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Leal-Marin S, Kern T, Hofmann N, Pogozhykh O, Framme C, Börgel M, Figueiredo C, Glasmacher B, Gryshkov O. Human Amniotic Membrane: A review on tissue engineering, application, and storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1198-1215. [PMID: 33319484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been employed as scaffolding material in a wide range of tissue engineering applications, especially as a skin dressing and as a graft for corneal treatment, due to the structure of the extracellular matrix and excellent biological properties that enhance both wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review highlights recent work and current knowledge on the application of native hAM, and/or production of hAM-based tissue-engineered products to create scaffolds mimicking the structure of the native membrane to enhance the hAM performance. Moreover, an overview is presented on the available (cryo) preservation techniques for storage of native hAM and tissue-engineered products that are necessary to maintain biological functions such as angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antifibrotic and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leal-Marin
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Hofmann
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olena Pogozhykh
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
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Maini S, Hurley-Bennett K, Dawson C. Case Series Describing the Use of Low-Temperature Vacuum-Dehydrated Amnion (Omnigen) for the Treatment of Corneal Ulcers in Cats and Dogs: 46 Cases (2016-2017). Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100474. [PMID: 32919060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane is widely used in the treatment of ocular surface disorders in human and veterinary patients. Preservation and storage of amnion has proven challenging, prompting the development of new preservation techniques. Omnigen, a novel low-temperature vacuum-dehydrated amnion, is reported to possess enhanced structural properties and biochemical stability in vitro, but its clinical use in veterinary patients is not well described. This study aims to document and describe the varied use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. A total of 45 patients (46 eyes) were recruited from the clinical record system of the Royal Veterinary College (London) between January 2016 and December 2017. Brachycephalic breeds were over-represented (37/45; 82.2%). Omnigen was used as a standalone graft in 5/46 (10.9%) eyes, as a supplementary graft in 29/46 (63.0%) eyes and as a patch in 12/46 (26.1%) eyes. Graft failure occurred in 10/46 eyes (21.7%). At final examination 43/46 eyes (93.5%) had healed and 31/33 eyes (93.9%) were visual. This study demonstrates the successful use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. Further studies are needed to clarify its properties and benefits in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK.
| | - Kiera Hurley-Bennett
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
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McDaniel JS, Wehmeyer JL, Cornell LE, Johnson AJ, Zamora DO. Amniotic membrane allografts maintain key biological properties post SCCO 2 and lyophilization processing. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:592-601. [PMID: 32873118 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220952585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) has been shown to enhance corneal wound healing due to the abundance of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins inherent to the tissue. As such, AM has garnered widespread clinical utility as a biological dressing for a number of ophthalmic and soft tissue applications. The preparation, sterilization, and storage procedures used to manufacture AM grafts are extremely important for the conservation of inherent biological components within the membrane. Current processing techniques use harsh chemicals and sterilization agents that can compromise the fundamental wound healing properties of AM. Furthermore, commercially available cryopreserved AM products require specific storage conditions (e.g., ultra-low freezers) thereby limiting their clinical availability in austere environments. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) technology allows for the sterilization of biological tissues without the resulting degradation of integral ECM proteins and other factors often seen with current tissue sterilization processes. With this study we demonstrate that lyophilized AM, sterilized using SCCO2, maintains similar biochemical properties and biocompatibility as that of commercially available AM products requiring specialized cold storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren E Cornell
- 110230US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony J Johnson
- 110230US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - David O Zamora
- 110230US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
