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Du C, Nan X, Wang K, Zhao Y, Xiong B. Evaluation of the digestibility of steam-exploded wheat straw by ruminal fermentation, sugar yield and microbial structurein vitro. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41775-41782. [PMID: 35541616 PMCID: PMC9076558 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat straw is considered an abundant lignocellulosic biomass source in China. However, its recalcitrance hinders the degradation of wheat straw by enzymes and microbes. In this study, we investigated the optimum steam explosion conditions of pretreated wheat straw by response surface methodology to improve its nutrition level as a feedstuff for the ruminant industry or as a feedstock for biofuel production. The highest volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield (30.50 mmol L−1) was obtained at 2.3 MPa, 90 s and a moisture content of 36.46%. Under optimal conditions, steam explosion significantly altered the fermentation parameters in vitro. Ionic chromatography showed that pretreating wheat straw could improve the production of fermentable sugar, which was ascribed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. In addition, high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that steam explosion changed the microbial community and enhanced the colonization of cellulolytic bacteria. Our findings demonstrated that steam explosion pretreatment could greatly improve the digestibility of wheat straw by facilitating sugar production and microbial colonization. Wheat straw is considered an abundant lignocellulosic biomass source in China.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition
- Institute of Animal Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
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Tzimorotas D, Afseth NK, Lindberg D, Kjørlaug O, Axelsson L, Shapaval V. Pretreatment of different food rest materials for bioconversion into fungal lipid-rich biomass. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1039-1049. [PMID: 29654357 PMCID: PMC6013528 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Food rest materials have the potential to be used as media components in various types of fermentations. Oleaginous filamentous fungi can utilize those components and generate a high-value lipid-rich biomass, which could be further used for animal and human use. One of the main limitations in this process is the pretreatment of food rest materials, needed to provide homogenization, sterilization and solubilization. In this study, two pretreatment processes-steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis-were evaluated for potato and animal protein-rich food rest materials. The pretreated food rest materials were used for the production of fungal lipid-rich biomass in submerged fermentation by the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides. Cultivation media based on malt extract broth and glucose were used as controls of growth and lipid production, respectively. It was observed that media based on food rest materials can support growth and lipid production in M. circinelloides to a similar extent as the control media. More specifically, the use of potato hydrolysate combined with chicken auto-hydrolysate resulted in a higher fungal total biomass weight than using malt extract broth. When the same C/N ratio was used for glucose and rest materials-based media, similar lipid content was obtained or even higher using the latter media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - V Shapaval
- Nofima AS, 1430, Ås, Norway
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
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Optimization of fermentation parameters for production of ethanol from kinnow waste and banana peels by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 47:310-6. [PMID: 23100683 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-007-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was taken up to evaluate the role of some fermentation parameters like inoculum concentration, temperature, incubation period and agitation time on ethanol production from kinnow waste and banana peels by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using cellulase and co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae G and Pachysolen tannophilus MTCC 1077. Steam pretreated kinnow waste and banana peels were used as substrate for ethanol production in the ratio 4:6 (kinnow waste: banana peels). Temperature of 30°C, inoculum size of S. cerevisiae G 6% and (v/v) Pachysolen tannophilus MTCC 1077 4% (v/v), incubation period of 48 h and agitation for the first 24 h were found to be best for ethanol production using the combination of two wastes. The pretreated steam exploded biomass after enzymatic saccharification containing 63 gL(-1) reducing sugars was fermented with both hexose and pentose fermenting yeast strains under optimized conditions resulting in ethanol production, yield and fermentation efficiency of 26.84 gL(-1), 0.426 gg (-1) and 83.52 % respectively. This study could establish the effective utilization of kinnow waste and banana peels for bioethanol production using optimized fermentation parameters.
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Uma Maheswar Rao JL, Satyanarayana T. Improving production of hyperthermostable and high maltose-forming alpha-amylase by an extreme thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans using response surface methodology and its applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:345-52. [PMID: 16473003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
By cultivating Geobacillus thermoleovorans in shake flasks containing cane molasses medium at 70 degrees C, the fermentation variables were optimized by 'one variable at a time' approach followed by response surface methodology (RSM). The statistical model was obtained by central composite design (CCD) using three variables (cane-molasses, urea and inoculum density). An overall 1.6- and 2.1-fold increase in enzyme production was achieved in the optimized medium in shake flasks and fermenter, respectively. The alpha-amylase titre increased significantly in cane-molasses medium (60 U ml(-1)) as compared to that in the synthetic medium (26 U ml(-1)). Thus the cost of enzyme produced in cane molasses medium (0.823 euros per million U) was much lower than that produced in the synthetic starch-yeast extract-tryptone medium (18.52 euros per million U). The shelf life of bread was improved by supplementing dough with alpha-amylase, and thus, the enzyme was found to be useful in preventing the staling of bread. Reducing sugars liberated from 20% and 30% raw pearl millet starch were fermented to ethanol; ethanol production levels attained were 35.40 and 28.0 g l(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Uma Maheswar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
