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Qian H, Su L, Yang Y, Tian X, Dai Q, Meng F, Wang X. Selection and Mechanism Study of Q-Markers for Xanthocerais lignum Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Serum Spectrum-Effect Correlation Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:3191. [PMID: 38999143 PMCID: PMC11242948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the chemical profile of Xanthocerais lignum's extracts of different polarities and their impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we identified anti-RA markers and predicted their action mechanisms. METHODS A collagen-induced arthritis rat model was established, and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology was employed to analyze and identify the chemical constituents within the alcohol extract of Xanthocerais lignum and its various extraction fractions, as well as their translocation into the bloodstream. Serum spectrum-effect correlation analysis was utilized to elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Xanthocerais lignum against RA and to screen for Q-Markers. Finally, the potential anti-RA mechanisms of the Q-Markers were predicted through compound-target interaction data and validated using molecular docking techniques. RESULTS We identified 71 compounds, with flavan-3-ols and flavanones as key components. Of these, 36 were detected in the bloodstream, including 17 original and 19 metabolized forms. Proanthocyanidin A2, dihydroquercetin, catechin, and epicatechin (plus glucuronides) showed potential anti-RA activity. These compounds, acting as Q-Markers, may modulate ERK, NF-κB, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the HIF-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This research clarifies Xanthocerais lignum's pharmacodynamic material basis against RA, identifies 4 Q-Markers, and offers insights into their mechanisms, aiding quality assessment and lead compound development for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China; (H.Q.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.T.); (Q.D.); (F.M.)
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Zhang X, Huo Z, Jia X, Xiong Y, Li B, Zhang L, Li X, Li X, Fang Y, Dong X, Chen G. (+)-Catechin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related NLRP3-mediated inflammation. Food Funct 2024; 15:5450-5465. [PMID: 38687305 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and chronic sterile inflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Catechins are natural polyphenolic compounds found in green tea that possess some health benefits. However, whether (+)-catechin can reduce tubular injury in DN by regulating ER stress and NLRP3-associated inflammation remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of (+)-catechin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and on palmitic acid (PA)-treated HK-2 cells. In vivo, a DN mouse model was generated by injecting STZ. The biochemical indicators of serum and urine, as well as renal histopathology and ultrastructure were analysed. To predict the mechanisms associated with (+)-catechin, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of specific targets in the renal tissue of DN mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells to validate the predicted results. (+)-Catechin significantly ameliorated renal function and pathological changes associated with tubular injury by inhibiting ER stress by downregulating of GRP78, PEAK, CHOP, ATF6 and XBP1. In addition, (+)-catechin inhibited renal inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 associated inflammation, which was characterized by the downregulation of NLRP3, ASC, AIM2, Caspase1, IL-1β and IL-18 in DN mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggested that (+)-catechin exerted a renoprotective effect against DN by inhibiting ER stress and NLRP3-related inflammation to ameliorate tubular injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of (+)-catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Huo
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyou Zhang
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yinrui Fang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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Xie X, Fu J, Gou W, Qin Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Wang L, Li X. Potential mechanism of tea for treating osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1289777. [PMID: 38420363 PMCID: PMC10899483 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1289777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common bone and joint diseases with a high incidence and long duration. Thus, these conditions can affect the lives of middle-aged and elderly people. Tea drinking is a traditional lifestyle in China, and the long-term intake of tea and its active ingredients is beneficial to human health. However, the mechanisms of action of tea and its active ingredients against OP, OA, and RA are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic role and related mechanisms of tea and its active ingredients in OP, OA, and RA. Moreover, it expanded the potential mechanisms of tea efficacy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results showed that tea has potential anti-COX properties and hormone-like effects. Compared with a single component, different tea components synergize or antagonize each other, thereby resulting in a more evident dual effect. In conclusion, tea has great potential in the medical and healthcare fields. Nevertheless, further research on the composition, proportion, and synergistic mechanism of several tea components should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine (Orthopedics), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiying Gou
