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Zanvit P, Havlíčková M, Táčner J, Novotná O, Jirkovská M, Čechová D, Julák J, Šterzl I, Prokešová L. Protective and cross-protective mucosal immunization of mice by influenza virus type A with bacterial adjuvant. Immunol Lett 2008; 115:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Lomáková I, Petrásková P, Sterzl I, Prokesová L. Immunomodulatory effects ofBacillus firmus on mouse peritoneal cellsin Vitro. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:243-7. [PMID: 17004658 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nonpathogenic G+ bacterium B. firmus (BF) on stimulation of mouse peritoneal cells in vitro was evaluated by testing nitric-oxide-synthesis induction and cytokine formation. The reactivity was compared of peritoneal cells from two inbred mouse strains, C57B1/6 and BALB/c, which differ in their immunological reactivity. Peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6 produced more nitric oxide after a 1-d cultivation with inactivated BF than those of BALB/c mice. In both strains, production can be further increased by adding exogenous IFN-gamma to the culture. There were no significant differences between peritoneal cells of these two mouse strains in cytokine production after optimal in vitro stimulation with BF. BF effectively activated peritoneal cells for the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-10, delipidated bacterium (DBF) being more efficient than BF in induction of IL-10 and TNF-alpha. On the other hand, BF had only small effect on IFN-gamma production and no detectable effect on IL-12 production. Macrophage activation by BF/DBF can represent one of the mechanisms responsible for previously described immunomodulatory activity of BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lomáková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
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3
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Havlícková M, Prokesová L, Zanvit P, Tácner J, Limberková R. Adjuvant effect ofBacillus firmus in intranasal immunization of guinea pigs with inactivated type B influenza virus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:154-6. [PMID: 16821727 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal immunization of guinea pigs with inactivated type B influenza virus plus inactivated Bacillus firmus as an adjuvant compared to the virus alone yields higher titers of serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies. This phenomenon could be useful in standard serology, especially in the preparation of immune sera against highly pathogenic strains for in vitro diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Havlícková
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 100 42 Prague, Czechia.
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4
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Mlcková P, Polácek M, Cechová D, Marusková L, Stanková I, Chalupná P, Novotná O, Julák J, Prokesová L. Intratracheal and intranasal immunization with ovalbumin conjugated withBacillus firmus as a carrier in mice. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2005; 50:247-53. [PMID: 16295664 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated Bacillus firmus (BF), G+ nonpathogenic bacterium of the external environment, was coupled to ovalbumin (OVA) and used in immunization experiments as antigen carrier. Balb/c mice were immunized thrice intra-tracheally and intra-nasally with conjugates of OVA and BF. Surprisingly, administration of OVA-BF conjugates inhibited anti-OVA IgG response in both sera and mucosal secretions if compared to an exposure to OVA alone. The suppression of antigen-specific antibody production was accompanied by promotion of TH1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mlcková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Zanvit P, Havlícková M, Tácner J, Jirkovská M, Petrásková P, Novotná O, Cechová D, Julák J, Sterzl I, Prokesová L. Immune response after adjuvant mucosal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza virus. Immunol Lett 2005; 97:251-9. [PMID: 15752565 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Satisfactory mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is very important for protection against influenza. It can be achieved only by mucosal immunization. Mucosal vaccination with inactivated influenza virus may not be sufficiently effective and suitable adjuvants are therefore sought. We tested intratracheal immunization of mice with inactivate B type influenza virus in a mixture with formolized G+ bacterium Bacillus firmus, whose adjuvant effects have previously been documented in another system. The treatment resulted in a marked increase of both systemic and mucosal antibody response in IgG and IgA classes. Stimulation of T lymphocytes after adjuvant immunization was very mild, no proliferation taking place after specific stimulation with antigen in vitro. However, slightly increased systemic (spleen) and local (lungs) production of cytokines without perceptible Th1/Th2 polarization was determined. B. firmus is an efficient adjuvant in respiratory tract immunization while with subcutaneous immunization it lowers the antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zanvit
- Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Studnickova 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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6
