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Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R. Therapeutic strategies in Wilson disease: pathophysiology and mode of action. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:732. [PMID: 33987430 PMCID: PMC8106045 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease is a copper overload disease treatable with the chelators D-penicillamine and trientine to enhance urinary excretion or with zinc which predominantly inhibits absorption. By lifelong treatment a normal life expectancy and significant improvement of hepatic injury as well as neurologic manifestation is achievable. Here we evaluate the mode of action for effective therapy of Wilson disease. We postulate that there is no quantitative removal of copper from the liver possible. The therapeutic goal is the removal of toxic free copper (non-ceruloplasmin, but albumin bound copper). This is achievable by the induction of metallothionein which is accomplished by chelators and in particular by zinc. For control of therapy the option of a direct measurement of free copper would be preferable over the less reliable calculation of this fraction. A therapeutic challenge is still the full restoration of neurological deficits which can hardly be reached by the available chelators. Whether bis-choline-tetrathiomolybdate as intracellular copper chelator is an option has to be awaited. It is concluded that the goal of actual drug therapy in Wilson disease is the normalization of free copper in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Leng Y, Li P, Zhou L, Xiao L, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Qin F, Hao Q, Xu H, Yao S, Dong B. Long-Term Correction of Copper Metabolism in Wilson's Disease Mice with AAV8 Vector Delivering Truncated ATP7B. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 30:1494-1504. [PMID: 31668086 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene encoding a liver active copper transport enzyme. Gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying full-length ATP7B, which is about 4.4 kb, was shown to rescue copper metabolism disorder in WD mouse model. However, due to its relatively large size, the AAV vector containing full-length ATP7B could be oversized for its packaging capacity, which could lead to inefficient packaging. To this purpose, we engineered a truncated ATP7B mutant (tATP7B) that is about 3.3 kb in length and used for AAV gene therapy for WD mice. In vitro test showed that the excretion of copper outside the cells could be achieved with tATP7B as efficient as the full-length ATP7B. In vivo delivery of tATP7B to WD mice by AAV8 vectors corrected their copper metabolisms and significantly rescued copper accumulation-related syndromes, including reduced urinary copper excretion, increased serum ceruloplasmin, and improved liver damages. Thus, our study demonstrated that AAV gene therapy based on truncated ATP7B is a promising strategy in the treatment of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoyue Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengming Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Stability constants of bio-relevant, redox-active metals with amino acids: The challenges of weakly binding ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kang NL, Zhang JM, Liu YR, Lin S, Dong J, Jiang JJ, Zhu YY, Zeng DW. Novel predictive models using serum ceruloplasmin levels for hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:57-65. [PMID: 31076363 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the significance of serum ceruloplasmin (CP) to diagnosis hepatic steatosis (HS) in Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS A total of 360 CHB patients with HS (n = 136) or without HS (n = 224) were included. Relationships between CP and HS degrees were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. HS-predictive models including CP were constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and compared to other HS predicting indexes. RESULTS Serum CP were significantly higher in CHB patients with HS than in patients without HS (P < 0.001) and were positively correlated with HS degree (r = 0.487, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of using CP to predict HS (S ≥ 1), moderate and severe steatosis (S ≥ 2) and severe steatosis (S = 3) were 0.758, 0.794 and 0.883, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CP, age, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hemoglobin were independent predictors of HS, and CP, body mass index and HDL were independent predictors of moderate and severe HS. Two novel indexes for predicting HS of CHB patients were generated. The AUC of HSCHB-1 (for S ≥ 1) and HSCHB-2 (for S ≥ 2) were 0.881 and 0.916 in the training group, and 0.865 and 0.841 in the validation group, respectively. HSCHB-1 was superior to HS index (P < 0.001), fatty liver disease index (P = 0.0043) and steatosis index of patients with hepatitis B virus infection (P = 0.0029) in predicting HS in CHB patients. CONCLUSIONS HS of CHB patients was positively associated with serum CP. HSCHB-1 and HSCHB-2 with inclusion of CP are two novel models for predicting HS in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ling Kang
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jie-Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu-Rui Liu
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Su Lin
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jia-Ji Jiang
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yue-Yong Zhu
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Da-Wu Zeng
- Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong road, 350005 Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Zhu B, Zhi Q, Xie Q, Wu X, Gao Y, Chen X, Shi L. Reduced expression of ferroportin1 and ceruloplasmin predicts poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:52-59. [PMID: 31442954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron metabolism is tightly controlled in human cells. Dysregulation of iron metabolism-related genes has been characterized as a promising prognostic biomarker in cancers. However, the expression patterns and prognostic roles of iron metabolism-related genes remain unknown in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to explore the expression patterns and prognostic roles of iron metabolism-related genes in ACC using publicly available datasets. METHODS In the present study, we compared the expression patterns of 36 iron metabolism-related genes between ACC tumors (n = 77) and normal adrenal tissues (n = 128) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. The associations between clinical variables (including survival rate and pathological stage) and expression levels of iron mentalism-related genes were further explored. All the bioinformatics analyses were performed using the GEPIA or the Metascape tool. RESULTS Twelve iron metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed between ACC tumors and normal controls. Among them, reduced expression levels of ferroportin1 (FPN1) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were significantly correlated with poor survival of ACC patients. Specially, the expression levels of FPN1 were negatively correlated with the pathological stages of ACC. A pan-cancer analysis characterized the reduced expression of FPN1 and CP as an ACC-specific signature among 33 types of cancers. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that both FPN1 and CP might be implicated in several immune processes. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of FPN1 and CP was identified as a potential signature for poor prognosis of ACC in this study. Mechanisms underlying the prognostic value of FPN1 or CP in ACC deserve further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qi Zhi
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Makletsova MG, Rikhireva GT, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN. The Ceruloplasmin Transferrin Ratio in the Blood of Patients at Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917060148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Babaei F, Ramalingam R, Tavendale A, Liang Y, Yan LSK, Ajuh P, Cheng SH, Lam YW. Novel Blood Collection Method Allows Plasma Proteome Analysis from Single Zebrafish. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1580-90. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3009226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amy Tavendale
- Dundee Cell Products, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland,
U.K
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Leo So Kin Yan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Ajuh
- Dundee Cell Products, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland,
U.K
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhou FC, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Goodlett CR, Liang T, McClintick JN, Edenberg HJ, Li L. Alteration of gene expression by alcohol exposure at early neurulation. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:124. [PMID: 21338521 PMCID: PMC3056799 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that alcohol exposure at early neurulation induces growth retardation, neural tube abnormalities, and alteration of DNA methylation. To explore the global gene expression changes which may underline these developmental defects, microarray analyses were performed in a whole embryo mouse culture model that allows control over alcohol and embryonic variables. RESULT Alcohol caused teratogenesis in brain, heart, forelimb, and optic vesicle; a subset of the embryos also showed cranial neural tube defects. In microarray analysis (accession number GSM9545), adopting hypothesis-driven Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) informatics and intersection analysis of two independent experiments, we found that there was a collective reduction in expression of neural specification genes (neurogenin, Sox5, Bhlhe22), neural growth factor genes [Igf1, Efemp1, Klf10 (Tieg), and Edil3], and alteration of genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, histone variants, eye and heart development. There was also a reduction of retinol binding protein 1 (Rbp1), and de novo expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (Aldh1B1). Remarkably, four key hematopoiesis genes (glycophorin A, adducin 2, beta-2 microglobulin, and ceruloplasmin) were absent after alcohol treatment, and histone variant genes were reduced. The down-regulation of the neurospecification and the neurotrophic genes were further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, the gene expression profile demonstrated distinct subgroups which corresponded with two distinct alcohol-related neural tube phenotypes: an open (ALC-NTO) and a closed neural tube (ALC-NTC). Further, the epidermal growth factor signaling pathway and histone variants were specifically altered in ALC-NTO, and a greater number of neurotrophic/growth factor genes were down-regulated in the ALC-NTO than in the ALC-NTC embryos. CONCLUSION This study revealed a set of genes vulnerable to alcohol exposure and genes that were associated with neural tube defects during early neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng C Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Crisponi G, Nurchi VM, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Nemolato S, Faa G. Copper-related diseases: From chemistry to molecular pathology. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Antioxidant activity of sulfur and selenium: a review of reactive oxygen species scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009; 55:1-23. [PMID: 19548119 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of cellular damage and death and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Small-molecule antioxidants containing sulfur and selenium can ameliorate oxidative damage, and cells employ multiple antioxidant mechanisms to prevent this cellular damage. However, current research has focused mainly on clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies with little emphasis on the antioxidant mechanisms responsible for observed sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities. In addition, the antioxidant properties of sulfur compounds are commonly compared to selenium antioxidant properties; however, sulfur and selenium antioxidant activities can be quite distinct, with each utilizing different antioxidant mechanisms to prevent oxidative cellular damage. In the present review, we discuss the antioxidant activities of sulfur and selenium compounds, focusing on several antioxidant mechanisms, including ROS scavenging, glutathione peroxidase, and metal-binding antioxidant mechanisms. Findings of several recent clinical, epidemiological, and in vivo studies highlight the need for future studies that specifically focus on the chemical mechanisms of sulfur and selenium antioxidant behavior.
