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Jung SH, Kim RJ, Kim KJ, Lee DH, Suh MC. Plastidial and Mitochondrial Malonyl CoA-ACP Malonyltransferase is Essential for Cell Division and Its Overexpression Increases Storage Oil Content. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1239-1249. [PMID: 30796840 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a key building block for the synthesis of fatty acids, which are important components of cell membranes, storage oils and lipid-signaling molecules. Malonyl CoA-ACP malonyltransferase (MCAMT) catalyzes the production of malonyl-ACP and CoA from malonyl-CoA and ACP. Here, we report that MCAMT plays a critical role in cell division and has the potential to increase the storage oil content in Arabidopsis. The quantitative real-time PCR and MCAMT promoter:GUS analyses showed that MCAMT is predominantly expressed in shoot and root apical meristems, leaf hydathodes and developing embryos. The fluorescent signals of MCAMT:eYFP were observed in both chloroplasts and mitochondria of tobacco leaf protoplasts. In particular, the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-30) of MCAMT was required for mitochondrial targeting. The Arabidopsis mcamt-1 and -2 mutants exhibited an embryo-lethal phenotype because of the arrest of embryo development at the globular stage. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing antisense MCAMT RNA showed growth retardation caused by the defects in cell division. The overexpression of MCAMT driven by the promoter of the senescence-associated 1 (SEN1) gene, which is predominantly expressed in developing seeds, increased the seed yield and storage oil content of Arabidopsis. Taken together, the plastidial and mitochondrial MCAMT is essential for Arabidopsis cell division and is a novel genetic resource useful for enhancing storage oil content in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seh Hui Jung
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Jin Kim
- Genomine Inc. Venture Bldg 306, Pohang TechnoPark, 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Genomine Inc. Venture Bldg 306, Pohang TechnoPark, 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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González-Thuillier I, Venegas-Calerón M, Sánchez R, Garcés R, von Wettstein-Knowles P, Martínez-Force E. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) fatty acid synthase complex: β-hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratase genes. PLANTA 2016; 243:397-410. [PMID: 26433735 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two sunflower hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratases evolved into two different isoenzymes showing distinctive expression levels and kinetics' efficiencies. β-Hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein (ACP)]-dehydratase (HAD) is a component of the type II fatty acid synthase complex involved in 'de novo' fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. This complex, formed by four intraplastidial proteins, is responsible for the sequential condensation of two-carbon units, leading to 16- and 18-C acyl-ACP. HAD dehydrates 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP generating trans-2-enoyl-ACP. With the aim of a further understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds, two β-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] dehydratase genes have been cloned from developing seeds, HaHAD1 (GenBank HM044767) and HaHAD2 (GenBank GU595454). Genomic DNA gel blot analyses suggest that both are single copy genes. Differences in their expression patterns across plant tissues were detected. Higher levels of HaHAD2 in the initial stages of seed development inferred its key role in seed storage fatty acid synthesis. That HaHAD1 expression levels remained constant across most tissues suggest a housekeeping function. Heterologous expression of these genes in E. coli confirmed both proteins were functional and able to interact with the bacterial complex 'in vivo'. The large increase of saturated fatty acids in cells expressing HaHAD1 and HaHAD2 supports the idea that these HAD genes are closely related to the E. coli FabZ gene. The proposed three-dimensional models of HaHAD1 and HaHAD2 revealed differences at the entrance to the catalytic tunnel attributable to Phe166/Val1159, respectively. HaHAD1 F166V was generated to study the function of this residue. The 'in vitro' enzymatic characterization of the three HAD proteins demonstrated all were active, with the mutant having intermediate K m and V max values to the wild-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Thuillier
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Herts, UK
| | - Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