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingzhen Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuer Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xihai Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Chen T, Li S, Lian D, Hu Q, Hou H, Niu D, Li H, Song L, Gao Y, Chen Y, Hu X, Li J, Ye Z, Peng B, Zhang G. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Experimental Approach to Investigate the Protective Effect of Jin Gu Lian Capsule on Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting Inflammation via IL-17/NF-κB Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3723-3748. [PMID: 38107658 PMCID: PMC10725692 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s423022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the main pharmacological action and underlying mechanisms of Jin Gu Lian Capsule (JGL) against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Methods Network pharmacology approaches were performed to explore the core active compounds of JGL, key therapeutic targets, and signaling pathways. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity of compounds with targets. In vivo experiments were undertaken to validate the findings from network analysis. Results A total of 52 targets were identified as candidate JGL targets for RA. Sixteen ingredients were identified as the core active compounds, including, quercetin, myricetin, salidroside, etc. Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)3, CXCL2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKBKB) and transcription factor p65 (RELA) were obtained as the key therapeutic targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the efficacy of JGL was functionally involved in regulating immune-mediated inflammation, in which IL-17/NF-κB signaling was recommended as one of the main pathways. Molecular docking suggested that the core active compounds bound strongly to their respective targets. Experimentally, JGL treatment mitigated inflammation, showed analgesic activity, and ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that JGL effectively reduced the serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that JGL markedly reduced the expression of the targets in IL-17/NF-κB pathway including IL-17A, IL-17RA, NF-κB p65, C-X-C motif ligand 2, MMP1 and MMP13. Conclusion This investigation provided evidence that JGL may alleviate RA symptoms by partially inhibiting the immune-mediated inflammation via IL-17/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyin Lian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Delian Niu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Hu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuguang Ye
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kalaskar M, Redasani V, Ayyanar M, Ghante M, Firke S, Agrawal K, Ghawate V, Surana S, Alarifi S, Chikhale R, Gurav S. Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Ficus microcarpa L.f. Stem Bark. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3248. [PMID: 37765413 PMCID: PMC10538222 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of F. microcarpa bark (EAFMB) was investigated in acute and chronic (21 days) inflammation induced in Wistar albino rats. EAFMB (200 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory effects to the reference drug, with a reduction of 59.48% at 4 h in acute inflammation and 83.96% on day 21 in chronic inflammation. Bioassay-guided fractionation using DPPH radical scavenging activity led to isolating and identifying three compounds from EAFMB: oleanolic acid, catechin, and p-hydroxycinnamic acid. All these compounds demonstrated the concentration-dependent inhibition of COX enzymes and the protection of egg albumin from heat-induced denaturation. Catechin exhibited the highest COX inhibition (COX-1 and COX-2 IC50 = 9.02 and 50.38 μM, respectively) and anti-denaturation effect (IC50 = 27.13 μg/mL) compared to oleanolic acid and p-hydroxycinnamic acid. These isolated compounds are likely responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities of F. microcarpa bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kalaskar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, MS, India; (M.K.)
| | - Vivek Redasani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, YSPM’s Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara 415 001, MS, India;
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College, Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur 613 503, TN, India;
| | - Mahavir Ghante
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495 001, CG, India;
| | - Sandip Firke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, MS, India; (M.K.)
| | - Kapil Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, MS, India; (M.K.)
| | - Vilas Ghawate
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MES College of Pharmacy, Sonai 414 105, MS, India
| | - Sanjay Surana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, MS, India; (M.K.)
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panaji 403 001, GA, India
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Radu AF, Negru PA, Radu A, Tarce AG, Bungau SG, Bogdan MA, Tit DM, Uivaraseanu B. Simulation-Based Research on Phytoconstituents of Embelia ribes Targeting Proteins with Pathophysiological Implications in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1467. [PMID: 37511842 PMCID: PMC10381729 DOI: 10.3390/life13071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with an autoimmune origin and an incompletely elucidated pathophysiological mechanism. RA pharmacotherapy is based on chemically or biologically active substances that provide clinical alleviation and remission, but the disease is still incurable. As a result, there remains a need for significant therapeutic development, and adjuvant therapies may play an essential role in the search for novel RA treatment strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential phytocompounds and phytocompound derivates as RA treatment agents, using in silico methodologies. In this regard, five phytoconstituents identified in different structures of Embelia ribes were evaluated by in silico methods for their potential action on target proteins of therapeutic interest in RA. The methodology involved identifying the phytocompound with the highest binding toward the target protein via molecular docking using AutoDock Vina 1.5.7, followed by a ligand-based virtual screening based on the structure of the most promising phytocompound using SwissSimilarity. This process led to the identification of ligands that are not currently utilized in medical practice, but that might have the potential to be used in the management of RA after further extensive experimental endorsements. ZINC000004024651 showed the highest binding affinity for the Bruton's tyrosine kinase protein, followed by ZINC000000434197 for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, ZINC000087606977 for interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, and ZINC000014728393 for matrix metallopeptidase 9, the latter two showing higher affinity than the co-crystallized compound. The relatively high affinities to target proteins and the pharmacokinetic data obtained by in silico studies using SwisADME suggest a first step for the inclusion of promising new compounds in various more advanced studies, leading to the evaluation of efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Negru
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ada Radu
- Ducfarm Pharmacy, 410514 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Georgiana Tarce
- Medicine Program of Study, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Uivaraseanu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.-F.R.); (D.M.T.); (B.U.)