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Coon JI, Jain S, Sepuru KM, Chung Y, Mohankumar K, Rajarathnam K, Jain SK. Lyophilization of human amniotic fluid is feasible without affecting biological activity. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:847-852. [PMID: 31756731 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal swallowing of human amniotic fluid (hAF) containing trophic factors (TFs) promotes gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development. Preterm birth interrupts hAF swallowing, which may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Postnatally, it is difficult to replicate fetal swallowing of hAF due to volume. We aimed to evaluate whether hAF lyophilization is feasible and its effect on hAF-borne TFs. METHODS We collected hAF (n = 16) from uncomplicated pregnancies. hAF was divided into three groups: unprocessed control (C), concentration by microfiltration (F), and by dialysis and lyophilization (L). EGF, HGF, GM-CSF, and TGF-α were measured in each group by multiplex assay. Bioavailability of TFs was measured by proliferation and LPS-induced IL-8 production by intestinal epithelial cells FHs74. RESULTS After dialysis/lyophilization, GM-CSF and TGF-α were preserved with partial loss of EGF and HGF. hAF increased cell proliferation and reduced LPS-induced IL-8 production compared to medium alone. Compared to control, dialysis/lyophilization and filtration of hAF increased FHs74 cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and decreased LPS-induced IL-8 production (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Lyophilization and filtration of hAF is feasible with partial loss of TFs but maintains and even improves bioavailability of TFs measured by proliferation and LPS-induced IL-8 production by FHs74.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Coon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sangeeta Jain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna M Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yerin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishnan Mohankumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Gholipourmalekabadi M, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Faraji M, Nourani MR. How preparation and preservation procedures affect the properties of amniotic membrane? How safe are the procedures? Burns 2019; 46:1254-1271. [PMID: 31445711 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (AM) has been widely used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. AM has many favorable characteristics such as high biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, anti-scarring property, immunomodulatory effects, anti-cancer behavior and contains several growth factors that make it an excellent natural candidate for wound healing. To date, various methods have been developed to prepare, preserve, cross-link and sterilize the AM. These methods remarkably affect the morphological, physico-chemical and biological properties of AM. Optimization of an effective and safe method for preparation and preservation of AM for a specific application is critical. In this review, the isolation, different methods of preparation, preservation, cross-linking and sterilization as well as their effects on properties of AM are well discussed. For each section, at least one effective and safe protocol is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medicine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Faraji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mao Y, Hoffman T, Dhall S, Singal A, Sathyamoorthy M, Danilkovitch A, Kohn J. Endogenous viable cells in lyopreserved amnion retain differentiation potential and anti-fibrotic activity in vitro. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:330-339. [PMID: 31176843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (AM) has intrinsic anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial properties. Tissue preservation methods have helped to overcome the short shelf life of fresh AM allowing "on demand" use of AM grafts. Cryopreserved AM that retains all native tissue components, including viable cells, has clinical benefits in treating chronic wounds. However, cryopreservation requires ultra-low temperature storage, limiting the use of cryopreserved products. To overcome this limitation, a new lyopreservation method has been developed for ambient storage of living tissues. The goal of this study was to investigate the viability and functionality of AM cells following lyopreservation. Fresh AM and devitalized lyopreserved AM (DLAM) served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Using live/dead staining, we confirmed the presence of living cells in viable lyopreserved AM (VLAM) and showed that these cells persisted up to 21 days in culture medium. The functionality of cells in VLAM was assessed by their differentiation potential and anti-fibrotic activity in vitro. With osteogenic induction, cells in VLAM deposited calcium within the membrane, a marker of osteogenic cells, in a time-dependent manner. The migration of human lung fibrotic fibroblasts in a scratch wound assay was reduced significantly in the presence of VLAM-derived conditioned medium. Quantitative PCR analyses indicated that VLAM reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic factors such as type I collagen and increased the expression of anti-fibrotic factors such as hepatocyte growth factor and anti-fibrotic microRNA in fibrotic fibroblasts. Taken together, these results demonstrate that endogenous cells in VLAM remain viable and functional post-lyophilization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study, for the first time, provides direct evidence showing that tissue viability and functional cells can be preserved by lyophilization. Similar to fresh amniotic membrane (AM), viable lyopreserved AM (VLAM) retains viable cells for extended periods of time. More importantly, these cells are functional and maintain their osteogenic differentiation potential and anti-fibrotic activity. Our results confirmed that the novel lyophilization method preserves tissue viability.