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O'Hara P, Slabas AR, Fawcett T. Fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic genes are expressed at constant molar ratios but different absolute levels during embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:310-20. [PMID: 12011361 PMCID: PMC155894 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2001] [Revised: 11/14/2001] [Accepted: 12/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fatty acid and complex lipid synthesis requires the correct spatial and temporal activity of many gene products. Quantitative northern analysis showed that mRNA for the biotin carboxylase subunit of heteromeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase components (3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein [ACP] reductase, enoyl-ACP reductase, and acyl-ACP thioesterase), and stearoyl-ACP desaturase accumulate in a coordinate manner during Brassica napus embryogenesis. The mRNAs were present in a constant molar stoichiometric ratio. Transcript abundance of mRNAs for the catalytic proteins was found to be similar, whereas the number of ACP transcripts was approximately 7-fold higher. The peak of mRNA accumulation of all products was between 20 and 29 d after flowering; by 42 d after flowering, the steady-state levels of all transcripts fell to about 5% of their peak levels, which suggests that the mRNAs have similar stability and kinetics of synthesis. Biotin carboxylase was found to accumulate to a maximum of 59 fmol mg(-1) total RNA in embryos, which is in general agreement with the value of 170 fmol mg(-1) determined for Arabidopsis siliques (J.S. Ke, T.N. Wen, B.J. Nikolau, E.S. Wurtele [2000] Plant Physiol 122: 1057-1071). Embryos accumulated between 3- and 15-fold more transcripts per unit total RNA than young leaf tissue; the lower quantity of leaf 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase mRNA was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This is in conflict with analysis of B. napus transcripts using an Arabidopsis microarray (T. Girke, J. Todd, S. Ruuska, J. White, C. Benning, J. Ohlrogge [2000] Plant Physiol 124: 1570-1581) where similar leaf to seed levels of fatty acid synthase component mRNAs were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O'Hara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Harwood JL. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1301:7-56. [PMID: 8652653 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Harwood
- School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Ryan MT, Naylor DJ, Hoogenraad NJ, Høj PB. Affinity purification, overexpression, and characterization of chaperonin 10 homologues synthesized with and without N-terminal acetylation. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:22037-43. [PMID: 7665625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.37.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the ability of bacterial chaperonin 60 (GroEL) to functionally interact with chaperonin 10 (Cpn10) homologues in an ATP-dependent fashion, we have purified substantial amounts of mammalian, chloroplast, and thermophilic Cpn10 homologues from their natural host. In addition, large amounts of recombinant rat Cpn10 were produced in Escherichia coli and found to be identical to its authentic counterpart except for the lack of N-terminal acetylation. By comparing these two forms of Cpn10, it was found that acetylation does not influence the oligomeric structure of Cpn10 and is not essential for chaperone activity or mitochondrial import in vitro. In contrast, N-terminal acetylation proved crucial in the protection of Cpn10 against degradation by N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive proteases derived from organellar preparations of rat liver. The availability of large amounts of both affinity-purified and recombinant Cpn10 will facilitate not only further characterization of the eukaryotic folding machinery but also further scrutiny of the reported function of Cpn10 as early pregnancy factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ryan
- School of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Gulliver BS, Slabas AR. Acetoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase from avocado: its purification, characterisation and clear resolution from acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 25:179-191. [PMID: 8018868 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase III (KAS III) has been purified from avocado using a six-step purification procedure. The enzyme, which is cerulenin-insensitive and thiolactomycin-sensitive, was assayed using a partial component reaction: acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase (ACAT) activity. KAS III activity is distinguished from ACAT activity on the basis that the former is highly stimulated by the addition of malonyl CoA in the presence of malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, and the latter is not. KAS III and ACAT activity have been separated from each other thus providing the first evidence that these two discrete activities exist in higher plants. Both of these enzymes have been implicated in the initial reactions of fatty acid synthesis. KAS III was purified 134-fold using a combination of PEG precipitation, Fast Q, ammonium sulphate precipitation, Phenyl Sepharose and ACP-affinity chromatography. The enzyme requires Triton X-100 for solubility and is highly salt sensitive. The subunit molecular mass of 37 kDa has been identified by SDS-PAGE. The results of gel filtration analysis are consistent with the native enzyme being homodimeric. The native molecular mass of KAS III is 69 kDa and that of ACAT 18.5 kDa. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.0-7.5, which is similar to the pH optimum of the ACAT reaction. The Km for acetyl CoA is 12.5 microM and the Km for malonyl-ACP is 14 microM. Both KAS III and ACAT are sensitive to thiolactomycin inhibition. The results are discussed with respect to the potential role of acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Gulliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, UK
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8