- Department of Surgery Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Aloke C, Ohanenye IC, Aja PM, Ejike CECC. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants from African forests with potentials in rheumatoid arthritis management. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1205-1219. [PMID: 35788356 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, pain, and cartilage and bone damage. There is currently no cure for RA. It is however managed using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, often with severe side effects. Hidden within Africa's lush vegetation are plants with diverse medicinal properties including anti-RA potentials. This paper reviews the scientific literature for medicinal plants, growing in Africa, with reported anti-RA activities and identifies the most abundant phytochemicals deserving research attention. A search of relevant published scientific literature, using the major search engines, such as Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. was conducted to identify medicinal plants, growing in Africa, with anti-RA potentials. KEY FINDINGS Twenty plants belonging to 17 families were identified. The plants are rich in phytochemicals, predominantly quercetin, rutin, catechin, kaempferol, etc., known to affect some pathways relevant in RA initiation and progression, and therefore useful in its management. SUMMARY Targeted research is needed to unlock the potentials of medicinal plants by developing easy-to-use technologies for preparing medicines from them. Research attention should focus on how best to exploit the major phytochemicals identified in this review for the development of anti-RA 'green pharmaceuticals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Aloke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ikenna C Ohanenye
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso E C C Ejike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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9
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Wei M, Su J, Ma Q, Zhang F, Wang J, Feng L, Jia X, Tan X. Erteng Tongbi Decoction ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice via modulating T cell differentiation and cytokines balance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114928. [PMID: 34929309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbs have been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been verified that Erteng Tongbi Decoction has good therapeutic effects on RA, while, relatively few studies on the relationship between its components and anti-rheumatoid efficacy were carried out. AIM OF THE STUDY To discuss the anti-RA effects of Erteng Tongbi Decoction on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and the influence of T cell differentiation and cytokines balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Separate researches on the two traditional Chinese medicines of the Erteng Tongbi Decoction were conducted. First, a murine peritoneal macrophage model was established, and then the cytokines levels and macrophage maturity were measured to select the best extraction solvent. Furthermore, ethanol extracts were partitioned successively with four kinds of solvents, and the anti-inflammatory parts were selected by the same vitro model. Subsequently, mice were arbitrarily divided into control, CIA model, positive control, effective parts alone or in combination. After 20 days of oral administration, the weight, hind paw volume, rheumatism index value, and the pathological changes were checked to assess the obvious level of arthritis. Furthermore, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17A in serum and the balance of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was detected. Finally, the major active constituents were identified. RESULTS In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts was much better than water extract. In addition, the effective parts of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. ethanol extract were petroleum ether parts and dichloromethane parts. The effective parts of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. ethanol extracts was petroleum ether parts and ethyl acetate parts screened. In vivo, effective parts compatibility could inhibit the progression of inflammation by modulating T cell differentiation and cytokines balance. Constituent analysis revealed that effective parts contained sesquiterpenes alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavanols. CONCLUSIONS Erteng Tongbi Decoction could notably ameliorate CIA mice by modulating T cell differentiation and cytokines balance and support its application in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiali Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jiayan Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qian Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Preparations, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine Preparations, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Om P, Gopinath MS, Madan Kumar P, Muthu Kumar SP, Kudachikar VB. Ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia buch ham ex. D. Don (Kainth): A bioaccessible source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114628. [PMID: 34517063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pyrus pashia Buch ham ex. D. Don (Kainth) fruit from the Himalayan region is traditionally consumed by native people in the form of decoctions for various clinical conditions including inflammatory diseases. However, scientific studies on the biofunctional properties of Kainth fruits are still scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY The study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kainth fruit extracts using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Free, esterified and bound fractions from the Kainth ethanolic extracts were prepared for determining the anti-inflammatory effect. The levels of 5-LOX and COX-2 were determined in vitro. The protein levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α & IL-10) were quantitated by ELISA method in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW macrophages. Also, the anti-inflammatory potential of the Kainth fruit extracts was determined using the carrageenan-induced mice paw edema model. The bioaccessibility of Kainth fruit extracts was measured using a simulated in vitro digestion system (salivary, gastric and intestinal). RESULTS The Kainth fruit extracts were partially purified to yield free, esterified and bound phenolics. Free and bound phenolics of Kainth fruits inhibited 5-Lipoxygenase, Cyclooxygenase-2 activities and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) expression in vitro. Also, oral administration of these extracts to the carrageenan-injected mice showed an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the cellular infiltration in paw tissues. Also, both the extracts showed better bioavailability and bioaccessibility in in vitro and in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that free and bound phenolics from Kainth fruits that are rich in catechin, epicatechin, arbutin and chlorogenic acid exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and could potentially be used to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Om
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - M S Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - P Madan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - S P Muthu Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - V B Kudachikar
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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11
