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Dill Fuchs L, Borges Kirschnick L, de Farias Gabriel A, Martins Silveira F, Ajudarte Lopes M, Petersen Wagner V, Frenzel Schuch L, Domingues Martins M. Oral focal mucinosis: A systematic review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0266-4356(24)00148-7. [PMID: 39107146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare lesion first described in 1974, but the aetiology remains unknown. Clinically, OFM presents as an asymptomatic nodular lesion and the similarity of clinical features to other soft tissue injuries makes the diagnosis difficult. The aim of this study was to integrate the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics from previously published cases of OFM into a systematic review. Electronic searches without publication date restriction were performed in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Case reports or case series of OFM published in English and presenting enough clinical and histopathological information were included. This systematic review identified 42 studies from 12 countries, comprising 113 cases of OFM. This lesion affected more females than males, usually in the fourth decade of life. The gingiva was the most common anatomical location, followed by the palate. Clinical presentation was most often an asymptomatic nodule. Imaging exams revealed that most cases did not have bone involvement. Surgical removal was the treatment of choice for most cases and only one recurrent case was reported. In conclusion, OFM is an uncommon pathology, and its diagnosis depends on histopathological analysis. The lesion could be included as a differential diagnosis of benign soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity, especially those affecting the gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Dill Fuchs
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Borges Kirschnick
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Farias Gabriel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Martins Silveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Diagnosis in Pathology and Oral Medicine, Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Department of Diagnosis in Pathology and Oral Medicine, Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Jung J, Shin J, Ohe JY. A large pedunculated nodule in the tongue in a 52-year-old male. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 132:4-9. [PMID: 33012672 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseok Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Ohe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Silva Cunha JL, Leite AA, de Castro Abrantes T, Vervloet LP, de Lima Morais TM, de Oliveira Paiva Neto G, Kimura TNL, Ferreira SMS, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC, Abrahão AC, Romañach MJ, Benevenuto de Andrade BA, de Almeida OP, Soares CD. Oral focal mucinosis: A multi-institutional study and literature review. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:24-33. [PMID: 33410541 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare benign condition of unknown etiology, considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. We report the clinicopathologic features of 21 cases of OFM in conjunction with a review of the literature. METHODS Clinical data were collected from the records of five oral and maxillofacial pathology services. All cases were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (vimentin, S-100, α-SMA, CD34, and mast cell). RESULTS The series comprised 14 females (66.7%) and seven males (33.3%), with a mean age of 48.2 ± 20.7 years (range: 8-77 years) and a 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Most of the lesions affected the gingiva (n = 6, 28.6%) and presented clinically as asymptomatic sessile or pedunculated nodules with fibrous or hyperplasic appearance. All cases were negative for S-100 protein, CD34, and α-SMA and positive for Alcian blue staining. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment in all cases, and there was only one recurrence. CONCLUSION OFM is a rare benign disorder that is often clinically misdiagnosed as reactive lesions or benign proliferative processes. Dermatologists and pathologists should consider OFM in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located in the gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lennon Silva Cunha
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Almeida Leite
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thamiris de Castro Abrantes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorena Passoni Vervloet
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thayná Melo de Lima Morais
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Aline Corrêa Abrahão
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ciro Dantas Soares
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Cameron A, Webster JEN, Wicks CE, Colbert SD. Oral focal mucinosis of the palate: a rare disease entity. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:e230233. [PMID: 32161073 PMCID: PMC7066634 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an extremely rare, benign oral soft tissue condition; less than 10 documented cases have been reported in the literature in patients under 18 years old. OFM has an unknown aetiology and predominantly presents in the fourth and fifth decades. The pathogenesis of OFM may be due to fibroblast overproduction of hyaluronic acid. Clinically, it remains almost impossible to diagnose definitively, due to its lack of pathognomonic features, therefore such lesions may have multiple differential diagnoses and histological analysis is essential to confirm OFM. We present an unusual presentation of OFM in a 14-year-old female patient. Following excision, focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue was apparent. This case highlights this rare condition for consideration in differential diagnosis of clinically similar lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cameron