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Sprott GD, Dicaire CJ, Gurnani K, Deschatelets LA, Krishnan L. Liposome adjuvants prepared from the total polar lipids of Haloferax volcanii, Planococcus spp. and Bacillus firmus differ in ability to elicit and sustain immune responses. Vaccine 2004; 22:2154-62. [PMID: 15149772 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune stimulating activity was compared for lipid vesicles consisting of the total polar lipids of an archaeon Haloferax volcanii, and the eubacteria Planococcus spp. and Bacillus firmus. Each total polar lipid extract readily formed liposomes of similar size, within which the protein antigen ovalbumin was entrapped, with comparable loading and internalization. Subcutaneous immunization of mice resulted in anti-ovalbumin antibody titers for all adjuvants, with memory recall responses that were significantly greater with the archaeal lipid (H. volcanii versus Planococcus). More striking, induction of cytotoxic T cell activity against the entrapped antigen, measured 10 days following a single vaccination (primary response) rapidly declined by week 7 (secondary response after injections on days 0 and 21) in mice immunized with Planococcus spp. liposomes, but was sustained in mice immunized with H. volcanii archaeosomes. Surprisingly, antigen free-Planococcus liposomes evoked potent non-specific inflammatory cytokine production (IL-12 and IL-6) by dendritic cells whereas archaeal H. volcanii vesicles evoked little inflammatory cytokines. This suggested that overt inflammatory response might not necessarily aid sustenance of immunity. B. firmus liposomes consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin and was an ineffective CTL adjuvant, even for initiating a primary response. Considering that the polar lipids of H. volcanii and Planococcus spp. both consist of the same lipid classes (sulfoglycolipids, phosphoglycerols, and cardiolipins), the unique ability of archaeosomes to maintain antigen-specific T cell immunity may be attributable to a property of the archaeal 2,3-diphytanylglycerol lipid core.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Sprott
- Immunochemistry, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0R6.
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7
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Mlcková P, Cechová D, Marusková L, Chalupná P, Novotná O, Prokesová L. Role of T cells in the adjuvant effect of Bacillus firmus on the immune system of mice: intranasal and intratracheal immunization study with ovalbumin. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:427-34. [PMID: 12879759 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Functions of T cells were determined after intranasal and intratracheal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and Bacillus firmus (Bf), a Gram-positive nonpathogenic bacterium of the external environment, or delipidated Bf (dBf) as adjuvants, with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of support of Ova-specific antibody production caused by Bf that had been observed in an identical experiment. Neither Bf nor dBf in a mixture with Ova stimulated Ova-specific T-cell response tested as antigen-specific blast transformation. By contrast, a mild polyclonal stimulation was observed in splenocytes from mice given dBf. In vitro incubation of splenocytes with 100 micrograms (but not 10 micrograms) of Bf or dBf led to a highly significant inhibition of proliferation below the control level in all groups of animals. Supernatants of splenocyte cultures were further tested for cytokine production. IL-10 and IFN-gamma were released after in vitro challenge with dBf and in some cases also with Bf. Analysis of sera demonstrated that administration of Ova + adjuvant brought about an increase in anti-Ova IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b whereas treatment with Ova alone caused a rise in IgG1 only. The role of Bf or dBf in the enhancement of antigen-specific antibody production could be in influencing macrophages and inducing cytokine milieu composed of IL-10, IFN-gamma and other factors that leads to a bystander stimulation of specifically activated Ova-B cell receptor (Ova-BCR)-bearing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mlcková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
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Prokesová L, Mlcková P, Stanková I, Ladmanová P, Jezková J, Chalupná P, Novotná O, Cechová D, Julák J. Immunostimulatory effect of Bacillus firmus on mouse lymphocytes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 47:193-7. [PMID: 12058402 DOI: 10.1007/bf02817682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus firmus (a Gram-positive nonpathogenic and harmless bacterium), was shown to be a strong polyclonal activator of mouse B lymphocytes as estimated by ELISA testing of Ig concentrations in culture supernatants after incubation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes with inactivated bacillus. Synthesis of all main Ig classes and all IgG subclasses was stimulated in vitro, the considerable effect on IgA formation being the most interesting feature. B cell stimulation was T cell dependent, as was demonstrated by the effect of B. firmus on all Ig isotypes and by comparison of lymphocyte response of nu/nu mice and heterozygous nu/+ mice. The effect of B. firmus on splenocyte proliferation was stimulatory or suppressive depending on the dose of the bacterium. Increased synthesis of IFN-gamma and IL-10 (detected by ELISA in splenocyte culture supernatants) showed probable stimulation of Th1 and Th2 subpopulations. Considering the stimulatory effect on IgA formation and macrophage stimulation, B. firmus seems to be a prospective mucosal adjuvant and/or probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prokesová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia.