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Different Light Transmittance of Placental and Reflected Regions of Human Amniotic Membrane That Could Be Crucial for Corneal Tissue Engineering. Cornea 2017; 35:997-1003. [PMID: 27149533 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of long-term incorporation of amniotic membrane (AM) into corneal stroma after transplantation as a scaffold for stem cell delivery, the variation in haziness is a major factor that influences visual quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate probable sources of transparency variation in fresh and freeze-dried AM and compare the obtained results with transparency of rabbit corneas. METHODS Amnions were extracted from placental and reflected regions of placentas from elective Cesarean sections. The effects of removing epithelial cells and spongy layer on transparency and thickness of fresh and freeze-dried AMs and rabbit cornea were evaluated. The epithelial surface of AMs was evaluated with histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The reflected region of intact AM was thinner and more transparent than the placental region. From histological analysis, the main source of difference between placental and reflected regions of amnion is related to epithelial cells. The process of acellularization improved light transmission of the AM in both placental and reflected regions and also omitted variation between transparency of reflected and placental regions of AM. Freeze-drying of intact AM did not improve transparency because of scattering of light by cellular debris; however, removing the epithelial layer before freeze-drying resulted in optimized light transmission similar to transparency of rabbit cornea. CONCLUSIONS The amniotic epithelial cells play a major role as a source of variation in light transmission properties of amnion. From the results, epithelial-denuded freeze-dried AM was found to be a suitable scaffold to be applied in corneal tissue engineering.
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The effects of cryopreservation on angiogenesis modulation activity of human amniotic membrane. Cryobiology 2015; 71:413-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gibbons GW. Grafix ®, a Cryopreserved Placental Membrane, for the Treatment of Chronic/Stalled Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:534-544. [PMID: 26339532 PMCID: PMC4529022 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To discuss the use of Grafix®, a commercially available, cryopreserved placental membrane, for the treatment of chronic/stalled wounds of different etiologies. Approach: To describe the unique composition of Grafix, to provide an overview of the existing clinical evidence supporting the benefits of Grafix for wound treatment, and to share the experience of the South Shore Hospital Center for Wound Healing (Weymouth, MA) with Grafix for the treatment of nonhealing wounds. Results: Clinical evidence supports the safety and efficacy of Grafix for the treatment of chronic/stalled wounds, including those that have failed other advanced treatment modalities. Innovation: Grafix is a cryopreserved placental membrane manufactured utilizing a novel technology that enables the preservation of all placental membrane components in their native state. Placental membranes have a unique composition of extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cells (including mesenchymal stem cells), which makes this tissue unique among other advanced biological wound treatment modalities. Conclusion: Clinical evidences support the benefits of Grafix for head-to-toe wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Gibbons
- South Shore Hospital Center for Wound Healing , Weymouth, Massachusetts
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The effects of preservation procedures on amniotic membrane's ability to serve as a substrate for cultivation of endothelial cells. Cryobiology 2011; 63:145-51. [PMID: 21884690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) has been used as a scaffold for the ex vivo expansion of different types of cells and a cell delivery matrix in regenerative medicine. Since the preservation procedures can influence the AM properties for experimental and clinical purposes, this study was established to investigate the feasibility of using the AM after different preservation methods to serve as substrates for endothelial cell expansion ex vivo. The effects of cryopreservation and lyophilization were evaluated on mechanical and histological characteristics of the AM, and the results were compared with the fresh AM. The ECM components of the basement membrane were well conserved in all groups. Although lyophilization resulted in more histological changes and lower level of physical variables including thickness, F(max), elongation at break and suture retention than the fresh and cryopreserved AM, endothelial cells grown on the lyophilized AM were better attached to the basement membrane. Cytotoxicity assay by MTT showed that the lyophilized AM is a compatible substrate for endothelial cells cultivation. The findings of this study suggest that the lyophilized AM is a suitable matrix for cultivation of endothelial cells due to this fact that lyophilization led to exposure of basement membrane of the AM.