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Serryth Dominic Colbert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust, Bath, UK
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Cho JJ, Shupak RP, Michaels C. Oral focal mucinosis of the mandible in an adolescent patient. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e232671. [PMID: 31852693 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is the rare oral manifestation of cutaneous focal mucinosis. It is a diagnosis made histopathologically, as OFM remains clinically similar to other more common oral lesions, and radiographs do not provide any diagnostic information. This case is a report of a teenage female with left mandibular involvement of an elevated, rounded, asymptomatic, mucosa-coloured lesion in the facial and lingual gingiva between her left first and second mandibular molars. The cause was unclear, although the patient stated that she may have sustained a laceration in that area several months prior. An incisional biopsy revealed histopathological findings consistent with OFM, and complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed under a general anaesthetic, with no signs of recurrence for 2 months. The histological, clinical and accepted treatment methods on OFM will be discussed. Clinicians, including those serving paediatric populations, should consider OFM in their differential diagnoses when evaluating gingival lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond P Shupak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline Michaels
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Higuchi Y, Tsushima F, Sumikura K, Sato Y, Harada H, Kayamori K, Ikeda T. Diagnosis and treatment of oral focal mucinosis: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:108. [PMID: 31023388 PMCID: PMC6485166 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal mucinosis, the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease. As it has no characteristic clinical or radiological features, diagnosis is established by histopathological and immunohistological examination. We present three cases of oral focal mucinosis occurring in the retromolar (which is extremely rare) and gingival regions. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 involved a 26-year-old Japanese man with radiolucency in the right retromolar region on panoramic radiograph and computed tomography; no obvious protrusion was observed in the region. This finding was clinically diagnosed as a tumor of the retromolar region. Case 2 involved a 60-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 7 × 6 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and healthy-colored mucosa. The lesion was diagnosed as an epulis. Case 3 involved a 47-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 10 × 10 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and redness of the surface mucosa. This lesion was also diagnosed as an epulis. Resection was performed in all three cases, and the lesions were histopathologically diagnosed as oral focal mucinosis. Postoperative courses were uneventful and, thus far, there have been no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Although it is difficult to diagnose oral focal mucinosis based on clinical symptoms and imaging findings, the disease should be considered a possibility when diagnosing benign oral tumors. We believe that an emphasis on histopathologic study is essential to confirm the clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higuchi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tsushima
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Kanako Sumikura
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Yuriko Sato
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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Mattsson U, Lindberg P. Oral focal mucinosis of the tongue: A rare clinical entity? ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bosco AF, Macarini VC, de Almeida JM, Theodoro LH, Novaes VCN, Gualberto Júnior EC, Crivelini MM, Pazmino VFC, Garcia VG. Oral Focal Mucinosis: Clinical Case Presentation With a Focus on Esthetic and Functional Surgical Resolution. Clin Adv Periodontics 2014; 4:251-255. [PMID: 32781803 DOI: 10.1902/cap.2013.130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When planning excisional surgery, alterations in the oral mucosa, particularly in esthetically important areas, represent a challenge. For cases involving an exophytic lesion with a vegetative tumoral aspect, a clinician may prioritize obtaining a definitive diagnosis by histopathologic and histochemical examinations over the preservation of esthetics or maintenance of the involved tooth. CASE PRESENTATION A painless, hard lesion with normal coloration was present in the maxillary left central incisor of a patient for at least 6 years. A biopsy was performed to preserve oral mucosa and a treatment plan was established that included endodontic retreatment and prosthetic restoration. The histopathologic diagnosis was oral focal mucinosis, an uncommon and poorly characterized type of lesion. CONCLUSION A conservative biopsy of the lesion facilitated an accurate diagnosis, promoted the patient's comfort, and achieved satisfactory esthetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Francisco Bosco
