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Kaushik S, Thungon PD, Goswami P. Silk Fibroin: An Emerging Biocompatible Material for Application of Enzymes and Whole Cells in Bioelectronics and Bioanalytical Sciences. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4337-4355. [PMID: 33455178 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and whole cells serve as the active biological entities in a myriad of applications including bioprocesses, bioanalytics, and bioelectronics. Conserving the natural activity of these functional biological entities during their prolonged use is one of the major goals for validating their practical applications. Silk fibroin (SF) has emerged as a biocompatible material to interface with enzymes as well as whole cells. These biomaterials can be tailored both physically and chemically to create excellent scaffolds of different forms such as fibers, films, and powder for immobilization and stabilization of enzymes. The secondary structures of the SF-protein can be attuned to generate hydrophobic/hydrophilic pockets suitable to create the biocompatible microenvironments. The fibrous nature of the SF protein with a dominant hydrophobic property may also serve as an excellent support for promoting cellular adhesion and growth. This review compiles and discusses the recent literature on the application of SF as a biocompatible material at the interface of enzymes and cells in various fields, including the emerging area of bioelectronics and bioanalytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbani Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201, United States
| | - Phurpa Dema Thungon
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Silk protein hydrolysate increases glucose uptake through up-regulation of GLUT 4 and reduces the expression of leptin in 3T3-L1 fibroblast. Nutr Res 2011; 31:937-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jung EY, Lee HS, Lee HJ, Kim JM, Lee KW, Suh HJ. Feeding silk protein hydrolysates to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice improves blood glucose and lipid profiles. Nutr Res 2011; 30:783-90. [PMID: 21130298 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis for the research is that hydrolyzed silk protein has an antidiabetic effect by reducing plasma glucose levels. To investigate this potential antidiabetic activity of hydrolyzed silk protein by protease-N (silk protein hydrolysate E5K6) in vivo, male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were separated into 3 groups: control group, db/db mice treated with vehicle (distilled water); SP-1 group, db/db mice treated with silk protein hydrolysate E5K6 at 0.1 g/kg body weight; and SP-2 group, db/db mice treated with silk protein hydrolysate E5K6 at 0.2 g/kg body weight. After 4 weeks of treatment, plasma glucose levels were lower in the SP-1 (177.3 ± 20.8 mg/dL) and SP-2 (151.8 ± 9.2 mg/dL) groups as compared to those in the control group (236.0 ± 31.2 mg/dL). Furthermore, blood glycated hemoglobin was significantly reduced in the SP-2 (6.6% ± 0.1%) compared to that in the control mice (7.7% ± 0.1%). The SP-2 group also had significant reductions in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the atherogenic index by 11%, 27%, and 26%, respectively, compared to the control group. Insulin levels on plasma concentrations were significantly increased in the silk protein hydrolysate E5K6 groups (SP-1, 4.2 ± 1.1 ng/mL; SP-2, 4.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL) compared to those in the control group (2.9 ± 0.9 ng/mL). The silk protein hydrolysate E5K6-treated db/db mice (SP-1, 62.8 ± 1.6 arbitrary units [AU]; SP-2, 63.0 ± 4.0 AU) displayed pancreatic islets with significantly enhanced (P < .05) insulin staining as compared to the intensity of staining of those from the control group (55.8 ± 2.5 AU). The results suggest that silk protein hydrolysate E5K6 has insulin-releasing activity through the induction of β-cell activity in the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition & Institute of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Determination of salbutamol using R-phycoerythrin immobilized on eggshell membrane surface as a fluorescence probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3015-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu S, Wang X, Lu Q, Hu X, Uppal N, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Stabilization of enzymes in silk films. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1032-42. [PMID: 19323497 DOI: 10.1021/bm800956n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Material systems are needed that promote stabilization of entrained molecules, such as enzymes or therapeutic proteins, without destroying their activity. We demonstrate that the unique structure of silk fibroin protein, when assembled into the solid state, establishes an environment that is conducive to the stabilization of entrained proteins. Enzymes (glucose oxidase, lipase, and horseradish peroxidase) entrapped in these films over 10 months retained significant activity, even when stored at 37 degrees C, and in the case of glucose oxidase did not lose any activity. Further, the mode of processing of the silk protein into the films could be correlated to the stability of the enzymes. The relationship between processing and stability offers a large suite of conditions within which to optimize such stabilization processes. Overall, the techniques reported here result in materials that stabilize enzymes to an extent, without the need for cryoprotectants, emulsifiers, covalent immobilization, or other treatments. Further, these systems are amenable to optical applications and characterization, environmental distribution without refrigeration, are ingestible, and offer potential use in vivo, because silk materials are biocompatible and FDA approved, degradable with proteases, and currently used in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhou Lu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Hossain KS, Ohyama E, Ochi A, Magoshi J, Nemoto N. Dilute-Solution Properties of Regenerated Silk Fibroin. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022490i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khandker S. Hossain
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology) Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohyama
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology) Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akie Ochi
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology) Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Magoshi
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology) Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Norio Nemoto
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology) Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Putthanarat S, Zarkoob S, Magoshi J, Chen J, Eby R, Stone M, Adams W. Effect of processing temperature on the morphology of silk membranes. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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