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Sharif-Nia H, Sivarajan Froelicher E, She L, Jafari-Koulaee A, Hejazi S, Mosazadeh H, Goudarzian AH, Hasan Nejad G. The Persian version of the body esteem scale among Iranian adolescents: a translation, psychometrics, and network analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1296498. [PMID: 38348261 PMCID: PMC10860400 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The psychometric properties of the body esteem scale have not been assessed in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the body esteem scale among Iranian adolescents. Methods The sample of this methodological study consisted of 504 adolescents [mean age: 16.55 (SD = 1.54) years] living in Tehran City, Iran. After translation of the scale, its content validity (quantitative and qualitative) and structural (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated. Exploratory graph analysis was performed to determine the number of factors. Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and maximal reliability were calculated. Results In the content validity evaluation step, all items had acceptable scores and were retained. The results of exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation and exploratory graph analysis extracted three factors accounting for 49.49% of the variance, comprising 18 items. Furthermore, after necessary modifications during CFA, the final model was approved. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha, CR, and MaxR for all constructs were greater than 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct reliability. Conclusion According to the results, the Persian version of the body esteem scale has a valid structure and acceptable reliability. Health professionals, in many ways, can use this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif-Nia
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Long She
- Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Sima Hejazi
- Bojnurd Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hasan Mosazadeh
- Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University of Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Amir Hossein Goudarzian
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Ghaem Hasan Nejad
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
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Wang C, Shi H, Li G. Helicopter parenting and college student depression: the mediating effect of physical self-esteem. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1329248. [PMID: 38264635 PMCID: PMC10803400 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1329248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most common and prevalent mental disorders, and college students are a high-risk group for depression. Helicopter parenting plays an important role in depression, but the mechanism is still ambiguous. Therefore, this study investigates the specific impact and mechanism of helicopter parenting on college students' depression. Methods Employing a questionnaire-based approach, we assessed the relationship between helicopter parenting, Physical self-esteem, and depression. The questionnaire comprised three scales: the Helicopter Parenting Scale, Physical Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. The study sample included 539 university (average age 18.84 ± 1.1 years; 184 males and 355 females). Results Helicopter parenting demonstrated significant negative predict with physical self-esteem (β = -0.75, p < 0.001), and positive predict depression (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). Helicopter parenting impacts depression among college students through two channels: solely via physical self-esteem (mediating effect value: 0.66), and through direct influence (effect value: 0.64). Conclusion The insights from this study address the two pivotal questions about "why" and "how" helicopter parenting influences depression in college students, offering recommendations for managing depressive moods among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolian Wang
- Center for Textbook Compilation and Translation of Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Geng Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Implicit and explicit anti-fat bias among Asian females. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:457-465. [PMID: 27206424 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not only associated with an increased risk of numerous health problems, but also with high rates of stigmatization and weight-related bias. Anti-fat attitudes have been shown to be prevalent in Western samples; however, there is a lack of studies investigating both implicit and explicit anti-fat bias in Asian populations. There is also limited research investigating the relationship between anti-fat attitudes and weight-related behavioral intentions. Thus, this study aimed to examine anti-fat bias and its effect on behavioral intentions using three types of measures-implicit, explicit, and a revised behavioral intention measure-in a sample of 104 Asian females in Singapore. Significant differences were found between implicit and explicit bias: on average, participants exhibited strong implicit but no explicit anti-fat bias (p < 0.001). Furthermore, only implicit anti-fat bias was found to be a significant predictor of behavioral intentions (p < 0.05), after accounting for body mass index, and sociodemographic variables. In conclusion, the present study revealed that implicit anti-fat bias is present among Asian females and is a valid predictor of weight-related behavioral intentions. However, anti-fat bias is often not expressed explicitly, possibly influenced by collectivistic beliefs. More studies are needed to better understand similarities and differences between Asian and Western populations regarding attitudes toward overweight and obese individuals.
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Huang CC, Yabiku ST, Ayers SL, Kronenfeld JJ. The obesity pay gap: gender, body size, and wage inequalities—a longitudinal study of Chinese adults, 1991–2011. JOURNAL OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12546-016-9170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zheng X, Diaz I, Tang N, Tang K. Job insecurity and job satisfaction. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-10-2013-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine optimism and how facets of subordinates’ psychological characteristics, such as their attitudes and personalities, are similar to their direct supervisors’ (as person-supervisor deep-level similarity or P-S deep-level similarity) in order to understand their interactions with job insecurity in predicting employee job satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach
– Empirical study had been conducted. Sample firms in this study consist of eight state-run electric power companies and 16 licensed chemical companies in central Hubei Province in China. In total, 368 valid samples were included in the analyses (with a valid return rate of 73 percent). All constructs were rated on a five-point Likert-type response scale. In order to diminish the possibility of common method biases, the authors used participants’ dyad supervisors to rate P-S deep-level similarity and P-S guanxi. The authors tested the hypotheses by implementing hierarchical linear regression.
