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Blázquez-Castro A, Fernández-Piqueras J, Santos J. Genetic Material Manipulation and Modification by Optical Trapping and Nanosurgery-A Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580937. [PMID: 33072730 PMCID: PMC7530750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light can be employed as a tool to alter and manipulate matter in many ways. An example has been the implementation of optical trapping, the so called optical tweezers, in which light can hold and move small objects with 3D control. Of interest for the Life Sciences and Biotechnology is the fact that biological objects in the size range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of microns can be precisely manipulated through this technology. In particular, it has been shown possible to optically trap and move genetic material (DNA and chromatin) using optical tweezers. Also, these biological entities can be severed, rearranged and reconstructed by the combined use of laser scissors and optical tweezers. In this review, the background, current state and future possibilities of optical tweezers and laser scissors to manipulate, rearrange and alter genetic material (DNA, chromatin and chromosomes) will be presented. Sources of undesirable effects by the optical procedure and measures to avoid them will be discussed. In addition, first tentative approaches at cellular-level genetic and organelle surgery, in which genetic material or DNA-carrying organelles are extracted out or introduced into cells, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Piqueras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research Jiménez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research Jiménez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Hu YH, Liang H, Jiang YQ. Study on mechanism of micronucleoli formation by laser microirradiation. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1989; 14:257-69. [PMID: 2472212 DOI: 10.1007/bf02797272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the male rat kangaroo cell line PTK2, argon laser (514.5 nm) microirradiation of both nucleoli in interphase cells 30, 23, and 12 h before mitosis, and nucleoli in early prophase cells resulted in the formation of micronucleoli, i.e., several small nucleolus-like bodies, in daughter cells. The irradiated cells were stained with methylene blue, which indicated that the nucleolar RNA was destroyed by laser microirradiation. Feulgen staining was applied to the irradiated cells in combination with the measurements of an MPV-II model microphotometer. Irradiated nucleoli were negative for DNA-Feulgen stain, which indicated that nucleolar DNA was destroyed by laser irradiation, so the nucleolar organizer gene was destroyed. After the nucleoli had been irradiated, the cells were continuously incubated at 37 degrees C for 12 and/or 24 h, then fixed and stained with AgNO3. Most of the nucleoli irradiated silver-stained negative that demonstrated that when the nucleoli were irradiated, rDNA was destroyed and transcription stopped. However, some silver grains were found in the nucleoplasm, whereas the nucleoli were silver-stained negative. The results suggest that subsidiary nucleolar organizer loci might exist scattered throughout the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Hu
- Institute of Genetics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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