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A combined procedure of supercritical fluid extraction and molecular distillation for the purification of alkylglycerols from shark liver oil. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Eller FJ, King JW. Supercritical fluid extraction of fat from ground beef: effects of water on gravimetric and GC-FAME fat determinations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:4609-4614. [PMID: 11599996 DOI: 10.1021/jf0103370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of fat from ground beef and the effects of several factors on the gravimetric determination of fat. The use of ethanol modifier with the SC-CO(2) was not necessary for efficient fat extraction; however, the ethanol did increase the coextraction of water. This coextraction of water caused a significant overestimation of gravimetric fat. Oven-drying ground beef samples prior to extraction inhibited the subsequent extraction of fat, whereas oven-drying the extract after collection decreased the subsequent gas chromatographic fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) fat determination. None of the drying agents tested were able to completely prevent the coextraction of water, and silica gel and molecular sieves inhibited the complete extraction of fat. Measurements of collection vial mass indicated that CO(2) extraction/collection causes an initial increase in mass due to the density of CO(2) (relative to displaced air) followed by a decrease in vial mass due to the removal of adsorbed water from the collection vial. Microwave-drying of the empty collection vials removes approximately 3 mg of adsorbed water, approximately 15-20 min is required for readsorption of the displaced water. For collection vials containing collected fat, microwave-drying effectively removed coextracted water, and the vials reached equilibration after approximately 10-15 min. Silanizing collection vials did not significantly affect weight loss during microwave-drying. SC-CO(2) can be used to accurately determine fat gravimetrically for ground beef, and the presented method can also be followed by GC-FAME analysis to provide specific fatty acid information as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Eller
- New Crops and Processing Technology Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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SATYANARAYANA A, GIRIDHAR N, JOSHI G, RAO D. ASCORBYL PALMITATE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT FOR DEEP FAT FRYING OF POTATO CHIPS IN PEANUT OIL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2000.tb00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Melton SL, Jafar S, Sykes D, Trigiano MK. Review of stability measurements for frying oils and fried food flavor. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02541345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Melton
- ; Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Tennessee; P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville TN 37901
| | - Sajida Jafar
- ; Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Tennessee; P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville TN 37901
| | - Danielle Sykes
- ; Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Tennessee; P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville TN 37901
| | - M. K. Trigiano
- ; Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Tennessee; P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville TN 37901
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Vijayalakshmi P, Subbarao R, Lakshminarayana G. Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21
Di- and C22
Tricarboxylic acids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02662335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Subbarao
- ; Regional Research Laboratory; CSIR; Hyderabad 500007 India
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Chromatographic studies on fatty acid dinners: Gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03022761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rao T, Kale V, Vijayalakshmi P, Gangadhar A, Subbarao R, Lakshminarayana G. Chromatographic methods for the determination of monomer, dimer and trimer fractions in dimer fatty acids. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sebedio JL, Grandgirard A. Cyclic fatty acids: natural sources, formation during heat treatment, synthesis and biological properties. Prog Lipid Res 1989; 28:303-36. [PMID: 2701896 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7827(89)90003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Sebedio
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments de l'Homme, Dijon, France
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Vijayalakshmi P, Subbarao R, Lakshminarayana G. Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters using decalin for hydrogen transfer. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02544515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Subbarao
- Regional Research Laboratory, CSIR; 500 007 Hyderabad India
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Super acid catalyzed dimerization of fatty acids derived from safflower oil and dehydrated castor oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02542534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paquette G, Kupranycz D, van de Voort F. The Mechanisms of Lipid Autoxidation II. Non Volatile Secondary Oxidation Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0315-5463(85)71916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haken J, Obita J. Analysis of resinous or fatty polyamides using gas and gel permeation chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pokorný J, Kundu MK, Pokorný S, Bleha M, Coupek J. Lipid oxidation. Part 4. Products of thermooxidative polymerization of vegetable oils. DIE NAHRUNG 1976; 20:157-63. [PMID: 986555 DOI: 10.1002/food.19760200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The thermal treatment of vegetable oils was studied by gel chromatography on packings of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Unlike oils with a lower content of polyene acids, those with a high content of polyene acids contained a larger amount of higher oligomers of fatty acids. The gel chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters from heated oils allowed the determination of the ratio of intra- and intermolecular bonds arising by polymerization reactions. The results of determination of the iodine value of products were correlated with the data obtained by gel chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Nelson
- ; General Mills Chemicals, Inc.; Minneapolis Minnesota 55413
| | - A. J. Milun
- ; General Mills Chemicals, Inc.; Minneapolis Minnesota 55413
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Franzke C, Noske HJ, Poth B. [Behavior of fat constitutents during refining. 8. Determination of polymeric fatty acids in rape seed oil and their behavior during refining]. DIE NAHRUNG 1975; 19:595-602. [PMID: 1152978 DOI: 10.1002/food.19750190710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Studies on rape-seed oil have shown that the determination of oxypolymers by means of the method according to Rost (determination of fatty acids insoluble in petroleum ether) yields unsatisfactory results. By way of contrast, the gravimetric determination (after isolation of the polymers via the non-urea adduct fatty acid methyl esters and thin-layer chromatographic separation), as proposed by the authors, permits to obtain results of good reproducibility and to determine thermopolymers and oxypolymers separately. 2. During the refining of rape-seed oil, it was observed that its polymer content decreased considerably on bleaching, and increased on deodorizing.
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Quantitative analysis of polymerized fatty acids using gel permeation chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02640528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Perkins EG, Wantland LR. Characterization of nonvolatile compounds formed during thermal oxidation of 1-linoleyl-2,3 distearin III. Evidence for presence of dimeric fatty acids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02639854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lang K. [Physiological effects of heated fats, with special reference to fats for frying]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1972; 11:177-99. [PMID: 4118422 DOI: 10.1007/bf02019645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Figge K. Dimeric fatty acid[1-14C]methyl esters. I. Mechanisms and products of thermal and oxidative-thermal reactions of unsaturated fatty acid esters - literature review. Chem Phys Lipids 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(71)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Den Otter IMJAM. The Dimerization of Oleic Acid with a Montmorillonite Catalyst I: Important Process Parameters; Some Main Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19700720809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lang K, von Jan EH, Henschel J. [Nutrition-physiological properties of fish-frying fats. I. Effects of frying on chemical composition and food-efficiency]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1969; 9:363-87. [PMID: 5391509 DOI: 10.1007/bf02021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zeman A, Scharmann H. Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung von dimeren Fettsäuren aus einem thermisch und oxydativ belasteten Bratfett. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19690711108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Evans CD, List GR, Dolev A, McConnell DG, Hoffmann RL. Pentane from thermal decomposition of lipoxidase-derived products. Lipids 1967; 2:432-4. [PMID: 17805706 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/1967] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of 13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid yields hydrocarbons as part of the scission products. Pentane is formed predominately and to the practical exclusion of all other short-chain hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Evans
- Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Illinois
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Sen Gupta AK. Radikalreaktionen bei der thermischen Behandlung von Ölsäure-methylester unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19660680609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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