Findings
– The results show that when certain demographic variables (e.g. age, gender, education, post, employment type, income proportion, position) and P-S guanxi are controlled, optimism and P-S deep-level similarity significantly interact with job insecurity to predict job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is bolstered when job security increases among those who report a high level of both optimism and P-S deep-level similarity.
Originality/value
– Researchers have found that job insecurity has negative effects on job satisfaction (Sverke et al., 2002). But there is a lack of understanding about the mechanism of how job insecurity affects job satisfaction. In this study, the authors found that optimism and P-S deep level similarity could jointly moderate the relation (and direction) between job insecurity and job satisfaction. The work illustrates how positive traits (such as optimism) and psychological factors (such as P-S deep-level similarity) could affect employee job satisfaction with different levels of job insecurity.
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Cardenal V, Fierro A. Componentes y correlatos del autoconcepto en la escala de Piers-Harris. STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1174/021093903321329094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhang KC. What I look like: college women, body image, and spirituality. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2013; 52:1240-1252. [PMID: 22258734 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite public acknowledgment of the importance of spiritual development, little has been written globally on female young adults' personal views of their spiritual values and body image. This article briefly presents the findings of a pilot study that explored female college students' reflections on body image and spirituality. Responses from participants showed that (1) many students are interested in faith and spiritual development; (2) body dissatisfaction affects those women who viewed themselves as spiritual (92%) as well as those who said they were free thinkers (49%). Nevertheless, religion and spiritual values seemed to confer some behavioral protection. Implications for educational programs that will address the spiritual dimension of learning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chen Zhang
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR,
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Mellor D, Waterhouse M, Mamat NHB, Xu X, Cochrane J, McCabe M, Ricciardelli L. Which body features are associated with female adolescents' body dissatisfaction? A cross-cultural study in Australia, China and Malaysia. Body Image 2013; 10:54-61. [PMID: 23228484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated how dissatisfaction with various aspects of the body is associated with overall body dissatisfaction among female adolescents in Western and Asian cultures. Data used in the study were obtained from 58 Malaysian Malays, 95 Malaysian Chinese, 242 Chinese from China, and 81 non-Asian Australians aged 12-19 years (M=15.72, SD=1.72) who were recruited from high schools. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing dissatisfaction with their body overall, and dissatisfaction with varying aspects of their body. Malaysian Chinese were the most dissatisfied with their bodies. After controlling for body mass index (BMI), age and dissatisfaction with weight/shape, upper, middle and lower body, and muscles, dissatisfaction with the face was positively correlated with overall body dissatisfaction among Malaysian Malays and Australians. These findings demonstrate the importance of using assessment measures that address all possible areas of body focus as well as being tailored to the relevant culture.
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Cardoso FL, Sacomori C, Sperandio FF, Krüger AP. Satisfação corporal em acadêmicos de Educação Física: proposta de um questionário. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742012000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A satisfação corporal pode ser dimensionada em: imagem corporal, satisfação com o peso e catexia corporal. Avaliou-se a satisfação corporal de 302 acadêmicos de Educação Física e sugeriu-se um questionário. Os estudantes se consideraram de médio a muito satisfeitos com seus corpos. Os homens apresentaram maiores médias para: "quanto acha seu corpo proporcional" e "quanto está satisfeito com seu corpo". Já as mulheres para: "quanto olha seu corpo no espelho", "quanto toca o corpo de forma geral", "quanto percebe que os outros acham sexy" e "quanto gostaria de ser mais magra". A análise fatorial confirmou o modelo e obteve-se α=,757.