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Baranwal A, Aggarwal P, Rai A, Kumar N. Pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms of Catechin: A review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:821-833. [PMID: 34477517 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210902162120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechin is a phytochemical and is a major component of our daily use beverages, which has shown great potential in improving general health and fighting against several medical conditions. Clinical studies have confirmed its effectiveness in conditions ranging from acute upper respiratory tract infection, neuroprotection, to cardio-protection effects. Though most studies relate their potential to anti-oxidative action and radical scavenging action, still the mechanism of action is not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE The present review article is focused on addressing various pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms of catechin. Additionally, we will try to figure out the major adverse effect and success in trials with catechin and lead to a conclusion for its effectiveness. METHODS This review article is based on the recent/ most cited papers of PubMed and Scopus databases. DESCRIPTION Catechin can regulate Nrf2 and NFkB pathways in ways that impact oxidative stress and inflammation by influencing gene expression. Other pathways like MAPKs and COMT and receptor tyrosine kinase are also affected by catechin and EGCG that alter their action and barge the cellular activity. This review article explored the structural aspect of catechin and its different isomers and analogs. It also evaluated its various therapeutic and pharmacological arrays . CONCLUSION Catechin and its stereo-isomers have shown their effectiveness as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-neuroprotective, bactericidal, memory enhancer, anti-arthritis, and hepato-protective mainly through its activity to alter the pathway by NF-κB, Nrf-2, TLR4/NF-κB, COMT, and MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadrika Baranwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnakata, India
| | - Punita Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, EPIP, Industrial Area, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Amita Rai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnakata, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, EPIP, Industrial Area, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
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Manan M, Saleem U, Akash MS, Qasim M, Hayat M, Raza Z, Ahmad B. Antiarthritic Potential of Comprehensively Standardized Extract of Alternanthera bettzickiana: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19478-19496. [PMID: 32803042 PMCID: PMC7424589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternanthera bettzickiana is being used as a folk remedy for treating arthritis by conventional healers in Thailand. The current research was undertaken to explore the antiarthritic potential of A. bettzickiana ethanolic extract (ABEE). Plant characterization, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo (ABEE at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg was administered orally to rats once daily for 28 days) studies to explore the antiarthritic effect and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)) in the serum and histopathological and radiographic assessment of joints were also carried out. Gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, and γ- and α-tocopherol were identified in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between these compounds and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The extract significantly subdued paw swelling and arthritic scoring, inhibited cachexia, and considerably improved biochemical and hematological modifications. SOD and CAT levels increased and the MDA level decreased in ABEE-treated rats dose-dependently. Radiographic and histopathological analyses also supported the antiarthritic effect of ABEE, which was linked with the downregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β and upregulation of IL-10, I-kB, and IL-4 as compared to disease control rats. Results suggested that A. bettzickiana possessed antiarthritic potential, supporting its folkloric use for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
Hamid Akash
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department
of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayat
- Department
of Biochemistry, Government College University,
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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13
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Li XZ, Zhang SN. Herbal compounds for rheumatoid arthritis: Literatures review and cheminformatics prediction. Phytother Res 2019; 34:51-66. [PMID: 31515874 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by autoimmunity, joint inflammation, and cartilage destruction, which affects 0.5-1% of the population. Many compounds from herbal medicines show the potentials to treat RA. On this basis, the compounds with good pharmacokinetic behaviors and drug-likeness properties will be further studied and developed. Therefore, the herbal compounds with anti-RA activities were reviewed in this paper, and the cheminformatics tools were used to predict their drug-likeness properties and pharmacokinetic parameters. A total of 90 herbal compounds were analyzed, which were reported to be effective on RA models through anti-inflammation, chondroprotection, immunoregulation, antiangiogenesis, and antioxidation. Most of the herbal compounds have good drug-likeness properties. Most of the compounds can be an alternative and valuable source for anti-RA drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, PR China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, PR China
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14
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Islam S, Shajib MS, Rashid RB, Khan MF, Al-Mansur MA, Datta BK, Rashid MA. Antinociceptive activities of Artocarpus lacucha Buch-ham (Moraceae) and its isolated phenolic compound, catechin, in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:214. [PMID: 31412852 PMCID: PMC6694492 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the bark of Artocarpus lacucha, which is used for the treatment of stomachache, headache and boils in the traditional system of medicine. Methods The antinociceptive activity was investigated by the tail immersion, hot plate, acetic acid- & formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests using a hydro-methanolic extract of A. lacucha bark. The plant extract was found to contain a substantial amount of phenolic compounds according to the total phenolic and flavonoid content assay. A phenolic metabolite, (+)-catechin, has been isolated using different chromatographic techniques. The compound was characterized with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. (+)-catechin, isolated from A. lacucha was assessed for antinociceptive effects swiss albino mice. Furthermore, the possible involvement of opioid receptors and ATP-sensitive K+ channel for the effect of the plant extract and (+)-catechin has been justified using naloxone and glibenclamide, respectively. Results Oral administration (p.o) of the plant extract (50–200 mg/Kg b.w.) resulted in significant thermal pain protection in the hot plate and tail immersion tests. The action of the plant extract was significantly antagonized by naloxone, a non-selective opioid antagonist, in the hot plate and tail immersion tests, which supports the involvement of opioid receptors. Both the plant extract and (+)-catechin, (50–200 mg/Kg b.w., p.o.) significantly diminished the acetic acid- & formalin-induced nociception, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, significantly