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Nisar K, Abdullah R, Kaleem A, Iqtedar M, Aftab M, Saleem F. Purification, Characterization And Thermodynamic Analysis Of Cellulases Produced From Thermomyces Dupontii And Its Industrial Applications. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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2
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Pham VHT, Kim J, Chang S, Chung W. Investigation of Lipolytic-Secreting Bacteria from an Artificially Polluted Soil Using a Modified Culture Method and Optimization of Their Lipase Production. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2590. [PMID: 34946192 PMCID: PMC8708958 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to lipases from plants or animals, microbial lipases play a vital role in different industrial applications and biotechnological perspectives due to their high stability and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, numerous lipase producers have been investigated in a variety of environments in the presence of lipidic carbon and organic nitrogen sources. As a step in the development of cultivating the unculturable functional bacteria in this study, the forest soil collected from the surrounding plant roots was used to create an artificially contaminated environment for lipase-producing bacterial isolation. The ten strongest active bacterial strains were tested in an enzyme assay supplemented with metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Sn2+ to determine bacterial tolerance and the effect of these metal ions on enzyme activity. Lipolytic bacteria in this study tended to grow and achieved a high lipase activity at temperatures of 35-40 °C and at pH 6-7, reaching a peak of 480 U/mL and 420 U/mL produced by Lysinibacillus PL33 and Lysinibacillus PL35, respectively. These potential lipase-producing bacteria are excellent candidates for large-scale applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hong Thi Pham
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Jaisoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Soonwoong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Woojin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
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Zaman U, Naz R, Rehman KU, Saeed Khattak N, Ahmad S, Iqbal A, Jan SU. Investigating the Impact of Various Parameters On the Activity of Acid Phosphatases from Seedlings of Coronopus didymus. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3201-3210. [PMID: 32551656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of purified acid phosphatase from the germinating seedlings of Coronopus didymus (Jangli halon) was investigated by studying the impact of various thermodynamic parameters [t1/2, Ed, ΔH° (enthalpy change), ΔG° (free energy change), and ΔS° (entropy change)] of heat treatment in the temperature range of 55-75 °C. The thermal denaturation of acid phosphatase, assessed by loss in activity, was evidently followed by first-order kinetics, which varies with time and yield during the process of denaturation. The half-life of the enzyme was 693 min at 55 °C. The Ed (activation energy of denaturation) was calculated by the Arrhenius plot (30 kcal mol-1), and the Z-value was 17.3 °C. The various thermodynamic parameters studied were as follows: ΔH°, the change in enthalpy of inactivation, was 121.93 kJ mol-1 at 55 °C; ΔG°, the change in free energy of inactivation, was 110.65 kJ mol-1 at 55 °C; and ΔS°, the change in entropy of inactivation, was 34.39 J mol-1 k-1 at 55 °C. This suggests that acid phosphatase activity is thermostable to long heat treatment up to 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Safeer Ahmad
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah Jan
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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Xue D, Zeng X, Gong C, Lin D, Yao S. A cold adapt and ethanol tolerant endoglucanase from a marine Bacillus subtilis. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Extracellular lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM5962(T): Isolation, identification, and characterization. Int Microbiol 2018; 21:197-205. [PMID: 30810896 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was done to isolate, identify, and characterize a good lipolytic strain from soil. Lipolytic strain isolation was done using tributyrin agar medium. The biochemical testing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was done for identification. The enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. Results have shown a novel high lipolytic strain of P. aeruginosa JCM5962(T), isolated from soil of sugarcane field. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the strain as P. aeruginosa JCM5962(T); further, the sequence was submitted to Genbank (KX946966.1). The isolate produced an extracellular lipase which was purified as single band of 31 kDa. Maximum lipase activity was observed at 50 °C and pH 8.0. Activity was enhanced in the presence of cobalt and benzene solvent, whereas mercury, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and chloroform inhibited it. The enzyme's marked stability and activity at high temperature, alkaline pH and organic solvents suggest that this can be effectively used in a variety of applications in industries and as biotechnological tools.