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Page RM, Ihász F, Uvacsek M, Kalabiska I, Johnson E, Hantiu I, Klarova R, Simonek J. Self-perception of body weight, weight management practices and goals, and other weight-related factors in central and eastern European adolescents. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2008; 27:39-58. [PMID: 18039628 DOI: 10.2190/iq.27.1.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-perception of body weight, management practices and goals, and other weight-related factors were assessed among a sample of 2,566 adolescents from 30 high schools in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Ukraine, and Poland. Students who perceived themselves as much too fat were more likely than those with other weight perceptions to engage in weight management practices to lose weight, have higher body mass index, rate themselves lower on physical attractiveness, and estimate higher percentages of their same-sex friends as trying to lose weight. Similar to other research, boys and girls differed on self-perception of weight and other weight-related factors. Cross-cultural comparisons between central and eastern European adolescents and U.S. adolescents, as well as east and southeast Asian youth are made. Implications for health education practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy M Page
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84604, USA.
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Killoran M, Moyer A. Surgical treatment preferences in Chinese-American women with early-stage breast cancer. Psychooncology 2007; 15:969-84. [PMID: 16470910 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breast-conserving treatment (BCT) is considered preferable to radical or modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for most women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. Studies have found that Chinese-American women are more likely to be treated with MRM, regardless of age or stage of disease. The central question posed in this study is: what are the cultural factors that influence the selection of treatments by Chinese-American patients and the presentation of treatment options by providers? Focused group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic observations were conducted with 69 Chinese-American women and 14 health professionals. Results indicated that (1) many Chinese-American women, regardless of age, migration status, education, and income level, expressed a preference for MRM because it was seen as safer; (2) this was primarily a communal belief that even women who had BCT felt pressure to conform to; (3) some women felt pressured into the BCT decision by their physician and/or were unhappy with their choice; (4) patient and physician bias and difficulties with translation issues and supplemental materials all led to cross-cultural miscommunication; and (5) this miscommunication was cited as a reason for (a) not completing treatment regimes or (b) drastic changes in the treatment selected.
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Swami V, Smith J, Tsiokris A, Georgiades C, Sangareau Y, Tovée MJ, Furnham A. Male Physical Attractiveness in Britain and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Study. The Journal of Social Psychology 2007; 147:15-26. [PMID: 17345919 DOI: 10.3200/socp.147.1.15-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The waist-to-chest ratio (WCR), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are the major cues to women's ratings of men's bodily attractiveness (J. T. Fan, W. Dai, F. Liu, & J. Wu, 2005; D. M. Maisey, E. L. E. Vale, P. L. Cornelissen, & M. J. Tovée, 1999; V. Swami & M. J. Tovée, 2005b). The authors examined the relative importance of each of these cues cross-culturally in Greece and Britain. Participants were 36 British and 40 Greek women who rated a set of images of real men with known WCR, BMI, and WHR. The results showed that, regardless of the cultural setting, WCR was the primary determinant of men's physical attractiveness to women, with BMI playing a minor role. However, there were also cross-cultural differences: The Greek women showed a stronger preference for a lower WCR and smaller overall body weight than did the British women. The authors considered possible explanations of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University College London.
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15
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Chan CKY, Glynn Owens R. Perfectionism and eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese immigrants: Mediating and moderating effects of ethnic identity and acculturation. Psychol Health 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/14768320500105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Resilience in Young Adulthood: The Moderating Influences of Gender-related Personality Traits and Coping Flexibility. SEX ROLES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Swami V, Tovée MJ. Male physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A cross-cultural study. Body Image 2005; 2:383-93. [PMID: 18089203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three purported cues to perceived male physical attractiveness are the waist-to-chest ratio (WCR), body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). This study examined the relative contribution of each cue in several socio-economically distinct populations. Ninety-five female participants from Britain and Malaysia were asked to rate a set of images of real men with known WCR, BMI and WHR. The results showed clear differences along a gradient of socio-economic development. In urban settings, WCR was the primary component of attractiveness ratings, with BMI playing a smaller role and WHR not reaching significance. In the rural setting, BMI was the primary predictor of attractiveness, with WCR playing a more minor role and WHR not reaching significance. In general, urban participants were more reliant on body shape and chose a relatively slim figure with an 'inverted triangle' shape; rural participants were more reliant on body weight and chose a heavier figure with a less triangular shape. These findings are discussed in terms of evolutionary psychological explanations of mate selection and sociological theories that emphasise the effect of resource scarcity on preferences for body shapes and sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University College of London, 26, Bedford Way, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Cummins LH, Simmons AM, Zane NWS. Eating disorders in Asian populations: a critique of current approaches to the study of culture, ethnicity, and eating disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2005; 75:553-74. [PMID: 16262514 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that eating disorders are present among ethnically diverse populations, and researchers have suggested that investigations in this area may inform the field's understanding of how sociocultural factors are related to the development of eating disorders. Although it is generally accepted that sociocultural factors are key in eating disorder etiology, knowledge on how best to study these influences in diverse groups is still limited. In this article, the authors review how the research literature has explored relationships among culture, ethnicity, and eating disorders in Asian populations and critically examine strategies that have been used to investigate these issues across 1 ethnic/racial group. The methodological challenges encountered in these approaches are identified and considered in the provision of recommendations for future endeavors to improve the field's understanding of how culture is related to eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Huang Cummins
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, CA 94133, USA.