reversed their effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test which indicates the participation of ATP-sensitive K+ channel system. Conclusions The investigation revealed potential central and peripheral antinociceptive effects of A. lacucha bark supports its applications in the traditional system of medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2565-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Quiñonez-Bastidas GN, Pineda-Farias JB, Flores-Murrieta FJ, Rodríguez-Silverio J, Reyes-García JG, Godínez-Chaparro B, Granados-Soto V, Rocha-González HI. Antinociceptive effect of (-)-epicatechin in inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:270-279. [PMID: 28590304 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive potential of (-)-epicatechin and the possible mechanisms of action involved in its antinociceptive effect. The carrageenan and formalin tests were used as inflammatory pain models. A plethysmometer was used to measure inflammation and L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation as a neuropathic pain model. Oral (-)-epicatechin reduced carrageenan-induced inflammation and nociception by about 59 and 73%, respectively, and reduced formalin- induced and nerve injury-induced nociception by about 86 and 43%, respectively. (-)-Epicatechin-induced antinociception in the formalin test was prevented by the intraperitoneal administration of antagonists: methiothepin (5-HT1/5 receptor), WAY-100635 (5-HT1A receptor), SB-224289 (5-HT1B receptor), BRL-15572 (5-HT1D receptor), SB-699551 (5-HT5A receptor), naloxone (opioid receptor), CTAP (μ opioid receptor), nor-binaltorphimine (κ opioid receptor), and 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (δ1 opioid receptor). The effect of (-)-epicatechin was also prevented by the intraperitoneal administration of L-NAME [nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor], 7-nitroindazole (neuronal NO synthase inhibitor), ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K channel blocker), 4-aminopyridine (voltage-dependent K channel blocker), and iberiotoxin (large-conductance Ca-activated K channel blocker), but not by amiloride (acid sensing ion channel blocker). The data suggest that (-)-epicatechin exerts its antinociceptive effects by activation of the NO-cyclic GMP-K channels pathway, 5-HT1A/1B/1D/5A serotonergic receptors, and μ/κ/δ opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanna N Quiñonez-Bastidas
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional.,Department of Biological Systems, Division of Biological Sciences and Health, UAM-Xochimilco
| | | | - Francisco J Flores-Murrieta
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional.,Pharmacology Research Unit, INER, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Silverio
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional
| | - Juan G Reyes-García
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional
| | | | | | - Héctor I Rocha-González
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional
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Comparative Studies of Different Extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. against Rheumatoid Arthritis in CIA Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7379893. [PMID: 30105062 PMCID: PMC6076936 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7379893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To compare efficacy of different extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. with both immune inflammation and joint destruction in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Rats were divided into normal group (Nor), control group (CIA), TG group (treated with tripterygium glycoside), E70 group (treated with 70% ethanol extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), EA group (treated with ethyl acetate fraction from E70), and EN group (treated with n-butyl alcohol fraction from E70). All extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. could significantly inhibit ankle swelling, pathological manifestations, and cytokine levels in serum and spleen, by using foot volume measurement, H&E staining, ELISA, and RT-QPCR methods, respectively. All extracts could significantly inhibit rough joint surface and marginal osteophytes, improve RANKL/OPG ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expression, by using micro-CT and immunohistochemical staining. The activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway was also inhibited by all extracts. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction from E70 presented better effect on RANKL/OPG system. This study identified effective extracts from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. relieving immune inflammation and maintaining structural integrity of joints in CIA rats.
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Little CH, Combet E, McMillan DC, Horgan PG, Roxburgh CSD. The role of dietary polyphenols in the moderation of the inflammatory response in early stage colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2310-2320. [PMID: 26066365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.997866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current focus in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is on reducing overall mortality by increasing the number of early-stage cancers diagnosed and treated with curative intent. Despite the success of screening programs in down-staging CRC, interval cancer rates are substantial and other strategies are desirable. Sporadic CRC is largely associated with lifestyle factors including diet. Polyphenols are phytochemicals ingested as part of a normal diet, which are abundant in plant foods including fruits/berries and vegetables. These may exert their anti-carcinogenic effects via the modulation of inflammatory pathways. Key signal transduction pathways are fundamental to the association of inflammation and disease progression including those mediated by NF-κB and STAT, PI3K and COX. Our aim was to examine the evidence for the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on tumor and host inflammatory responses to determine if polyphenols may be effective as part of a dietary intervention. There is good epidemiological evidence of a reduction in CRC risk from case-control and cohort studies assessing polyphenol intake. It would be premature to suggest a major public health intervention to promote their consumption; however, dietary change is safe and feasible, emphasizing the need for further investigation of polyphenols and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Little
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - E Combet
- b Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospital , Glasgow , UK
| | - D C McMillan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - P G Horgan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - C S D Roxburgh
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
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18