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Cellular multitasking: the dual role of human Cu-ATPases in cofactor delivery and intracellular copper balance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 476:22-32. [PMID: 18534184 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human copper-transporting ATPases (Cu-ATPases) are essential for dietary copper uptake, normal development and function of the CNS, and regulation of copper homeostasis in the body. In a cell, Cu-ATPases maintain the intracellular concentration of copper by transporting copper into intracellular exocytic vesicles. In addition, these P-type ATPases mediate delivery of copper to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway and in specialized cell compartments such as secretory granules or melanosomes. The multiple functions of human Cu-ATPase necessitate complex regulation of these transporters that is mediated through the presence of regulatory domains in their structure, posttranslational modification and intracellular trafficking, as well as interactions with the copper chaperone Atox1 and other regulatory molecules. In this review, we summarize the current information on the function and regulatory mechanisms acting on human Cu-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B. Brief comparison with the Cu-ATPase orthologs from other species is included.
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Murray KF, Lam D, Kowdley KV. Current and future therapy in haemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 4:2239-51. [PMID: 14640923 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.4.12.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There have been several new developments in the treatment of iron and copper overload disorders, such as haemochromatosis, thalassaemia and Wilson's disease. Clinical trials of orally administered iron chelators, both as monotherapy and in combination with deferoxamine, are in progress around the world. Several new chelators are now being introduced in clinical trials. Future therapies for iron overload may comprise of oral iron binding agents capable of preventing dietary iron absorption from the diet. The characterisation of specific iron transporters such as the divalent metallic transporter and ferroportin may hold promise for the development of 'smart' compounds capable of blocking iron transport. Several new agents are now available for the management of Wilson's disease, including trientine, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. This review, will discuss the pathogenesis, and current and future therapies for iron and copper overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Murray
- Hepatobiliary Program, Childrens Hospital and Regional Medical Center, and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Meng Y, Miyoshi I, Hirabayashi M, Su M, Mototani Y, Okamura T, Terada K, Ueda M, Enomoto K, Sugiyama T, Kasai N. Restoration of copper metabolism and rescue of hepatic abnormalities in LEC rats, an animal model of Wilson disease, by expression of human ATP7B gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1690:208-19. [PMID: 15511628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic abnormalities in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model of Wilson disease (WD), were restored by the expression of the human ATP7B cDNA under the control of CAG promoter. Expression of ATP7B transcript and protein in the liver of the transgenic rats resulted in the restoration of biosynthesis of holoceruloplasmin and biliary copper excretion. Meanwhile, transgenic rats showed striking improvements in their hepatic abnormalities, i.e., rescue from fulminant hepatitis, late onset of hepatic cholangiofibrosis, suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and much improved survival rates. Moreover, dramatic decreases were noted both in the levels of hepatic copper and iron in transgenic rats before the occurrence of hepatitis. These results indicated that the human ATP7B product compensated for the deficiency of the endogenous rattus protein and did function in intrahepatic copper transport by secreting copper into the plasma via incorporation into ceruloplasmin and by the excretion of copper into the bile, and that ATP7B is critical to hepatic dysfunctions in WD. This first successful transgenic rescue has important implications for the gene therapy of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Hou GQ, Liang XL, Chen R, Tang LW, Wang Y, Xu PY, Zhang YR, Ou CH. Copper transportion of WD protein in hepatocytes from Wilson disease patients in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:846-51. [PMID: 11854914 PMCID: PMC4695607 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i6.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2001] [Revised: 09/19/2001] [Accepted: 09/28/2001] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of copper transporting P-type ATPase in copper metabolism of hepatocyte and pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD). METHODS WD copper transporting properties in some organelles of the cultured hepatocytes were studied from WD patients and normal controls.These cultured hepatocytes were incubated in the media of copper 15 mg x L(-1) only, copper 15 mg x L(-1) with vincristine (agonist of P-type ATPase) 0.5mg x L(-1), or copper 15 mg x L(-1) with vanadate (antagonist of P-type ATPase) 18.39 mg x L(-1) separately. Microsome (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), lysosome, mitochondria, and cytosol were isolated by differential centrifugation. Copper contents in these organelles were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the influence in copper transportion of these organelles by vanadate and vincristine were comparatively analyzed between WD patients and controls. WD copper transporting P-type ATPase was detected by SDS-PAGE in conjunction with Western blot in liver samples of WD patients and controls. RESULTS The specific WD proteins (M(r)155,000 lanes) were expressed in human hepatocytes, including the control and WD patients. After incubation with medium containing copper for 2 h or 24 h, the microsome copper concentration in WD patients was obviously lower than that of controls, and the addition of vanadate or vincristine would change the copper transporting of microsomes obviously. When incubated with vincristine, levels of copper in microsome were significantly increased, while incubated with vanadate, the copper concentrations in microsome were obviously decreased. The results indicated that there were WD proteins, the copper transportion P-type ATPase in the microsome of hepatocytes. WD patients possessed abnormal copper transporting function of WD protein in the microsome, and the agonist might correct the defect of copper transportion by promoting the activity of copper transportion P-type ATPase. CONCLUSION Copper transportion P-type ATPase plays an important role in hepatocytic copper metabolism. Dysfunction of hepatocytic WD protein copper transportion might be one of the most important factors for WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangdong Province, China.
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