17177557 DOI: 10.1021/jf061702w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The quality of crude oil extracted from Tombul (Round) hazelnut, grown in the Giresun province of Turkey, was evaluated for its fatty acid, triacylglycerol (TAG), tocol, and phytosterol compositions. Oleic acid contributed 82.78% to the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Among 12 TAGs separated, 11 were identified (including one unknown): LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL, POL, PPL, OOO, POO, PPO, SOO, and PSO (where P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl). The main components were OOO (71.31%), OOL (12.26%), and POO (9.45%), reflecting the high content of oleic acid present in hazelnut oil. Seven tocol isoforms (four tocopherols and three tocotrienols) and eight phytosterols as well as cholesterol were positively identified and quantified; among these, alpha-tocopherol (40.40 mg/100 g) and beta-sitosterol (134.05 mg/100 g) were predominant in hazelnut oil and contributed 78.74 and 81.28% to the total tocols and phytosterols present, respectively. Tocotrienols were detected in small amounts (1.02% to the total tocols). The crude hazelnut oil extracted from Turkish Tombul hazelnut, thus, serves as a good source of nutrients, bioactives, and health-promoting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesarettin Alasalvar
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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39
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Zahardis J, LaFranchi BW, Petrucci GA. Photoelectron resonance capture ionization mass spectrometry of fatty acids in olive oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Crews C, Hough P, Godward J, Brereton P, Lees M, Guiet S, Winkelmann W. Quantitation of the main constituents of some authentic grape-seed oils of different origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:6261-5. [PMID: 16910717 DOI: 10.1021/jf060338y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the composition of 30 grape-seed oils obtained from France, Italy, and Spain during 2002-2003. Oils were extracted from the seeds using small-scale industrial solvent extraction equipment and analyzed in their unrefined state using standard methods for fatty acids, fatty acids in the triacylglycerol 2-position, tocopherols and tocotrienols, triglycerides, sterols, steradienes, and iodine value. Values for the composition of the sterols, triglycerides, fatty acids, iodine value, and tocopherol composition were generally in good agreement with the results of previous similar surveys. Steradienes (stigmastadiene, campestadiene, stigmastatriene, and campestatriene) were detected in the oil and were probably formed from sterols during the extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Crews
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
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41
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Cunha SC, Amaral JS, Fernandes JO, Oliveira MBPP. Quantification of tocopherols and tocotrienols in portuguese olive oils using HPLC with three different detection systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:3351-6. [PMID: 16637695 DOI: 10.1021/jf053102n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three different HPLC detection systems were compared for the determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in olive oil: fluorescence and diode array connected in series, ultraviolet, and evaporative light scattering. The best results were obtained with the fluorescence detector, which was successfully applied in the quantification of tocopherols and tocotrienols in 18 samples of Portuguese olive oils. To support the validity of the method, the parameters evaluated were linearity, detection limits, repeatability, and recovery. All of the studied samples showed similar qualitative profiles with six identified compounds: alpha-T, beta-T, gamma-T, delta-T, alpha-T3, and gamma-T3. Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) was the main vitamin E isomer in all samples ranging from 93 to 260 mg/kg. The total tocopherols and tocotrienols ranged from 100 to 270 mg/kg. Geographic origin did not seem to influence the tocopherol and tocotrienol composition of the olive oils under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Cunha
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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42
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Romeu-Nadal M, Morera-Pons S, Castellote AI, López-Sabater MC. Determination of gamma- and alpha-tocopherols in human milk by a direct high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV-vis detection and comparison with evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:132-7. [PMID: 16574129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid direct method (Method I) for measuring gamma- and alpha-tocopherols in human milk was developed and validated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible (UV-vis) detection. Human milk, with an internal standard (alpha-tocopherol acetate) added, was diluted in hexane. The chromatographic system consisted of a short column (50 mm x 2.1mm I.D., 3 microm particle size) that allowed the separation of the gamma- and alpha-tocopherols in less than 6 min. The new direct method (Method I) was compared with other methods. Method II (saponification with ultraviolet/visible detection) determined 24% and 22% less gamma- and alpha-tocopherols, respectively. Method III (saponification with evaporative light scattering detection) gave the same values for alpha-tocopherol content as Method II. However, the amount of sample used in the application of Method III was higher than that used in Method II. Furthermore, Method I uses smaller amounts of solvents, and it is simpler and faster than Methods II or III. Only a small volume of sample is needed, which is an additional advantage for biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romeu-Nadal