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A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. J Med Food 2017; 20:568-576. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Zhao J, Liu T, Xu F, You S, Xu F, Li C, Gu Z. Anti-arthritic Effects of Total Flavonoids from Juniperus sabina on Complete Freund's Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:178-83. [PMID: 27601846 PMCID: PMC4989791 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.186346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Twigs and leaves of Juniperus sabina L. have been traditionally used as the medicinal herb in China for the treatment of many ailments including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aims: To confirm the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids from J. sabina (JSTF) on RA-induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Settings and Design: Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of CFA into the right hind metatarsal footpad. JSTF was administered orally at the dose of 125,250 and 500 mg/kg on 14 days after the induction of adjuvant arthritis. Tripterygium glycoside (20 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Paw swelling, arthritic score, body weight loss, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and histological change were measured. Results: We found that JSTF could ameliorate paw swelling of CFA rats, and significantly inhibit arthritic score (P < 0.05). The overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta were remarkably suppressed in the serum of JSTF (125,500 mg/kg) treated rats (P < 0.05). Histopathological studies also showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of JSTF-treated animals. Six flavonoids were isolated and from JSTF by various chromatographic methods and identified as follows: Catechin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnoside, and rutin. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential therapeutically effect of JSTF as an anti-arthritis agent toward CFA-induced arthritis in rats, and verified therapeutic applications of J. sabina on RA in folk medicine. SUMMARY Twigs and leaves of Juniperus sabina L. have been traditionally used as the medicinal herb in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis JSTF could ameliorate paw swelling of CFA rats, and significantly inhibit arthritic score Histopathological studies showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of JSTF-treated animals Six flavonoids were isolated and from JSTF including: Catechin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L- rhamnoside, and rutin.
Abbreviations used: JSTF: Total flavonoids from Juniperus sabina; CFA: Complete Freund's Adjuvant; TG: Tripterygium glycoside; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin 1beta; IL-6: Interleukin 6; H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Shuping You
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China
| | - Zhengyi Gu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China
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Yimam M, Lee YC, Jiao P, Hong M, Nam JB, Brownell L, Hyun E, Jia Q. UP1306, a Botanical Composition with Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effect. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:186-92. [PMID: 27365987 PMCID: PMC4908847 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.182918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pain, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation, is the most common clinical manifestations of arthritis. Conventional pain relief therapy heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes deleterious gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side-effects. Hence, there is an equivocal need for evidence-based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominent and disabling symptoms of arthritis. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and abdominal constriction (writhing's) assays in mouse were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of UP1306, a composition that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba administered orally at dose ranges of 100–300 mg/kg. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assays were carried out to determine the IC50 of Acacia and Morus extracts. The merit of combining these two extracts was also assessed. Results: Statistically significant improvement in pain resistance and suppression of edema were observed in animals treated with UP1306, when compared to vehicle-treated diseased rats and mice. Results from the high dose of UP1306 (300 mg/kg) were similar to those achieved by ibuprofen treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg in early hours of treatment. In vitro, UP1306 showed dose-dependent inhibition of the enzymatic activities of COX and LO with IC50 values of 20.9 μg/mL, 49.2 μg/mL, and 11.1 μg/mL in COX-1, COX-2, and 5’-LO, respectively. Conclusions: These data suggest that UP1306, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin with dual COX-LO inhibition activity, could potentially be used to alleviate symptom associated to osteoarthritis. SUMMARY
Pain is the most common clinical manifestations of arthritis Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and abdominal constriction (writhing's) assays in mouse are among the widely used models to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of nutraceuticals Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (LO) inhibition assays were carried out to determine the IC50 of Acacia and Morus extracts. Efficacy of UP1306, a composition containing a blend of two standardized extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and root bark of Morus alba, was evaluated in the above models. UP1306 demonstrated its enhanced significance by improving the major cardinal signs of arthritis in vivo and inflammation markers in vitro. UP1306 could potentially be considered as a dietary supplement product for the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1 Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1 Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1 Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jeong-Bum Nam
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | | | - Eujin Hyun
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1 Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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21
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Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia. J Nat Med 2016; 70:760-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kumar LD, Karthik R, Gayathri N, Sivasudha T. Advancement in contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 79:52-61. [PMID: 27044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is intended to provide a summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology. Bone degradation, cartilage and synovial destruction are three major pathways of RA pathology. Sentinel cells includes dendritic cells, macrophages and mast cells bound with the auto antigens and initiate the inflammation of the joints. Those cells further activates the immune cells on synovial membrane by releasing inflammatory cytokines Interleukin 1, 6, 17, etc., Diagnosis of this disease is a combinational approach comprises radiological imaging, blood and serology markers assessment. The treatment of RA still remain inadequate due to the lack of knowledge in disease development. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs and corticosteroid are the commercial drugs to reduce pain, swelling and suppressing several disease factors. Arthroscopy will be an useful method while severe degradation of joint tissues. Gene therapy is a major advancement in RA. Suppressor gene locus of inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes were inserted into the affected area to reduce the disease progression. To overcome the issues aroused from those therapies like side effects and expenses, phytocompounds have been investigated and certain compounds are proved for their anti-arthritic potential. Furthermore certain complementary alternative therapies like yoga, acupuncture, massage therapy and tai chi have also been proved for their capability in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil nadu, India
| | - R Karthik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil nadu, India
| | - N Gayathri
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil nadu, India
| | - T Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil nadu, India.
