Beneficial effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate infusion on liver regeneration after ischemic liver injury

A subchronic intravenous toxicity study of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate in beagle dogs

Magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a novel agent of antimyocardial ischaemia. In the present study, the subchronic toxicity of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate was investigated after 13-week repeated intravenous administration in beagle dogs. The animals received doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day (three males and three females for each dose). During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, electrocardiogram, urinalysis, haematology, clinical biochemistry, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathology were examined. The administration of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate resulted in increased incidence of clinical signs, including salivation and emesis. These effects were transient and were noted in almost all dogs given 300 mg/kg/day and occasionally noted in the 150 mg/kg/day dose-treated animals. Serum magnesium in the 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day dose-treated animals was significantly increased after 6- and 13-week administration, but recovered at the end of a 2-week recovery period. At 6 weeks, a statistically significant decrease in serum electrolytes, including sodium and potassium, was observed in the treatment groups. There were no other treatment-related findings. Under the conditions of the present study, magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate did not show any evidence of target organ toxicity. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for 13-week intravenous administration of magnesium fructose-1,6-diphosphate to beagle dogs was considered 75 mg/kg/day based on observations of clinical signs and serum electrolytes.

Effect of normothermic perfusion using fructose-1,6-bisphosphate for maintenance of liver function during in situ extended hepatectomy by the total hepatic vascular exclusion technique

BACKGROUND

Recently, hepatic surgery has made remarkable progress, and it is important to use appropriate liver perfusion. We evaluated the effect of normothermic liver perfusion with the addition of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate (FBP) and oxygenation to maintain liver parenchymal, non-parenchymal, and Kupffer cell function.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The rats were divided into five groups according to the perfusate and continuous perfusion was performed: Control group = 4 degrees C lactate Ringer with 10% glucose (LRG) solution; normothermic group = 25 degrees C LRG solution; normothermic oxygenated group = 25 degrees C oxygenated LRG solution; normothermic FBP group = 25 degrees C LRG solution with addition of 10 mmol/L FBP; normothermic oxygenated FBP group = 25 degrees C oxygenated LRG solution with addition of 10 mmol/L FBP. Parameters under evaluation were oxygen consumption, liver energy level (adenosine triphosphate, total adenine nucleotide), glutathione, lipid peroxide, hyaluronic acid uptake ratio, apoptosis, and histomorphology. Moreover, we studied the effect of FBP and normothermia on Kupffer cells activation in vitro.

RESULTS

Liver energy level was lower in the normothermic group than the control group. But, it was improved by oxidation or addition of FBP, and it was satisfactorily maintained up to 120 min in the group with normothermic oxygenated FBP. Hyaluronic acid uptake was maintained highly at all times as measured in normothermic oxygenated FBP group. The uptake of lipopolysaccharide was significantly higher as a result of adding FBP, compared with that in the control group and the normothermic group. Moreover, the apoptotic index in the liver was decreased in normothermic FBP group compared to control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The normothermic liver perfusion under additional FBP and oxygenation protects both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells from reperfusion injury.

Storage solution containing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate inhibits the excess activation of Kupffer cells in cold liver preservation

BACKGROUND

In liver transplantation, the activation of Kupffer cells at the time of cold preservation and reperfusion is considered to play an important role. In the present study, the usefulness of cold storage solution containing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) was compared with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in the function of Kupffer cells.

METHODS

Kupffer cells were separated from rat liver stored at 4 degrees C in each storage solution. Four kinds of storage solutions were used: UW, simplified UW without FBP (0-FBP), and solutions with 10 or 20 mM FBP (10-FBP, 20-FBP). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) labeled by fluorescein was loaded after 12 or 24 hr of cold preservation in each solution. The rates of cells uptaking LPS as phagocytic ability were measured using flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the supernatant.

RESULTS

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha values in the 20-FBP group were significantly lower than those in the UW group. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant values at 60 min after loading LPS were significantly lower in the 20-FBP group than in the UW group. NO values at 24 hr after loading LPS were significantly lower in the 20-FBP group compared with the UW group. The 20-FBP group was highest in the rates of cells uptaking LPS after 24-hr cold preservation.

CONCLUSIONS

The storage solution containing FBP controlled the secretion of cytokines and NO from Kupffer cells and maintained phagocytic ability. This solution was considered to be more useful than UW solution for Kupffer cell protection.