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Zakalskiy A, Stasyuk N, Gonchar M. Creatinine Deiminase: Characterization, Using in Enzymatic Creatinine Assay, and Production of the Enzyme. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:465-470. [PMID: 30426898 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181114111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the review is description of the main characteristics of creatinine deiminase (CDI), an important bioanalytical tool for creatinine (Crn) assay. Crn is an essential metabolite for diagnostics of kidney disfunction and some other diseases, a biomarker to control the hemodialysis procedure, as well as an important analyte for sport medicine (estimation of general physiological status of athletes). We have described the important sources for CDI isolation, cloning of the corresponding gene, the construction of microbial recombinant strains, overproducing CDI, and characteristics of the enzyme from different microorganisms. There are reviewing also the new bioanalytical methods for quantitative determination of Crn, including enzymatic ones based on using CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zakalskiy
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005, Lviv, Ukraine.,Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 11 Kostiushko Str., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Stasyuk
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005, Lviv, Ukraine.,Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 11 Kostiushko Str., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine
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Sherman SB, Sarsour N, Salehi M, Schroering A, Mell B, Joe B, Hill JW. Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:400-421. [PMID: 29469650 PMCID: PMC6219642 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1441664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditions of excess androgen in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), often exhibit intergenerational transmission. One way in which the risk for PCOS may be increased in daughters of affected women is through exposure to elevated androgens in utero. Hyperandrogenemic conditions have serious health consequences, including increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been found to induce hypertension in rats, such that blood pressure can be normalized through fecal microbial transplant. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypertension seen in PCOS has early origins in gut dysbiosis caused by in utero exposure to excess androgen. We investigated this hypothesis with a model of prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure and maternal hyperandrogenemia by single-injection of testosterone cypionate or sesame oil vehicle (VEH) to pregnant dams in late gestation. We then completed a gut microbiota and cardiometabolic profile of the adult female offspring. RESULTS The metabolic assessment revealed that adult PNA rats had increased body weight and increased mRNA expression of adipokines: adipocyte binding protein 2, adiponectin, and leptin in inguinal white adipose tissue. Radiotelemetry analysis revealed hypertension with decreased heart rate in PNA animals. The fecal microbiota profile of PNA animals contained higher relative abundance of bacteria associated with steroid hormone synthesis, Nocardiaceae and Clostridiaceae, and lower abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridium. The PNA animals also had an increased relative abundance of bacteria associated with biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). CONCLUSIONS We found that prenatal exposure to excess androgen negatively impacted cardiovascular function by increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate. Prenatal androgen was also associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and altered abundance of bacteria involved in metabolite production of short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that early-life exposure to hyperandrogenemia in daughters of women with PCOS may lead to long-term alterations in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermel B. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Nadeen Sarsour
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Marziyeh Salehi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Allen Schroering
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Blair Mell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH,Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH,Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Jennifer W. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH,CONTACT Jennifer W. Hill, PhD Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Mail Stop 1008, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo OH 43614
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Altunoğlu A, Erten Ş, Şahin A, Işıkoğlu S, Neşelioğlu S, Erzurum C, Erel Ö. Serum cystatin C is not an appropriate marker for kidney involvement in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 20:371-375. [PMID: 25367815 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate serum cystatin C (cysC) levels in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients, and evaluate its correlation with renal involment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-six pSS patients and 65 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Serum cysC, urea, serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CrCl), glomerular filtration rates (GFR), Na, K, Mg, Ca, uric acid, P, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, antinuclear antibodies, 24-h urinary poteinuria and microalbuminuria were evaluated. RESULTS Mean serum cysC levels did not differ between the patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05). Nine patients with pSS had proteinuria over 150 mg (and microalbuminuria over 30 mg) per 24 h. In patients with proteinuria, serum cysC levels correlated with serum K (r = 0.279, P = 0.024), ESR (r = 0.405, P = 0.001) and the disease duration (r = 0.235, P = 0.04), respectively. Patients with positive anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies had higher SCr levels compared to those with negative serology (r = 0.292, P = 0.009, and r = 0.259, P = 0.022, respectively). Nine patients with proteinuria and anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B positivity tended to have lower K and Mg levels which suggests subclinical renal tubular acidosis. CONCLUSION There were no associations between serum cysC levels and renal involvement in patients with pSS. However, in patients with proteinuria, serum cysC levels were correlated with acute-phase reactants, suggesting an association with disease activity in terms of degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Altunoğlu
- Department of Nephrology, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Bilkent-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Şahin
- Department of Rheumatology, Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Semra Işıkoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cahide Erzurum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diyarbakır Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Adamczyk A, Niedźwiecka I, Fornal E. The renal effects of vanadate exposure: potential biomarkers and oxidative stress as a mechanism of functional renal disorders--preliminary studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:740105. [PMID: 24605335 PMCID: PMC3925536 DOI: 10.1155/2014/740105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in the levels/activities of selected biomarkers for detecting kidney toxicity and in the levels of some oxidative stress (OS) markers and elements were studied in male rats to evaluate biochemically the degree of kidney damage, investigate the role of OS in the mechanism of functional renal disorders, reveal potential biomarkers of renal function, and assess the renal mineral changes in the conditions of a 12-week sodium metavanadate (SMV, 0.125 mg V/mL) exposure. The results showed that OS is involved in the mechanism underlying the development of SMV-induced functional renal disturbances. They also suggest that the urinary cystatin C (CysCu) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1u) could be the most appropriate to evaluate renal function at the conditions of SMV intoxication when the fluid intake, excreted urinary volume (EUV), body weight (BW), and the urinary creatinine excretion (Creu) decreased. The use of such tests as the urinary lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (LDHu, ALPu, GGTPu, and NAGu) seems not to be valid given their reduced activities. The use of only traditional biomarkers of renal function in these conditions may, in turn, be insufficient because their alterations are greatly influenced by the changes in the fluid intake and/or BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irmina Niedźwiecka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
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Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate From Serum Cystatin C and Creatinine in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction. J Med Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10011-011-0044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate From Serum Cystatin C and Creatinine in Patients with Thyroid DysfunctionGiven that thyroid function influences serum cystatin C and creatinine levels, the question arises as to whether it is possible to accurately estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with thyroid dysfunction. The objective of the study was to determine serum cystatin C and creatinine levels and estimate GFR in patients with thyroid dysfunction. The study included 32 cases with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism and 27 cases with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism, as well as 20 healthy controls matched for sex and age with the cases. Serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), creatinine and cystatin C were measured in all study subjects. GFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and cystatin C-based equations. Serum cystatin C levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroid subjects compared to controls (1.32±0.31 vs. 0.89±0.15; p<0.01). Serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in hyperthyroid subjects compared to controls (60.6±10.2 vs. 76.4±8.6; p<0.01), and significantly higher in hypothyroid subjects compared to controls (94.5±13.2 vs. 76.4±8.6; p<0.01). GFR estimated with the MDRD equations was significantly higher in hyperthyroid subjects compared to hypothyroid subjects (101.6±20.7 vs. 64.1±11.6 mL/min/1.73m2; p<0.01). GFR estimated with the equation based on serum cystatin C was significantly lower in hyperthyroid subjects compared to hypothyroid subjects (59.2±22.1 vs. 92.1±16.0 mL/min/1.73m2; p<0.01). Although serum cystatin C is regarded a reliable marker of GFR and more sensitive than serum creatinine, it has limitations in patients with thyroid dysfunction, due to significant changes in its serum concentrations regardless of renal function. In patients with thyroid dysfunction GFR should therefore be estimated using the equations based on serum creatinine.
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