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Wang T, Ding L, Jin H, Shi R, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhu L, Ma Y. Simultaneous quantification of catechin, epicatechin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, piperine and glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study of Longhu Rendan pills. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Huajia Jin
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
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Yimam M, Lee YC, Kim TW, Moore B, Jiao P, Hong M, Kim HJ, Nam JB, Kim MR, Oh JS, Cleveland S, Hyun EJ, Chu M, Jia Q. Analgesic and anti-Inflammatory effect of UP3005, a botanical composition Containing two standardized extracts of Uncaria gambir and Morus alba. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:S39-46. [PMID: 26109786 PMCID: PMC4466767 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.157995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation exhibited by clinical symptoms such as joint swelling, synovitis, and inflammatory pain. Present day pain relief therapeutics heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes detrimental gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side-effects. As a result, the need for evidence based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominent and disabling symptoms of arthritis is a necessity. Materials and Methods: Describe the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of UP3005, a composition that contains a standardized blend of two extracts from the leaf of Uncaria gambir and the root bark of Morus alba in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, abdominal constriction (writhing’s) and ear swelling assays in mouse with oral dose ranges of 100–400 mg/kg. Results: In vivo, statistically significant improvement in pain resistance, and suppression of paw edema and ear thickness in animals treated with UP3005 were observed compared with vehicle-treated diseased rats and mice. Ibuprofen was used a reference compound in all the studies. In vitro, enzymatic inhibition activities of UP3005 were determined with IC50 values of 12.4 μg/ml, 39.8 μg/ml and 13.6 μg/ml in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1), COX-2 and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme activity assay, respectively. Conclusions: These data suggest that UP3005, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin with balanced dual COX-LOX inhibition activity, could potentially be used for symptom management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | | | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Jeong-Bum Nam
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Kim
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Oh
- Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | | | - Eu-Jin Hyun
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Min Chu
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
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Flavocoxid, a nutraceutical approach to blunt inflammatory conditions. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:790851. [PMID: 25242871 PMCID: PMC4158568 DOI: 10.1155/2014/790851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, from Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap) and Acacia catechu (black catechu), have been shown to exert a variety of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Flavocoxid is a mixed extract containing baicalin and catechin and it acts as a dual balanced inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 peroxidase enzyme activities with a significant inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme activity in vitro. Flavocoxid downregulates gene or protein expression of several inflammatory markers and exerts also strong antioxidant activity in several experimental models. Controlled clinical trials and a postmarketing study have clearly shown that flavocoxid is as effective as naproxen in managing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee and it has better upper gastrointestinal, renal, and respiratory safety profile than naproxen. Flavocoxid may therefore provide a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Yimam M, Brownell L, Pantier M, Jia Q. UP446, analgesic and anti-inflammatory botanical composition. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:139-45. [PMID: 23901209 PMCID: PMC3719252 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Long-term use of currently available therapies for RA produces adverse effects that limit dosage and duration; hence there is a need for safe and effective alternatives suitable for long term chronic use. UP446, a composition consisting primarily of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Family: Lamiaceae) and (+)-catechin from the heartwoods of Acacia catechu (Family: Mimosaceae), has been previously shown to reduce production of eicosanoids and leukotrienes through dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes and to decreased mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Aim: To evaluate the likelihood of UP446 in moderating arthritis and its associated symptoms in an experimental animal model of RA. Materials and Methods: A RA rat model was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into left and right hind paw and base of the tail. Animals were administered UP446 (50 mg/kg), ibuprofen (150 mg/kg mg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage 30 min prior to arthritis induction and each day thereafter for 14 days. Result: Animals treated with UP446 showed 23.7, 31.9, 33.4, 29.3, and 33.1% reduction in pain sensitivity; 46.0, 36.7, 33.7, 34.8, and 33.4% reduction in ankle diameter on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13; respectively; compared to vehicle. Similarly paw edema was significantly reduced with an average of 30% for the first inflammatory reaction period (day 1–8) followed by 37.1 and 33.6% reduction on day 9 and 13. Conclusion: These data indicate potential benefit of UP446 in alleviating symptoms of RA and support human clinical evaluation of this botanical composition in patients with RA.