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Ethanol tolerant endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger isolated from wine fermentation cellar. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Increasing of activity and thermostability of cold active butanol-tolerant endoglucanase from a marine Rhodococcus sp. under high concentrations of butanol condition. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:265. [DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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8
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Liang L, Xue D. Kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis by halostable cellulase from a marine Aspergillus niger at different salinities. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Mohapatra BR. Kinetic and thermodynamic properties of alginate lyase and cellulase co-produced by Exiguobacterium species Alg-S5. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:103-110. [PMID: 28122206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to screen out the alginolytic and cellulolytic bacteria from the putrefying invasive seaweed Sargassum species accumulated off Barbados' coast, a potent bacterial strain was isolated. This bacterium, which simultaneously produced alginate lyase and cellulase, was identified as Exiguobacterium sp. Alg-S5 via the phylogenetic approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The co-produced alginate lyase and cellulase exhibited maximal enzymatic activity at pH 7.5 and at 40°C and 45°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values recorded as 0.91mg/mL and 21.8U/mg-protein, respectively, for alginate lyase, and 10.9mg/mL and 74.6U/mg-protein, respectively, for cellulase. First order kinetic analysis of the thermal denaturation of the co-produced alginate lyase and cellulase in the temperature range from 40°C to 55°C revealed that both the enzymes were thermodynamically efficient by displaying higher activation energy and enthalpy of denaturation. These enzymatic properties indicate the potential industrial importance of this bacterium in algal biomass conversion. This appears to be the first report on assessing the efficacy of a bacterium for the co-production of alginate lyase and cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut R Mohapatra
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, BB11000, Barbados.
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Improvement of activity, thermo-stability and fruit juice clarification characteristics of fungal exo-polygalacturonase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:974-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Siddiqua UH, Bhatti HN, Nouren S, Noreen S, Bibi I. Production and Thermal Characterization of an Alkaline Pectin Lyase from Penicillium notatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the potential of Penicillium notatum for the production of pectin lyase under solid state culture using wheat bran as substrate. Different process parameters were optimized using completely randomized design for enhanced production of the pectin lyase. P. notatum showed maximum production (1875 U/gds) of pectin lyase with substrate amount 15 g/250 ml, moisture level 60%, pH 6, incubation period 120 h at 30°C. Pectin lyase activity was further improved with the addition of maltose and ammonium sulphate as carbon and nitrogen additives (1%), respectively. Partial purification of enzyme was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation level. The P. notatum pectin lyase showed maximal activity at 65°C and pH 8. Km and Vmax values were 0.29% and 0.487 µmol/min, respectively. Energy of activation was found to be 5.33 kJ/mol. A detailed kinetic study of thermal inactivation was carried out. The results showed that pectin lyase exhibited resistance against thermal unfolding. Effect of various metals on pectin lyase activity was also investigated. All the metals showed inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The present investigation revealed that pectin lyase isolated from P. notatum is thermally stable and alkaline in nature.
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Kupski L, Pagnussatt FA, Buffon JG, Furlong EB. Endoglucanase and Total Cellulase from Newly Isolated Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei: Production, Characterization, and Thermal Stability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:458-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Bansal N, Janveja C, Tewari R, Soni R, Soni SK. Highly Thermostable and pH-Stable Cellulases from Aspergillus niger NS-2: Properties and Application for Cellulose Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:141-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ghori MI, Iqbal MJ, Hameed A. Characterization of a novel lipase from Bacillus sp. isolated from tannery wastes. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:22-9. [PMID: 24031600 PMCID: PMC3768906 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetics of a lipase isolated from Bacillus sp. was studied. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 9 and temperature 60°C. The Michaelis constant (KM 0.31 mM) obtained from three different plots i.e., Lineweaver-Burk, Hanes-Wolf and Hofstee, was found to be lower than already reported lipases that confirmed higher affinity of the enzyme for its substrate p-NPL (p-nitrophenyl laurate). Vmax of the enzyme was found to be 7.6 µM/mL/min. Energy of activation calculated from Arrhenius plot was found to be 20.607 kJmol(-1). Activation enthalpy (ΔH*) had negative trend and the value for the hydrolysis of p-NPL by the enzyme at optimum temperature was -2.748 kJmol(-1). Activation entropy (ΔS*) and free energy of activation (ΔG*) of the enzyme were found to be 1.468 Jmol(-1)K(-1) and -3.237 kJmol(-1), respectively at optimum temperature. Low value of Q10 (0.04788) shows high catalytic activity of the enzyme. Mn(2+), Fe(2+) and Mg(2+) enhanced the lipase activity whereas Cu(2+), Na(+) and Co(2+) inhibited the enzyme activity. However, the enzyme activity was not affected significantly by K(+) ions. EDTA and SDS also significantly inhibited the lipase activity. Activity of the enzyme was increased in n-hexane while decreased with increase in concentration of acetone, chloroform, ethanol and isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ghori