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9
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Kozáková H, Mlcková P, Kolínská J, Cechová D, Stĕpánková R, Reháková Z, Prokesová L. Differential effect of Bacillus firmus on immune response and enterocyte brush-border enzyme levels in BALB/c and B10.BR mice. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 47:759-65. [PMID: 12630333 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A nonpathogenic bacterium of external environment possessing remarkable immunomodulatory activity, Bacillus firmus (BF) inactivated with formaldehyde, was given intragastrically to two genetically different mouse strains BALB/c (H-2d) and B10.BR/SnPh (B10.BR, H-2k) reared in conventional (CV) and B10.BR strain also in germ-free (GF) conditions. Repeated intragastric administration of BF (500 micrograms every other day over two weeks, starting at the age of 3 months) significantly enhanced intestinal IgA levels in CV BALB/c mice but did not affect intestinal IgA in CV B10.BR mice. In GF B10.BR mice, IgG levels in sera and intestinal washings increased after BF administration compared to CV B10.BR mice. In CV BALB/c mice, specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes (lactase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase) decreased after BF treatment; sucrase (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) activity was not affected. On the other hand, in B10.BR mice, specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were higher after administration of BF in both CV and GF groups relative to untreated controls. The activities of lactase and glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase) were significantly stimulated only in the group of GF B10.BR mice treated with formolized BF. The stimulation of immunoglobulin production after BF treatment was accompanied by changes in the levels of enterocyte brush-border enzymes; this responsiveness to BF treatment was genetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kozáková
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czechia.
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10
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Mlcková P, Cechová D, Chalupná P, Novotná O, Prokesová L. Enhanced systemic and mucosal antibody responses to a model protein antigen after intranasal and intratracheal immunisation using Bacillus firmus as an adjuvant. Immunol Lett 2001; 77:39-45. [PMID: 11348668 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus firmus, a non-pathogenic Gram positive (G+) bacterium of the external environment was investigated for immunomodulatory properties. It stimulated an increase in anti-ovalbumin IgG in sera, bronchoalveolar lavages and intestinal washings after both intranasal (i.n.) and intratracheal (i.t.) immunisation, and enhanced anti-ovalbumin IgA in intestinal secretions and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after i.n. or i.t. immunisation, respectively. The immunomodulatory effect of B. firmus on antibody formation was antigen specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mlcková
- Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Studnickova7, Prague 2 12800, Czech Republic.
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11
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Prokesová L, Mlcková P, Stanková I, Chloubová A, Novotná V, Ladmanová P, Chalupná P, Mára M. Effect of Bacillus firmus on antibody formation after mucosal and parenteral immunization in mice. Immunol Lett 1998; 64:161-6. [PMID: 9870668 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory properties of B. firmus, a nontoxic, nonpathogenic G + bacterium of external environment, were described previously. Antiinfectious and antitumor activity, macrophage activation and strong polyclonal stimulation of B lymphocytes were proved in human, mice and rats. The adjuvant effect of B. firmus on specific antibody response to ovalbumin in BALB/c mice is the topic of the present study. Against our expectation, B. firmus exerts more suppressive than stimulatory effect on specific antibody response. Formolized B. firmus decreased anti-ovalbumin response after subcutaneous immunization and only slightly increased serum antibodies after intraperitoneal immunization. After mucosal immunization, both oral and rectal, ovalbumin itself did not cause a significant systemic response but induced IgA anti-ovalbumin response in the intestine. B. firmus applied together with ovalbumin increased systemic serum response but absolutely eliminated intestinal response. The rectal route of antigen administration has been found less convenient because of less precise dosing of antigen in this mode of immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prokesová
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Trebichavský I, Mára M, Sinkora J, Splíchal I, Stĕpánková R. Immunomodulatory effects of Bacillus firmus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998; 42:403-8. [PMID: 9449788 DOI: 10.1007/bf02816958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
3-day-old miniature piglets were stimulated in vivo with Bacillus firmus by the intraperitoneal or intragastric route for 1 d. Cells containing IgA and IgG2 were detected in the ileum in all stimulated but not in control animals. The frequency of blood CD3+ cells increased after intraperitoneal administration of B. firmus, the ratio of polymorphonuclears to lymphocytes increased in all stimulated piglets. B. firmus induced antitumor immunity in rats with transplanted Yoshida sarcoma cells. Granular lymphocytes and dead tumor cells were found in peritoneal exudate of stimulated animals. B. firmus induced IFN-gamma synthesis in human blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 d. The amount of TNF-alpha produced by these stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclears (PBMC) was lower than that of PBMC stimulated with some other bacterial immunomodulators. Cells containing TGF-beta or IL-8 were not found in human PBMC stimulated with B. firmus.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Bacillus/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology
- Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Ileum/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunotherapy