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Tseng-Crank J, Sung S, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Burnett B, Park DR, Woo SS. A medicinal plant extract of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Acacia catechu reduced LPS-stimulated gene expression in immune cells: a comprehensive genomic study using QPCR, ELISA, and microarray. J Diet Suppl 2012; 7:253-72. [PMID: 22432516 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.493169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A standardized, combined flavonoid extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu, UP446, demonstrates favorable anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, DNA microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to study the effect of UP446 on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory gene regulation of both animal and human immortalized cell lines and also primary human cells. One consistent result from microarray was that the gene expression levels stimulated or suppressed by LPS were returned to normal levels by the UP446 co-treatment. This normalization effect from UP446 was also shown for pro-inflammatory genes cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 using QPCR, and TNF-α using ELISA. The controlling transcriptional factor of these genes, NFκB, was also down-regulated by UP446 in the LPS-induced cell models. Microarray analysis for numerous genes, including cytokines, chemokines, receptors, transcriptional factors, caspase, growth factors, and phosphatases, suggests not only a genomic anti-inflammatory activity for UP446 but also signaling pathways of cell proliferation, cell death, and lipid metabolism demonstrated on different types of cells.
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28
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Moreira LQ, Vilela FC, Orlandi L, Dias DF, Santos ALA, da Silva MA, Paiva R, Alves-da-Silva G, Giusti-Paiva A. Anti-inflammatory effect of extract and fractions from the leaves of Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:610-615. [PMID: 22008877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Byrsonima intermedia is commonly used for its antiseptic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in Brazilian folk medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema and fibrovascular tissue growth, which was induced by subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet, were used as acute and chronic animal models of inflammation to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract and the individual ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions of Byrsonima intermedia and catechin. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the aqueous extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia. RESULTS The crude aqueous extract at test doses of 30-300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema, as did the ethyl acetate (100mg/kg) and aqueous fractions (30-100mg/kg). In the chronic inflammation rat animal model with fibrovascular tissue growth, the aqueous extract of Byrsonima intermedia (BiAE) at doses of 30-300 mg/kg and the individual EtOAc and aqueous fractions at doses of 30-100mg/kg and catechin significantly reduced the formation of granulomatous tissue. The presence of catechin and phenolic compounds in the extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia was confirmed using HPLC. CONCLUSION BiAE and the individual EtOAc and aqueous fractions of Byrsonima intermedia exhibited chronic and acute anti-inflammatory efficacy in rats, which supports previous claims of its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara Q Moreira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas - MG, Brazil
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Pinexol inhibits in vitro inflammatory biomarkers by blocking NF-κB signaling pathway and protects mice from lethal endotoxemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-011-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chuang YC, Yoshimura N, Huang CC, Wu M, Tyagi P, Chancellor MB. Expression of E-series prostaglandin (EP) receptors and urodynamic effects of an EP4 receptor antagonist on cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder in rats. BJU Int 2011; 106:1782-7. [PMID: 20346049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of four subtypes of E-series prostaglandin (EP(1) -EP(4) ) receptors and the urodynamic effects of an EP(4) receptor antagonist (AH23848) in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced overactive bladder (OAB) in rats, as intravesical prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) induces OAB via activation of EP receptors and sensitization of afferent nerves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental and control rats were injected with CYP (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline, respectively. Continuous cystometrograms (CMGs) were performed 48 h after CYP or saline injection under urethane anaesthesia. AH23848 was given intravenously at doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg. The bladder was then harvested for histology. Some bladders were harvested for analysis of EP receptors expression by Western blotting without a CMG study. CMG variables (baseline pressure; intercontraction interval [ICI], pressure threshold [PT], contraction amplitude) and histological changes were measured. RESULTS CYP-induced up-regulation of EP(4) receptor (100% increase) accompanied by detrusor overactivity (ICI 70.5% decrease; PT, 67.7% increase). However, CYP down-regulated EP(1) receptor expression (51.9% decrease), but had no significant effects on the EP(2) and EP(3) receptors. AH23848 significantly extended the ICI in CYP-treated rats but it had no effects on other urodynamic variables or in control rats. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of EP receptors plays a role in CYP-induced OAB. Antagonists to the EP(4) receptor may be a new target for treatment of patients with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chi Chuang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Korte G, Dreiseitel A, Schreier P, Oehme A, Locher S, Geiger S, Heilmann J, Sand PG. Tea catechins' affinity for human cannabinoid receptors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:19-22. [PMID: 19897346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the many known health benefits of tea catechins count anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, as well as effects on the regulation of food intake. Here we address cannabimimetic bioactivity of catechin derivatives occurring in tea leaves as a possible cellular effector of these functionalities. Competitive radioligand binding assays using recombinant human cannabinoid receptors expressed in Chem-1 and CHO cells identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, EGCG (K(i)=33.6 microM), (-)-epigallocatechin, EGC (K(i)=35.7 microM), and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, ECG (K(i)=47.3 microM) as ligands with moderate affinity for type 1 cannabinoid receptors, CB1. Binding to CB2 was weaker with inhibition constants exceeding 50 microM for EGC and ECG. The epimers (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin exhibited negligible affinities for both CB1 and CB2. It can be concluded that central nervous cannabinoid receptors may be targeted by selected tea catechins but signaling via peripheral type receptors is less likely to play a major role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Korte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, H4 R97 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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