Adjuvant effect of Bacillus firmus on the expression of cytokines and toll-like receptors in mouse nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) after intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus type A.
Immunol Lett 2010;
134:26-34. [PMID:
20709105 DOI:
10.1016/j.imlet.2010.08.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the persisting threat of development of new highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes, a mucosal vaccination which would induce a potent and cross-protective reaction is desirable. We succeeded in mucosal immunization of mice with an inactivated influenza A virus by using delipidated Bacillus firmus (DBF) as adjuvant. The mechanism of adjuvant effect was followed in NALT by comparing the response after intranasal immunization by inactivated influenza virus type A (H1N1) alone, adjuvant alone (DBF), or by a mixture of virus+DBF. Expression of selected gene groups was tested via qPCR at 7 different time-points: cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), type I interferons (IFN-α4, IFN-α11, IFN-α12, and IFN-β), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9), iNOS and CCR7. Intranasally administered DBF and the mixture of virus+DBF induced an elevated expression of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, type I interferons, iNOS, and pDC markers in NALT. Multimarker qPCR data was analyzed by relative quantification and by principal component analysis. DBF has been shown to be a very efficient adjuvant for the stimulation of innate immunity after IN immunization. DBF accelerated, increased, and prolonged the antiviral response.
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