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Wei Q, Wei C, Harada K, Minamoto K, Okamoto Y, Otsuka M, Ueda A. Evaluation of Allergenicity of Constituents of Myoga Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:463-70. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoga ( Zingiber Myoga Roscoe) is a perennial plant with a pungent smell from its flower buds. It is native to East Asia and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the allergenicity of myoga related to its major chemical components, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene, which are supposed to be the causative agents of contact dermatitis among myoga cultivators. We performed a toxicity study of the volatile constituents of myoga using the local lymph node assay (LLNA), in which limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene had positive responses and the EC3 was 35.8%, 8.22%, and 0.54%, respectively. EC3 for both α-pinene and β-pinene was over 100%. Both chemicals failed to induce positive responses in the LLNA. While the maximization rating of limonene, limonene oxide and phellandrene were evaluated as moderate, extreme, and extreme respectively, α-pinene and β-pinene were evaluated as weak in the previously reported GPMT. The usage of LLNA was also confirmed by comparing with previously reported GPMT results to detect the allergenicity of myoga constituents. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myoga constituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and the condition of the skin are supposed to be important factors. In conclusion, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene are constituents of myoga which revealed their allergenicity by the LLNA. The usefulness of the LLNA to detect the allergenicity of myoga constituents was also confirmed when considering the differences between the LLNA in the present study and the previously reported GPMT. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myoga constituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and condition of the skin are all important factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q.J. Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - C.N. Wei
- Department of Preventive and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - K. Harada
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - K. Minamoto
- Department of Preventive and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Y. Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - M. Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - A. Ueda
- Department of Preventive and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wei Q, Harada K, Ohmori S, Minamoto K, Wei C, Ueda A. Toxicity Study of the Volatile Constituents of
Myoga
Utilizing Acute Dermal Irritation Assays and the Guinea‐Pig Maximization Test. J Occup Health 2006; 48:480-6. [PMID: 17179641 DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoga is a fragrant plant which is the special product of Japan and is cultivated throughout Japan. According to our earlier investigation (unpublished data) of myoga cultivators in Japan, 8 of 35 cultivators experienced contact dermatitis in the harvest season. The purpose of this study was to assess the allergenicity of myoga and its major volatile components. The volatile components of myoga were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). They included a-pinene, beta-pinene and R-(+)-limonene. We performed a toxicity study of each of the major fragrant components of myoga using acute dermal irritation assays and the Guinea-Pig Maximization test (GPMT) in order to probe the mechanism of allergic contact dermatitis. In acute dermal irritation assays, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene showed positive responses at concentrations of 4%; limonene oxide at 20% and myoga showed a positive response at concentrations of 100%. From the results of the GPMT, according to Kligman scores, limonene oxide was identified as an extreme skin sensitizer and myoga as a mild skin sensitizer. The results of the present study show that R-(+)-limonene is the most important allergen amongst the chemical components of myoga, and we consider it to be the reason why myoga cultivators experience allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Wei
- Department of Preventive and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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