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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15
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Reeves R, Ribeiro A, Lombardo L, Boyer R, Leach JB. Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethylcellulose-Methacrylate Hydrogel Cell Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2010; 2:252-264. [PMID: 22708058 DOI: 10.3390/polym2030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many carbohydrates pose advantages for tissue engineering applications due to their hydrophilicity, degradability, and availability of chemical groups for modification. For example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative that is degradable by cellulase. Though this enzyme is not synthesized by mammalian cells, cellulase and the fragments derived from CMC degradation are biocompatible. With this in mind, we created biocompatible, selectively degradable CMC-based hydrogels that are stable in routine culture, but degrade when exposed to exogenous cellulase. Solutions of CMC-methacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DM) were co-crosslinked to form stable hydrogels; we found that greater CMC-methacrylate content resulted in increased gel swelling, protein diffusion and rates of degradation by cellulase, as well as decreased gel shear modulus. CMC-methacrylate/PEG-DM gels modified with the adhesive peptide RGD supported fibroblast adhesion and viability. We conclude that hydrogels based on CMC-methacrylate are suitable for bioengineering applications where selective degradability may be favorable, such as cell scaffolds or controlled release devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Reeves
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
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16
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Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Lo YC, Chang JS. Multicomponent cellulase production by Cellulomonas biazotea NCIM-2550 and its applications for cellulosic biohydrogen production. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:406-16. [PMID: 19941342 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among four cellulolytic microorganisms examined, Cellulomonas biazotea NCIM-2550 can grow on various cellulosic substrates and produce reducing sugar. The activity of cellulases (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and cellobiase), xylanase, amylase, and lignin class of enzymes produced by C. biazotea was mainly present extracellularly and the enzyme production was dependent on cellulosic substrates (carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC], sugarcane bagasse [SCB], and xylan) used for growth. Effects of physicochemical conditions on cellulolytic enzyme production were systematically investigated. Using MnCl(2) as a metal additive significantly induces the cellulase enzyme system, resulting in more reducing sugar production. The efficiency of fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed SCB and xylan into clean H(2) energy was examined with seven H(2)-producing pure bacterial isolates. Only Clostridiumbutyricum CGS5 exhibited efficient H(2) production performance with the hydrolysate of SCB and xylan. The cumulative H(2) production and H(2) yield from using bagasse hydrolysate (initial reducing sugar concentration = 1.545 g/L) were approximately 72.61 mL/L and 2.13 mmol H(2)/g reducing sugar (or 1.91 mmol H(2)/g cellulose), respectively. Using xylan hydrolysate (initial reducing sugar concentration = 0.345 g/L) as substrate could also attain a cumulative H(2) production and H(2) yield of 87.02 mL/L and 5.03 mmol H(2)/g reducing sugar (or 4.01 mmol H(2)/g cellulose), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh D Saratale
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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17
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Saqib AA, Hassan M, Khan NF, Baig S. Thermostability of crude endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus grown under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hussain A, Rashid MH, Perveen R, Ashraf M. Purification, kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of soluble acid invertase from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:188-194. [PMID: 19091583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time kinetic and thermodynamic properties of soluble acid invertase (SAI) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) salt sensitive local cultivar CP 77-400 (CP-77). The SAI was purified to apparent homogeneity on FPLC system. The crude enzyme was about 13 fold purified and recovery of SAI was 35%. The invertase was monomeric in nature and its native molecular mass on gel filtration and subunit mass on SDS-PAGE was 28 kDa. SAI was highly acidic having an optimum pH lower than 2. The acidic limb was missing. Proton transfer (donation and receiving) during catalysis was controlled by the basic limb having a pKa of 2.4. Carboxyl groups were involved in proton transfer during catalysis. The kinetic constants for sucrose hydrolysis by SAI were determined to be: k(m)=55 mg ml(-1), k(cat)=21s(-1), k(cat)/k(m)=0.38, while the thermodynamic parameters were: DeltaH*=52.6 kJ mol(-1), DeltaG*=71.2 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS*=-57 J mol(-1) K(-1), DeltaG*(E-S)=10.8 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaG*(E-T)=2.6 kJ mol(-1). The kinetics and thermodynamics of irreversible thermal denaturation at various temperatures 53-63 degrees C were also determined. The half -life of SAI at 53 and 63 degrees C was 112 and 10 min, respectively. At 55 degrees C, surprisingly the half -life increased to twice that at 53 degrees C. DeltaG*, DeltaH* and DeltaS* of irreversible thermal stability of SAI at 55 degrees C were 107.7 kJ mol(-1), 276.04 kJ mol(-1) and 513 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hussain