- Department Nutrició i Bromatologia, Centre de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CeRTA), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Díaz TG, Durán-Merás I, Rodríguez Cáceres MI, Murillo BR. Comparison of different fluorimetric signals for the simultaneous multivariate determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:194-202. [PMID: 16542571 DOI: 10.1366/000370206776023449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the simultaneous determination of the quaternary mixture of tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-T) performed using fluorimetric techniques and partial least squares (PLS-1) multivariate analysis. In this study, PLS-1 was applied to matrices made up of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra (EEM) and with fluorescence excitation, emission, and synchronous spectra (EESM) of tocopherols dissolved in hexane: diethyl ether (70:30 v/v). A calibration set of 55 samples based in a central composite plus a full factorial plus a fractionated factorial design was constructed. When synthetic samples were analyzed, recoveries around 100% were obtained and detection limits were calculated using EEM and EESM. For the analysis of the oils, the samples, diluted in hexane, were cleaned in silica cartridges and tocopherols were eluted with hexane: diethyl ether (90:10 v/v). The developed method was applied to different edible oils. The results are satisfactory for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-, but they are worse for delta-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Galeano Díaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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44
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Szłyk E, Szydłowska-Czerniak A, Kowalczyk-Marzec A. NIR spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression for determination of natural alpha-tocopherol in vegetable oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:6980-7. [PMID: 16131099 DOI: 10.1021/jf050672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and partial least-square regression were used for determination of alpha-tocopherol in edible oils after extraction with ethanol. The standard error of calibration and the standard error of prediction were calculated for evaluation of the calibration models. The chemometric calibration model was prepared in spectral region 6500-4500 cm(-1) for standard alpha-tocopherol solutions (0.54-53.54 mg/mL). Obtained mean concentrations of natural alpha-tocopherol in different types of oils varied from 17.53 to 57.10 mg/100 g. Net analyte signal calculation was used to estimate detection limit (DL = 0.12 mg/mL), quantification limit (QL = 0.40 mg/mL), sensitivity (SEN = 0.045 mg/mL), and selectivity (SEL ranged between 0.24 and 0.54% of the measured reflectance signal) of the proposed NIR method. The comparable precision (RSD = 0.68-2.80% and 0.79-3.06%) and accuracy (recovery, 97.2-102.4% and 96.8-103.2%) for the proposed NIR and standard HPLC methods, demonstrate the benefit of the NIR method in the routine analysis of alpha-tocopherol in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Szłyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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45
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Mendonça CRB, Bica CID, Piatnicki CMS, Simó-Alfonso EF, Ramis-Ramos G. Characterization of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis with direct injection in an oil-miscible KOH/propanol/methanol medium. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3307-14. [PMID: 16097022 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The separation of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils, including synthetic antioxidants (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene), E-vitamers and other natural oil components, by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in an oil-miscible background electrolyte (BGE) was investigated. The BGE contained 40 mM KOH in a methanol/1-propanol (PrOH) mixture (15:85 v/v). The oil samples were 1:1 diluted with PrOH and directly injected in the capillary. Under negative polarity (cathode at the injection end), the anionic solutes moved faster than the electroosmotic flow, being well-resolved among them and from the triacylglycerols. Using virgin palm, extra virgin olive, wheat germ, virgin soybean and other oils, the capability of the procedure to quickly yield a characteristic profile of the biophenols present in the sample was demonstrated. The alpha-, (beta + gamma)- (as unresolved pair) and delta-tocopherols of a soybean oil sample were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R B Mendonça
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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46
