Platelets in allergy. Assays and interpretation

Comparative analysis of biological activities of Der p I-derived peptides on Fc epsilon receptor-bearing cells from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-sensitive patients

The ability of four uncoupled synthetic peptides (p52-71, p117-133, p176-187, p188-199) derived from Der p I, a major allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) to stimulate Fc epsilon R+ cells from Dpt-sensitive patients was comparatively analysed. Each free peptide may specifically stimulate basophils (Fc epsilon RI+ cells) and platelets (Fc epsilon RII+ cells) from patients with significant levels of anti-Der p I IgE antibodies; p52-71 and p117-133 appear the best cell stimulation inducers. Both concentration-dependent biological activities of Der p I-peptide on Fc epsilon R+ cells are enhanced by coupling peptide to a carrier (as human serum albumin). Interestingly each Der p I-sensitive patient tested presents an individual pattern of response to peptide. Thus, from our results it appears that different Der p I sequences could be involved in the immune response to Der p I.

The effect of cetirizine on antigen-dependent leucopenia in the guinea-pig

1. Intravenous administration of ovalbumin (1 mg kg-1) to guinea-pigs that had previously been injected with 3.5 x 10(9) platelets from actively sensitized animals induced an approximately 40% decrease in the number of circulating leucocytes 30-60 min later, whereas the number of platelets was not affected. 2. In contrast, there was no change in the leucocyte number following antigen challenge of guinea-pigs that had received platelets from non-immunised animals. 3. This platelet-dependent leucopenia was inhibited by prior treatment of the recipient animal with cetirizine (10-30 mg kg-1, i.v.). Terfenadine (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) and mepyramine (2 mg kg-1, i.v.) were completely inactive in this respect. All doses of anti-histamines were used at concentrations which completely inhibited the bronchoconstriction to an i.v. injection of 5 micrograms kg-1 of histamine. 4. The site of action of cetirizine is most likely to be the platelet as leucopenia induced by the neutrophil agonists leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (30 ng kg-1) and platelet activating factor (PAF) (30 ng kg-1) were not modified by cetirizine treatment. 5. In these experiments, we failed to support a role for lipoxygenase products as mediators of the platelet-dependent leucopenia, as the selective lipoxygenase inhibitor BWA4C (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) was ineffective. 6. Our present results confirm and extend previous data demonstrating that antigen stimulated platelets can induce leucopenia in non-immunised animals and this can be inhibited by the anti-allergic agent, cetirizine, by an action which is probably unrelated to its anti-histamine properties. The precise nature of the platelet derived factor(s) and their target of action remains to be determined.