- Enzyme Engineering Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Bokhari SAI, Latif F, Rajoka MI. Purification and characterization of xylanases from Thermomyces lanuginosus and its mutant derivative possessing novel kinetic and thermodynamic properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Liu P, Xia W, Liu J. The role of carboxyl groups on the chitosanase and CMCase activity of a bifunctional enzyme purified from a commercial cellulase with EDC modification. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Catalytic and thermodynamic characterization of endoglucanase (CMCase) from Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:483-97. [PMID: 18704277 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric extracellular endoglucanase (25 kDa) of transgenic koji (Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1) produced under submerged growth condition (7.5 U mg(-1) protein) was purified to homogeneity level by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various column chromatography on fast protein liquid chromatography system. Activation energy for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrolysis was 3.32 kJ mol(-1) at optimum temperature (55 degrees C), and its temperature quotient (Q (10)) was 1.0. The enzyme was stable over a pH range of 4.1-5.3 and gave maximum activity at pH 4.4. V (max) for CMC hydrolysis was 854 U mg(-1) protein and K (m) was 20 mg CMC ml(-1). The turnover (k (cat)) was 356 s(-1). The pK (a1) and pK (a2) of ionisable groups of active site controlling V (max) were 3.9 and 6.25, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for CMC hydrolysis were as follows: DeltaH* = 0.59 kJ mol(-1), DeltaG* = 64.57 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS* = -195.05 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. Activation energy for irreversible inactivation 'E (a(d))' of the endoglucanase was 378 kJ mol(-1), whereas enthalpy (DeltaH*), Gibbs free energy (DeltaG*) and entropy (DeltaS*) of activation at 44 degrees C were 375.36 kJ mol(-1), 111.36 kJ mol(-1) and 833.06 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
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Shaheen I, Bhatti HN, Ashraf T. Production, purification and thermal characterisation of invertase from a newly isolated Fusarium sp. under solid-state fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Afzal AJ, Bokhari SA, Siddiqui KS. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of a chemically modified highly active xylanase fromScopulariopsis sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:273-97. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02729068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Asgher M, Nawaz R, Khalid AM, Perveen R. Chemical modification results in hyperactivation and thermostabilization ofFusarium solaniglucoamylase. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:177-85. [PMID: 17496965 DOI: 10.1139/w06-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of carboxyl groups of glucoamylase from a mesophilic fungus, Fusarium solani , was carried out using ethylenediamine as nucleophile in the presence of water-soluble 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. Modification brought about a dramatic enhancement of catalytic activity and thermal stability of glucoamylase. Temperature and pH optima of ethylenediamine-coupled glucoamylase (ECG) increased as compared with those of native enzyme. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) of native, ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 was 136, 173, 225, and 170, respectively, at 55 °C. The enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and free energy of activation (ΔG*) for soluble starch hydrolysis were lower for the chemically modified forms. All of the modified forms werestable at higher temperatures and possessed high ΔG* against thermal unfolding. The effects of α-chymotrypsin and subtilisin on the modified forms were activating as compared with native. Moreover, denaturation of ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 in urea at 4 mol·L–1also showed an activation trend. A possible explanation for the thermal denaturation of native and increased thermal stability of ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 at higher temperatures is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38040
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Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Nawaz R, Khalid AM, Asgher M, Jabbar A. Effect of aniline coupling on kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Fusarium solani glucoamylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 73:1290-8. [PMID: 17031637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified glucoamylase (GA) from Fusarium solani was chemically modified by cross-linking with aniline hydrochloride in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) for 1 [aniline-coupled glucoamylase-1 (ACG-1)], 7 (ACG-7), and 13 min (ACG-13). The aniline coupling of GA had a profound enhancing effect on temperature, pH optima, and pK (a)'s of active site residues. The specificity constants (K (cat)/K (m)) of native, ACG-1, ACG-7, and ACG-13 were 136, 244, 262, and 208 at 55 degrees C for starch, respectively. The enthalpy of activation (DeltaH*) and free energy of activation (DeltaG*) for soluble starch hydrolysis were lower for the chemically modified forms compared to native GA. Proteolysis of ACGs by alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin resulted in activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Nawaz R, Asgher M, Perveen R, Jabbar A. Purification and characterization of a novel glucoamylase from Fusarium solani. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bhatti HN, Madeeha M, Asgher M, Batool N. Purification and thermodynamic characterization of glucose oxidase from a newly isolated strain ofAspergillus niger. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:519-24. [PMID: 16788719 DOI: 10.1139/w05-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An intracellular glucose oxidase (GOD) was isolated from the mycelium extract of a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus niger NFCCP. The enzyme was partially purified to a yield of 28.43% and specific activity of 135 U mg–1through ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The enzyme showed high specificity for D-glucose, with a Kmvalue of 25 mmol L–1. The enzyme exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.5. Optimum temperature for GOD-catalyzed D-glucose oxidation was 40 °C. The enzyme displayed a high thermostability having a half-life (t1/2) of 30 min, enthalpy of denaturation (H*) of 99.66 kJ mol–1, and free energy of denaturation (G*) of 103.63 kJ mol–1. These characteristics suggest that GOD from A. niger NFCCP can be used as an analytical reagent and in the design of biosensors for clinical, biochemical, and diagnostic assays.Key words: glucose oxidase, Aspergillus niger, kinetics, thermodynamics, thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Bhatti
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Rajoka MI, Yasmin A, Latif F. Kinetics of enhanced ethanol productivity using raw starch hydrolyzing glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger mutant produced in solid state fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 39:13-8. [PMID: 15189282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present investigation deals with the effect of raw starch hydrolyzing glucoamylase by a derepressed mutant of Aspergillus niger on enhanced productivity of ethanol from uncooked starch under non-aseptic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The parental culture of Aspergillus niger was improved using gamma-ray treatment. One derepressed mutant was isolated after extensive screening and optimization and grown on corn cobs, maize starch, soluble starch and wheat bran solid media moistened with Vogel's salts solution and corn steep liquor. The mutant was 2.5-fold improved over its parent with respect to enzyme productivity, product yield and specific activity. The enzyme from mutated culture was also improved for enzyme properties and could effectively hydrolyze raw starch without the aid of alpha-amylase. Starch hydrolyzed with mutant-derived glucoamylase supported higher volumetric and product yields of ethanol than those of parental and other strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of the present study are of commercial value. Ethanol product yield coefficient, and volumetric productivity revealed the hyper-productivity of ethanol from raw starch hydrolyzate obtained with mutant-derived glucoamylase without addition of liquefying alpha-amylase under non-aseptic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Rajoka
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Carboxyl group modification significantly altered the kinetic properties of purified carboxymethylcellulase from Aspergillus niger. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 27:467-474. [PMID: 10978768 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) from Aspergillus niger NIAB280 was purified by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatography on FPLC with 9-folds increase in specific activity. Native and subunit molecular weights were found to be 36 kDa each. The purified CMCase was modified by 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in the presence of glycinamide for 15 min (GAM15) and glycinamide plus cellobiose for 75 min (GAM75). Similarly, the enzyme was modified by EDC in the presence of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride plus cellobiose for 75 min (EDAM75). The neutralization (GAM15 and GAM75) and reversal (EDAM75) of negative charges of carboxyl groups of CMCase had profound effect on the specificity constant (k(cat)/K(m)), pH optima, pK(a)'s of the active-site residues and thermodynamic parameters of activation. The specificity constants of native, GAM15, GAM75, and EDAM75 were 143, 340, 804, and 48, respectively. The enthalpy of activation (DeltaH(#)) of Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrolysis of native (50 and 15 kJ mol(-1)) and GAM15 (41 and 16 kJ mol(-1)) were biphasic whereas those of GAM75 (43 kJ mol(-1)) and EDAM75 (41 k J mol(-1)) were monophasic. Similarly, the entropy of activation (DeltaS(#)) of CMC hydrolysis of native (-61 and -173 J mol(-1) K(-1)) and GAM15 (-91 and -171 J mol(-1) K(-1)) were biphasic whereas those of GAM75 (-82 J mol(-1) K(-1)) and EDAM75 (-106 J mol(-1) K(-1)) were monophasic. The pH optima/pK(a)'s of both acidic and basic limbs of charge neutralized CMCases increased compared with those of native enzyme. The CMCase modification in the presence of glycinamide and absence of cellobiose at different pH's periodically activated and inhibited the enzyme activity indicating conformational changes. We believe that the alteration of the surface charges resulted in gross movement of loops that surround the catalytic pocket, thereby inducing changes in the vicinity of active site residues with concomitant alteration in kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the modified CMCases.
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