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Grégis F. Assessing accuracy in measurement: The dilemma of safety versus precision in the adjustment of the fundamental physical constants. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2019; 74:42-55. [PMID: 31101160 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Grégis
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Humanities Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, laboratoire SPHERE UMR 7219, Bâtiment Condorcet, case 7093, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Abstract
Atomic energy levels, which represent the energy necessary to remove an electron in a given level from the atom, are used for a variety of purposes-from predicting possible interfering x-ray lines in analysis to serving as experimental values with which to compare the results of complicated computer calculations. X-ray wavelength data is essential to determine energy level differences but cannot be used to place the resulting level scheme on an absolute energy basis , X-ray absorption data can be so used but the results of photoelectron energy measurements are superior. Since there are a very large number of possible x-ray lines from a typical element, one can readily obtain many more energy differences than there are energy levels ; hence, to make the best use of the data available, a least squares fitting procedure is used to obtain the most probable value for each energy level,
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Mullen B, Muellerleile P, Bryant B. Cumulative Meta-Analysis: A Consideration of Indicators of Sufficiency and Stability. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01461672012711006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article considers the application of cumulative meta-analysis, defined as the procedure of performing a (new) meta-analysis at every point during the history of a research domain. Two distinct facets of cumulative knowledge are identified: sufficiency (“Are additional studies needed to establish the existence of the phenomenon?”) and stability (“Will additional studies change the aggregate picture of the phenomenon?”). These two facets of cumulative knowledge define the purpose of the present effort: How can we determine whether a cumulative meta-analytic database has achieved sufficiency and stability? The authors delineate indicators of sufficiency and stability that might be derived from cumulative meta-analyses and explore the use of these indicators in a set of previously published meta-analytic databases. Discussion explores both retrospective and prospective implications of this approach to cumulative knowledge and compares the implications of this approach to cumulative knowledge with alternative views of social psychology as history.
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Henins I, Bearden JA. Silicon-Crystal Determination of the Absolute Scale of X-Ray Wavelengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.135.a890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Spijkerman JJ, Bearden JA. Precision Evaluation of the High-Frequency Limit of the Continuous X-Ray Spectrum Using a Gas Target X-Ray Tube. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.134.a871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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