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Coecke S, Rogiers V, Bayliss M, Castell J, Doehmer J, Fabre G, Fry J, Kern A, Westmoreland C. The Use of Long-term Hepatocyte Cultures for Detecting Induction of Drug Metabolising Enzymes: The Current Status. Altern Lab Anim 2014; 27:579-638. [PMID: 25487865 DOI: 10.1177/026119299902700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, metabolically competent in vitro systems have been reviewed, in the context of drug metabolising enzyme induction. Based on the experience of the scientists involved, a thorough survey of the literature on metabolically competent long-term culture models was performed. Following this, a prevalidation proposal for the use of the collagen gel sandwich hepatocyte culture system for drug metabolising enzyme induction was designed, focusing on the induction of the cytochrome P450 enzymes as the principal enzymes of interest. The ultimate goal of this prevalidation proposal is to provide industry and academia with a metabolically competent in vitro alternative for long-term studies. In an initial phase, the prevalidation study will be limited to the investigation of induction. However, proposals for other long-term applications of these systems should be forwarded to the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods for consideration. The prevalidation proposal deals with several issues, including: a) species; b) practical prevalidation methodology; c) enzyme inducers; and d) advantages of working with independent expert laboratories. Since it is preferable to include other alternative tests for drug metabolising enzyme induction, when such tests arise, it is recommended that they meet the same level of development as for the collagen gel sandwich long-term hepatocyte system. Those tests which do so should begin the prevalidation and validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Coecke
- ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra, Italy
| | - V Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Bayliss
- GlaxoWellcome Research and Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
| | - J Castell
- Unidad de Hepatologia Experimental, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avda de Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Doehmer
- Institut für Toxikologie und Umwelthygiene, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstrasse 62, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - G Fabre
- Preclinical Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi Recherche, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - J Fry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH
| | - A Kern
- Drug Metabolism and Isotope Chemistry, Bayer, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Westmoreland
- GlaxoWellcome Research and Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 ODP, UK
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Tiemann U, Pöhland R, Richter W, Wollenhaupt K. Influence of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPM) on gap junction-mediated intercellular communication of cultured bovine granulosa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2002; 16:129-39. [PMID: 11869875 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPM) is a by-product in the manufacture of technical grade DDT, which is known to alter properties and functions of the female reproductive system. We investigated whether in vitro TCPM has an influence on the function of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) and gap junction protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in cultured bovine granulosa cells. GJIC was assessed by fluorescent dye microinjection (dye-coupling). After a 1-h exposure to TCPM at a concentration of 32 microM, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in dye coupling occurred. The same result was obtained with o,p'-DDT. At a concentration of 32 microM both pesticides were cytotoxic as indicated by significant (P<0.05) increased propidium iodide staining of the cell nuclei. Little or no effect on the stainable pattern of connexons occurred after 1 h incubation time, while after 3 h treatment from 16 to 64 microM TCPM, a significant inhibition in the immunostaining resulted and the concentrations of 32 and 64 microM TCPM were cytotoxic for the granulosa cells. The freeze-fracture electron microscopy resulted in small differences in the morphology of gap junction plaques of cell cultures treated for 3 h with 8 or 16 microM TCPM in comparison to untreated cells. After treatment with 32 microM TCPM, gap junction plaques were very rarely detected and the lateral intramembraneous particles (IMP) distribution of many plasma membranes was strongly altered. Estimation of the cellular parameters may lead to an enhanced understanding of the mechanism of chemically induced toxicity by TCPM, that causes a general toxic effect on granulosa cells. We can conclude that TCPM is a toxic risk in the same manner as DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Tiemann
- Department of Reproductive Biology of the Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Effect of phenobarbital on 7-Ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase and microsomal epoxide hydrase activities in collagen gel cultures of rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 1997; 11:459-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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