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Sarcoma, Yoshida/therapy
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- I Trebichavský
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic
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Prokesová L, Julák J, Nováková M, Pospísil M, Mára M. Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes by Bacillus firmus and its constituents. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1995; 40:647-51. [PMID: 8768255 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus firmus strongly stimulates Ig synthesis in the cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. As apparent from the character of Ig formation and blastic transformation, the stimulation has features of a polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes without substantial participation of T lymphocytes. B firmus is a strong B cell polyclonal activator even for human cord blood lymphocytes. The most striking feature is the strong stimulation of IgA synthesis in both adult and cord blood lymphocytes. Several crude fractions were isolated from B. firmus. None of them exhibited any remarkable enhancement of activity but the cytoplasmic fraction P-40 was clearly more potent than the intact bacilli. On the other hand, cell wall peptidoglycan, a well known polyclonal activator of B cells, had a much lower activity than whole bacteria. The effect of B. firmus on the stimulation of Ig formation is thus relatively complex; it is not caused mainly by peptidoglycan but rather by some cytoplasmic constituents of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prokesová
- Laboratory for Special Medical Microbiology and Immunology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
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14
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Stĕpánková R, Mára M, Ocenásková J. Prolonged survival of AVN Wistar rats with transplanted Yoshida sarcoma and increase of granular lymphocytes after administration of Bacillus firmus and their crude lipids. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1995; 40:413-6. [PMID: 8763155 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus firmus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, sporulating, nonpathogenic air contaminant which, according to earlier findings, is a strong polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes. The crude lipids of this microbe induced significant resistance of mice against listerial infection. The administration of bacterin, like that of crude lipids obtained by the extraction of cell suspension with chloroform-methanol to rats, strain AVN Wistar, transplanted later with Yoshida sarcoma, significantly prolonged the survival of the animals in comparison with the control group. At the same time the number of granular lymphocytes was increased. The destruction of tumor cells in the peritoneal exudate of immunostimulated rats was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stĕpánková
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic
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15
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Prokesová L, Nováková M, Julák J, Mára M. Effect of Bacillus firmus and other sporulating aerobic microorganisms on in vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes. A comparative study. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1994; 39:501-4. [PMID: 8549999 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
B. firmus activates human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Bacteria inactivated by heat or by formaldehyde were about equally effective, stimulating the blastic transformation of lymphocytes at doses of 10-200 mg/L and Ig formation in the culture at 10-500 mg/L. The action of formaldehyde treated B. firmus was compared with that of analogously inactivated B. subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. coagulans, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B. cereus and B. lentus at a concentration of 100 mg/L. All these bacilli mildly stimulated blastic transformation and most of them substantially stimulated Ig formation, but B. firmus was the most efficient in stimulating the formation of Ig of all classes, in particular IgM and IgA. Its effect on Ig formation was comparable with that of PWM and was unusually high as compared with that of other bacteria. B. firmus is apparently a strong polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes. Its cells or their components could be potentially used for modulating immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prokesová
- Laboratory for Special Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague
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16
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Mára M, Ocenásková J, Nováková M, Julák J, Mencíková E. Resistance to infection and activation of the monocyto-macrophage system caused by Bacillus firmus and its fractions. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1994; 39:147-51. [PMID: 7959430 DOI: 10.1007/bf02906811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Crude lipids isolated from Bacillus firmus, but not from other bacilli, were previously found to induce significant resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. In this study, formaldehyde- and heat-killed bacterins of eight Bacillus species and some cellular fractions of B. firmus were prepared and tested for further immunomodulatory activities. Crude lipids, their aqueous extract, LTA, Protodyne and Pex-residue preparations exhibited a strong anti-infection activity, whereas Pextract, P40 and all bacterins tested had no effect. Formaldehyde-killed bacterins, live bacteria and the P40 preparation of both B. firmus strains, as well as bacterins of both B. subtilis strains, induced pronounced splenomegaly in mice. Peptidoglycan and Pex-residue induced significant depression of cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver microsomes after application of 0.1 mg per mouse. Optimal conditions for obtaining a bacterial suspension exhibiting these immunomodulatory properties were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mára
- Laboratory for Special Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague
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