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Crews C, Hough P, Godward J, Brereton P, Lees M, Guiet S, Winkelmann W. Study of the main constituents of some authentic hazelnut oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:4843-52. [PMID: 15941325 DOI: 10.1021/jf047836w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the composition of authentic hazelnut oils obtained from nuts collected from five countries that are major suppliers of hazelnut oil. Oils were analyzed using standard methods for fatty acids, fatty acids in the triacylglycerol 2-position, tocopherols and tocotrienols, triacylglycerols, sterols, steradienes, and iodine value. The results were generally in good agreement with those of other publications. Tocotrienols, previously unreported in hazelnut oil, were detected in one sample. There were no major differences in the composition of oils from different countries. Roasting the nuts prior to pressing had little effect on oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Crews
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
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47
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Beveridge THJ, Girard B, Kopp T, Drover JCG. Yield and composition of grape seed oils extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and petroleum ether: varietal effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:1799-1804. [PMID: 15740076 DOI: 10.1021/jf040295q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Grape seed has a well-known potential for production of oil as a byproduct of winemaking and is currently produced as a specialty oil byproduct of wine manufacture. Seed oils from eight varieties of grapes crushed for wine production in British Columbia were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCE) and petroleum ether (PE). Oil yields by SCE ranged from 5.85 +/- 0.33 to 13.6 +/- 0.46% (w/w), whereas PE yields ranged from 6.64 +/- 0.16 to 11.17 +/- 0.05% (+/- is standard deviation). The oils contained alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tocopherols and alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols, with gamma-tocotrienol being most important quantitatively. In both SCE- and PE-extracted oils, phytosterols were a prominent feature of the unsaponifiable fraction, with beta-sitosterol quantitatively most important with both extractants. Total phytosterol extraction was higher with SCE than with PE in seven of eight variety extractions. Fatty acid composition of oils from all varieties tested, and from both extraction methods, indicated linoleic acid as the major component ranging from 67.56 to 73.23% of the fatty acids present, in agreement with literature reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H J Beveridge
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H1Z0 Canada.
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Wu Z, Rodgers RP, Marshall AG. Characterization of vegetable oils: detailed compositional fingerprints derived from electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:5322-5328. [PMID: 15315364 DOI: 10.1021/jf049596q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adulteration of vegetable oil is of concern for both commercial and health reasons. Compositional based fingerprints can potentially reveal both the oil source and its possible adulteration. Here, electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) resolves and identifies literally thousands of distinct chemical components of commercial canola, olive, and soybean oils, without extraction or other wet chemical separation pretreatment. In negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS, the acidic components of soybean oil are easily distinguished from those of canola and olive oil based on relative abundances of C(18) fatty acids, whereas olive oil differs from canola and soybean oil based on relative abundances of tocopherols. In positive-ion ESI FT-ICR MS, the three oils are readily distinguished according to the relative abundances of di- and triacylglycerols with various numbers of double bonds in the fatty acid chains. We demonstrate the detection of soybean oil as an adulterant of olive oil, based on relative abundances of members of each of several chemical families. We suggest that the detailed chemical compositions of vegetable oils can be used to characterize them and to detect and identify adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, USA
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Sala Vila A, Castellote-Bargalló AI, Rodríguez-Palmero-Seuma M, López-Sabater MC. High-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection for the determination of phospholipid classes in human milk, infant formulas and phospholipid sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1008:73-80. [PMID: 12943251 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed and validated a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of phospholipid classes in human milk, infant formulas and phospholipidic sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) used in paediatric nutrition. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were separated in less than 25 min using an Extrasil silica column (150 x 4.0 mm I.D., 3-microm particle size) by isocratic elution with a mixture of isopropanol-hexane-water. Phospholipids were determined by an evaporative light-scattering detector. Several chromatographic conditions were assayed to optimise the method, whose suitability is shown by the detection limits, linearity ranges and precision rates obtained. The main advantages of the proposed method are its speed and the direct determination of the main phospholipids present in human milk, infant formulas and the phospholipid sources of LC-PUFAs used in paediatric nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sala Vila
- Dept. Nutrició i Bromatologia, Centre de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CeRTA), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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