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Control of Metabolism and Development in Higher Plant Plastids. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY VOLUME 145 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Kauppinen S. Structure and expression of the Kas12 gene encoding a beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I isozyme from barley. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Slabas AR, Fawcett T. The biochemistry and molecular biology of plant lipid biosynthesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1992; 19:169-91. [PMID: 1600168 DOI: 10.1007/bf00015613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Slabas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, UK
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11
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Sheldon PS, Kekwick RG, Smith CG, Sidebottom C, Slabas AR. 3-Oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase from oilseed rape (Brassica napus). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1120:151-9. [PMID: 1562581 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90263-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
3-Oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.100, alternatively known as beta-ketoacyl-[ACP] reductase), a component of fatty acid synthetase has been purified from seeds of rape by ammonium sulphate fractionation, Procion Red H-E3B chromatography, FPLC gel filtration and high performance hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme appears on SDS-PAGE as a number of 20-30 kDa components and has a strong tendency to exist in a dimeric form, particularly when dithiothreitol is not present to reduce disulphide bonds. Cleveland mapping and cross-reactivity with antiserum raised against avocado 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase both indicate that the multiple components have similar primary structures. On gel filtration the enzyme appears to have a molecular mass of 120 kDa suggesting that the native structure is tetrameric. The enzyme has a strong preference for the acetoacetyl ester of acyl carrier protein (Km = 3 microM) over the corresponding esters of the model substrates N-acetyl cysteamine (Km = 35 mM) and CoA (Km = 261 microM). It is inactivated by dilution but this can be partly prevented by the inclusion of NADPH. Using an antiserum prepared against avocado 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase, the enzyme has been visualised inside the plastids of rape embryo and leaf tissues by immunoelectron microscopy. Amino acid sequencing of two peptides prepared by digestion of the purified enzyme with trypsin showed strong similarities with 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase from avocado pear and the Nod G gene product from Rhizobium meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sheldon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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12
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Hansen L, von Wettstein-Knowles P. The barley genes Acl1 and Acl3 encoding acyl carrier proteins I and III are located on different chromosomes. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 229:467-78. [PMID: 1944232 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an essential cofactor for plant fatty acid synthesis. Three isoforms occur in barley seedling leaves. The genes Acl1 and Acl3 coding for the predominant ACP I and the minor ACP III, respectively, have been cloned and characterized as has a full-length cDNA for ACP III. Both genes, extending over more than 2.5 kb, have a conserved mosaic structure of four exons and three introns which result in mRNAs of ca. 900 bases. Alignment of the DNA sequences demonstrates that homology is restricted to the two exons coding for the mature protein whereas the remaining segments of the genes including the transit peptide-coding domains lack homology. Southern blot analyses demonstrate that Acl1 and Acl3 represent single copy genes located on chromosomes 7 and 1, respectively. Primer extension analyses identified multiple transcription start sites in both genes. The promoter regions are remarkably different; that of Acl3 resembles those for mammalian housekeeping genes in having a high G + C content plus three copies of an RNA polymerase II recognition GC element and in lacking correctly positioned TATA boxes. These features are in accordance with the hypothesis that Acl1 is specifically expressed in leaf tissue whereas Acl3 is a constitutively expressed gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hansen
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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13
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Enzymes of Fatty Acid Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-461013-2.50018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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MacKintosh RW, Grahame Hardie D, Slabas AR. A new assay procedure to study the induction of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I and II, and the complete purification of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I from developing seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Burton JD, Gronwald JW, Somers DA, Connelly JA, Gengenbach BG, Wyse DL. Inhibition of plant acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by the herbicides sethoxydim and haloxyfop. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 148:1039-44. [PMID: 2891354 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(87)80236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of [14C]acetate or [14C]pyruvate into fatty acids in isolated corn seedling chloroplasts was inhibited 90% or greater by 10 microM sethoxydim or 1 microM haloxyfop. At these concentrations, neither sethoxydim nor haloxyfop inhibited [14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in isolated pea chloroplasts. Sethoxydim (10 microM) and haloxyfop (1 microM) did not inhibit incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into fatty acids in cell free extracts from corn tissue cultures. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) from corn seedling chloroplasts was inhibited by both sethoxydim and haloxyfop, with I50 values of 2.9 and 0.5 microM, respectively. This enzyme in pea was not inhibited by 10 microM sethoxydim or 1 microM haloxyfop.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Burton