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Ambrosi-Randić N, Tokuda K. Perceptions of body image among Japanese and Croatian children of preschool age. Percept Mot Skills 2004; 98:473-8. [PMID: 15141912 DOI: 10.2466/pms.98.2.473-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the differences in current and ideal body size among 108 Japanese and 129 Croatian preschool children (M=4.9 yr.). Boys and girls in both samples showed similarities by selecting the figure representing their current body size. Significant sex differences were found in selection of an ideal figure in the Japanese sample but not in the Croatian group. Japanese girls showed greater preference for a thinner figure than boys. In selection of an ideal body size significant cultural differences were found only for boys: Japanese boys preferred thinner figures. Results relating to body discrepancy (Current minus Ideal figures) indicated that there were fewer satisfied Japanese girls than Croatian girls whereas for the boys, a significantly larger number of Japanese than Croatian boys wished to be heavier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neala Ambrosi-Randić
- Faculty of Philosophy Pula, University of Rijeka, I. M. Ronjgova 1, 52100 Pula, Croatia.
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Morrison TG, Morrison MA, Hopkins C. Striving for bodily perfection? An exploration of the drive for muscularity in Canadian men. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2003. [DOI: 10.1037/1524-9220.4.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fung MSC, Yuen M. Body image and eating attitudes among adolescent Chinese girls in Hong Kong. Percept Mot Skills 2003; 96:57-66. [PMID: 12705511 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the relation between body image and eating attitudes among adolescent girls in Hong Kong. A sample of 358 senior secondary school girls completed the measures assessing body-part satisfaction and behaviors associated with eating. Analysis indicated that even though only 4.8% of the girls were overweight, 85.16% desired to weigh less. These Chinese teenage girls were concerned about their weight, and the desire for slimness was widespread. Correlations indicated that higher Body Mass Index was associated with lower satisfaction with weight. Lower scores on weight satisfaction were associated with higher scores on attitudes of dieting and food preoccupation.
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Benjet C, Hernández-Guzmán L. A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Change, Gender, and Psychological Well-Being of Mexican Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2002. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1020259019866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Furnham A, Badmin N, Sneade I. Body image dissatisfaction: gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2002; 136:581-96. [PMID: 12523447 DOI: 10.1080/00223980209604820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred and thirty-five adolescents completed a questionnaire on the subject of eating attitudes, self-esteem, reasons for exercise, and their ideal versus current body size and shape. As predicted, boys were as likely to want to be heavier as lighter, whereas very few girls desired to be heavier. Only girls associated body dissatisfaction with the concept of self-esteem. Male self-esteem was not affected by body dissatisfaction. Specific reasons for exercise were found to correlate with low self-esteem and disordered eating, regardless of sex. The results are discussed in relation to burgeoning published research in this area.
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Davis C, Katzman MA. Perfection as acculturation: psychological correlates of eating problems in Chinese male and female students living in the United States. Int J Eat Disord 1999; 25:65-70. [PMID: 9924654 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199901)25:1<65::aid-eat8>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between acculturation, self-esteem, depression, and characteristics associated with eating disorders among Chinese university students in the United States. METHOD A self-report questionnaire which included an acculturation scale (SL-ASIA), Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression (CES-D), Index of Self Esteem (ISE), and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) was administered to 197 Chinese university students in the United States (93 females and 104 males). RESULTS Highly acculturated females reported significantly higher EDI total scores, more maturity fears, and a greater sense of ineffectiveness. Males who were less acculturated also reported high ineffectiveness while high male scores on acculturation were associated with greater perfectionism. Overall, females reported more body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, and respondents with high acculturation reported more perfectionism and interoceptive awareness. DISCUSSION The impact of perfecting onself or one's body as a means of acculturating is discussed along with potential gender differences in perceived efficacy in a new culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Davis
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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