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Kobayashi F, Maki T, Nakamura Y, Ueda K. Determination of Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn in plant component polymers of a hyperaccumulating plant. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1553-6. [PMID: 16379406 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an innovative technology that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate hazardous waste sites. For more cost-effective phytoremediation, it is important to utilize a hyperaccumulating plant after phytoremediation, i.e. the recovery of valuable metals and the production of useful materials. In this work, the determination of metals in plant component polymers in a fern, Athyrium yokoscense, as a hyper-accumulating plant was established using steam explosion, Wayman's extraction method, and ICP emission spectrometry. After A. yokoscense plants were treated by steam explosion, the steam-exploded A. yokoscense were separated into four plant component polymers, ie. water-soluble material fraction, holocellulose fraction, methanol-soluble lignin fraction, and residual lignin fraction. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn in these plant component polymers and the dry weights of plant component polymers were measured. These analytical process determining metals in the plants will contribute to not only the evaluation and the efforts of phytoremediation using a hyperaccumulating plant, but also to the development of more effective phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihisa Kobayashi
- Division of Material Engineering, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Asada C, Nakamura Y, Kobayashi F. Waste reduction system for production of useful materials from un-utilized bamboo using steam explosion followed by various conversion methods. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kobayashi F, Asada C, Nakamura Y. Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Recovery of Valuable Metals. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.31.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihisa Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
- Division of Ecotechnology, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Chikako Asada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
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Mathematical model of direct ethanol production from starch in immobilized recombinant yeast culture. Biochem Eng J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rajoka MI, Yasmin A, Latif F. Kinetics of enhanced ethanol productivity using raw starch hydrolyzing glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger mutant produced in solid state fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 39:13-8. [PMID: 15189282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present investigation deals with the effect of raw starch hydrolyzing glucoamylase by a derepressed mutant of Aspergillus niger on enhanced productivity of ethanol from uncooked starch under non-aseptic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The parental culture of Aspergillus niger was improved using gamma-ray treatment. One derepressed mutant was isolated after extensive screening and optimization and grown on corn cobs, maize starch, soluble starch and wheat bran solid media moistened with Vogel's salts solution and corn steep liquor. The mutant was 2.5-fold improved over its parent with respect to enzyme productivity, product yield and specific activity. The enzyme from mutated culture was also improved for enzyme properties and could effectively hydrolyze raw starch without the aid of alpha-amylase. Starch hydrolyzed with mutant-derived glucoamylase supported higher volumetric and product yields of ethanol than those of parental and other strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of the present study are of commercial value. Ethanol product yield coefficient, and volumetric productivity revealed the hyper-productivity of ethanol from raw starch hydrolyzate obtained with mutant-derived glucoamylase without addition of liquefying alpha-amylase under non-aseptic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Rajoka
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Kobayashi F, Take H, Asada C, Nakamura Y. Methane production from steam-exploded bamboo. J Biosci Bioeng 2004; 97:426-8. [PMID: 16233655 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To convert unutilized plant biomass into a useful energy source, methane production from bamboo was investigated using a steam explosion pretreatment. Methane could not be produced from raw bamboo but methane production was enhanced by steam explosion. The maximum amount of methane produced, i.e., about 215 ml, was obtained from 1 g of exploded bamboo at a steam pressure of 3.53 MPa and a steaming time of 5 min. A negative correlation between the amount of methane produced and the amount of Klason lignin was observed in the methane fermentation of steam-exploded bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kanazawa University, 40-20 Kodatsuno 2 chome, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8667, Japan
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Itoh H, Wada M, Honda Y, Kuwahara M, Watanabe T. Bioorganosolve pretreatments for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of beech wood by ethanolysis and white rot fungi. J Biotechnol 2003; 103:273-80. [PMID: 12890613 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from beech wood chips after bioorganosolve pretreatments by ethanolysis and white rot fungi, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Dichomitus squalens, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Coriolus versicolor. Beech wood chips were pretreated with the white rot fungi for 2-8 weeks without addition of any nutrients. The wood chips were then subjected to ethanolysis to separate them into pulp and soluble fractions (SFs). From the pulp fraction (PF), ethanol was produced by SSF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae AM12 and a commercial cellulase preparation, Meicelase, from Trichoderma viride. Among the four strains, C. subvermispora gave the highest yield on SSF. The yield of ethanol obtained after pretreatment with C. subvermispora for 8 weeks was 0.294 g g(-1) of ethanolysis pulp (74% of theoretical) and 0.176 g g(-1) of beech wood chips (62% of theoretical). The yield was 1.6 times higher than that obtained without the fungal treatments. The biological pretreatments saved 15% of the electricity needed for the ethanolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Itoh
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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Emmel A, Mathias AL, Wypych F, Ramos LP. Fractionation of Eucalyptus grandis chips by dilute acid-catalysed steam explosion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 86:105-15. [PMID: 12653274 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Steam explosion of Eucalyptus grandis has been carried out under various pretreatment conditions (200-210 degrees C, 2-5 min) after impregnation of the wood chips with 0.087 and 0.175% (w/w) H2SO4. This study, arranged as a 2(3) factorial design, indicated that pretreatment temperature is the most critical variable affecting the yield of steam-treated fractions. Pretreatment of 0.175% (w/w) H2SO4-impregnated chips at 210 degrees C for 2 min was the best condition for hemicellulose recovery (mostly as xylose) in the water soluble fraction, reaching almost 70% of the corresponding xylose theoretical yield. By contrast, lower pretreatment temperatures of 200 degrees C were enough to yield steam-treated substrates from which a 90% cellulose conversion was obtained in 48 h, using low enzyme loadings of a Celluclast 1.5 1 plus Novozym 188 mixture (Novo Nordisk). Release of water-soluble chromophores was monitored by UV spectroscopy and their concentration increased with pretreatment severity. The yield of alkali-soluble lignin increased at higher levels of acid impregnation and pretreatment temperatures. Thermoanalysis of these lignin fractions indicated a pattern of lignin fragmentation towards greater pretreatment severities but lignin condensation prevailed at the most drastic pretreatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Emmel
- Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19.081, Curitiba, Paraná 81.531-990, Brazil
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