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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16
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Murphy DJ, Mukherjee KD, Latzko E, Woodrow IE. Solubilization, purification and kinetic properties of three membrane-bound long-chain acyl-coenzyme-A thioesterases from microsomes of photosynthetic tissue. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 142:43-8. [PMID: 6146527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal membranes of developing pea (Pisum sativum) leaves contained almost one third of the total long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase activity found in the leaf cell. Three distinct forms of long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase were purified by a combination of cholate-solubilization, dialysis, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. Purification factors of 4600, 100 and 280 were achieved for the thioesterase forms I, II and III, respectively. Apparent molecular masses were: form I, 28 kDa; form II, 140 kDa; form III, 139 kDa. All the three thioesterases showed overlapping specificities towards palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA, and oleoyl-CoA but were inactive towards short-chain acyl-CoAs, such as acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Each thioesterase exhibited complex kinetic behavior, which was consistent with differential affinities of the enzymes for monomeric and micellar forms of their substrates. The significance of the kinetic behavior and possible regulatory role of these enzymes are discussed.
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R. Stapleton S, Jaworski JG. Characterization of fatty acid biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(84)90152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Characterization and purification of malonyl-coenzyme A:[acyl-carrier-protein] transacylases from spinach and Anabaena variabilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(84)90151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Murphy DJ, Mukherjee KD, Woodrow IE. Functional association of a monoacylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase and the oleoylglycerophosphocholine desaturase in microsomes from developing leaves. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 139:373-9. [PMID: 6698020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of linoleic acid has been investigated, using oleoyl-CoA as a substrate, in microsomal preparations from young leaves of Pisum sativum. Oleoyl moieties from oleoyl-CoA were preferentially acylated to lysophosphatidylcholine by an acyltransferase to produce an oleoylglycerophosphocholine. Kinetic data are presented which argue for a direct desaturation of the oleoyl moieties of this oleoyl glycerophosphocholine to linoleoyl moieties. There was no evidence of a subsequent acyltransfer of linoleoyl moieties either to form thioesters or oxygen esters in other complex lipids. The kinetics were also consistent with a functional coupling of the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase with the oleate desaturase. There was little exchange of the oleoyl glycerophosphocholine from the bulk membrane lipid with that newly synthesised by the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase. Rather, the newly synthesised oleoylglycerophosphocholine seemed to be directly channelled to the vicinity of the desaturase. The results are discussed in the context of 'metabolite channelling'. The consequences for desaturase activity and its regulation are also examined.
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Høj PB, Svendsen I. Barley chloroplasts contain two acyl carrier proteins coded for by different genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02904401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Chapter 6 Fatty acid biosynthesis in higher plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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22
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Douce R, Block MA, Dorne AJ, Joyard J. The plastid envelope membranes: their structure, composition, and role in chloroplast biogenesis. Subcell Biochem 1984; 10:1-84. [PMID: 6382702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2709-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Nonan-2-ol esters in sorghum leaf epicuticular wax and their collection by preparative gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Barley acyl carrier protein: Its amino acid sequence and assay using purified malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02911912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Shimakata T, Stumpf PK. The purification and function of acetyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Synthesis of epicuticular primary alcohols and intracellular fatty acids by tissue slices fromcer-j 59 barley leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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