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valmir Campos Macarini
- Department of Periodontology, University of Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Fabrizio Cabrera Pazmino
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, University Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Dental School of Barretos, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Neto JR, Sendyk M, Uchida LM, Nunes FD, de Paiva JB. Oral focal mucinosis associated with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:534-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pacifici L, Meleo D, Pompa G, Pacifici A, Gambarini G, Testarelli L. Oral Focal Mucinosis of the Tongue: A Rare Clinical Case. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare mucosal lesion of unknown etiopathogenesis. It is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. From the anatomo-pathological point of view it is characterised by a focal degeneration of myxoid type of connective tissue. A literature survey revealed 50 reports of OFM cases worldwide. Here, we present an even more rare case with tongue involvement. Particular emphasis is placed on diagnostic-differential aspects of this kind of lesion, both from the clinical and the histopathological point of view, in respect to other manifestations of tongue mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pacifici
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Meleo
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Pompa
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Pacifici
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Gambarini
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Testarelli
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gabay E, Akrish S, Machtei EE. Oral focal mucinosis associated with cervical external root resorption: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:e75-8. [PMID: 20674412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) and cervical external root resorption are both rare lesions with an unknown etiology. In this article we report on a rare occurrence of OFM associated with cervical external root resorption. METHODS A 44-year-old female patient presented with sharp pain while drinking cold beverages and a firm localized gingival overgrowth adjacent to the buccal aspect of tooth #19. An excisional biopsy of the gingival lesion was taken and a deep cavity was found in the buccal aspect of the root. The cavity was restored with an amalgam filling. RESULTS The histological findings were of a well-circumscribed lesion composed of myxomatous connective tissue, which contained numerous stellate-shaped fibroblasts. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of OFM was made. CONCLUSION A rare case of OFM and cervical external root resorption occurring in the same site was described. A possible link between these 2 phenomena was hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Gabay
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, and Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Aldred MJ, Talacko AA, Ruljancich K, Story RD, Newland S, Chen ST, O'Grady JF, Bergman JD, Smith A, Dimitroulis G, Redman J, Sheldon WR, Mansour AK, Watkins D, Radden BG. Oral focal mucinosis: report of 15 cases and review of the literature. Pathology 2003; 35:393-6. [PMID: 14555382 DOI: 10.1080/00313020310001602639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe 15 cases of oral focal mucinosis (OFM) and compare these to previously reported cases. METHODS Cases diagnosed as OFM in the period 1981-2003-were reviewed. Clinical information provided at the time of submission of each specimen was retrieved and supplemented by additional clinical details provided by the respective clinician at the time of compilation of this paper. The literature was reviewed. RESULTS OFM presented as an innocuous soft tissue swelling that may be either pedunculated or sessile. The gingiva was confirmed as the most common site for OFM, with a predominance of females affected. Microscopically, OFM is characterised by an area of myxoid tissue which is usually well-defined. The lesion is periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-negative and alcian blue-positive, with pre-digestion with hyaluronidase preventing the alcian blue staining. As the differential diagnosis includes myxoid neural lesions, S100 staining is important in establishing the diagnosis, with cases of OFM being negative. CONCLUSIONS The cause of OFM remains unknown. The cases presented in this paper bring OFM to the attention of anatomical pathologists when considering the differential diagnosis of myxoid lesions of the oral cavity.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal mucinosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, where the connective tissue undergoes a focal myxoid degeneration. METHODS We describe a 48-year-old patient who was referred for a firm, tender mass located on the gingiva of the left central mandibular incisor. The first clinical impression at examination was that of a periodontal abscess. RESULTS The lesion underwent a biopsy, and the final microscopic diagnosis was oral focal mucinosis. CONCLUSIONS It must be stressed that in most focal gingival lesions, a preoperative diagnosis can be almost impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iezzi
- Dental School, University of Chieti, Italy
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