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Notara M, Alatza A, Gilfillan J, Harris AR, Levis HJ, Schrader S, Vernon A, Daniels JT. In sickness and in health: Corneal epithelial stem cell biology, pathology and therapy. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:188-95. [PMID: 19840786 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Notara
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Cells for Sight Transplantation & Research Programme, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Preservation, sterilization and de-epithelialization of human amniotic membrane for use in ocular surface reconstruction. Biomaterials 2009; 31:216-25. [PMID: 19781769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, human amniotic membrane (AM) has become widely used as an ophthalmic surgical patch as well as a substrate for stem cell tissue equivalents for ocular surface reconstruction. AM reduces ocular surface scarring and inflammation, and enhances epithelialization. In addition, it shows limited immunogenicity and some anti-microbial properties. Before being applied clinically, the donor of AM is required to undergo a thorough health screening and the membrane has to undergo an accepted processing routine, which includes preservation, sterilization and de-epithelialization. There have been various articles describing methods in preserving, sterilizing and de-epithelializing AM. Each preparation technique has been reported to have differential effects on the physical and biological properties of the AM. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a standardized procedure. In this review, we discuss the present techniques and several novel, new approaches in the preparation of AM for use in ocular surface reconstruction, and their impact on AM structure and biological activity.
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Reconstruction of a rabbit corneal epithelium on a lyophilized amniotic membrane using tilting air-liquid interface culture followed by tilting submerged culture. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effects of mechanical stimulation on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ahn JI, Lee DH, Ryu YH, Jang IK, Yoon MY, Shin YH, Seo YK, Yoon HH, Kim JC, Song KY, Yang EK, Kim KH, Park JK. Reconstruction of rabbit corneal epithelium on lyophilized amniotic membrane using the tilting dynamic culture method. Artif Organs 2007; 31:711-21. [PMID: 17725699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit corneal epithelium was reconstructed using tilting dynamic culture with a self-manufactured, amniotic membrane (AM) supporter and a lyophilized amniotic membrane (LAM). Rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cells were cultured and cryopreserved after isolation from the limbus. The second- and third-passage RCE cells were plated onto the epithelial side of the LAM of Ahn's AM supporter. Two days later, the air-liquid interface culture was maintained with third-passage RCE cells for 6 days and second-passage corneal epithelial cells for 9 days. The average viability of thawed RCE cells, assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion, was 77.42%. The reconstructed corneal epithelium was characterized by histological (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical staining (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) for light microscopy, and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, glucose assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The basal layer of the reconstructed corneal epithelium was well formed, and the epithelium was tightly constructed due to the increase in cell proliferation and differentiation caused by the tilting dynamic culture, as opposed to static culture. Tilting dynamic culture was useful for the reconstruction of the epithelium using easily damaged epithelial cells and resulted in more stratum cell layers. Moreover, cytokeratin (CK3) mRNA expression in tilting dynamic cultured third-passage RCE cells seeded onto AM was greater than in static cultured third-passage RCE cells. The morphology of the reconstructed corneal epithelium on LAM by tilting dynamic culture for 9 days resembled that of the skin epidermis. This was thought to be because the tilting dynamic culture not only accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of cells by physical or mechanical stimulation, but also ensured that the supply of medium was delivered to the basal cells more efficiently. Thus, the reconstruction of the corneal epithelium using LAM and tilting dynamic culture was considered to be a good in vitro model for autologous or allogeneic transplantation of corneal epithelium and skin epidermis in patients with damaged epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Seo YK, Song KY, Kim YJ, Park JK. Wound healing effect of acellular artificial dermis containing extracellular matrix secreted by human skin fibroblasts. Artif Organs 2007; 31:509-20. [PMID: 17584475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an acellular artificial dermis, composed of human collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) secreted by cultured human fibroblasts on a bovine collagen sponge, was developed. Much of the newly secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) remained after the cell removal process. The main theme of this study focused on the matrix, rather than the viable cell components of the skin, as the major dermal deficit in the wound. Both the acellular artificial and bioartificial dermises, containing viable cells with ECM, were significantly less soluble than the collagen sponge, and the relative GAG content in the bioartificial and acellular artificial dermises was approximately 115-120% of the chondroitin-6-sulfate (CS) content found in the collagen sponge. In the group receiving the collagen sponge, the wound area gradually decreased to approximately 10% of its original area, while in the groups receiving the bioartificial and acellular artificial dermises, the wound area also gradually decreased to approximately 60 and 50%, respectively, of the original size over the 5 weeks after grafting. Both the bioartificial and acellular artificial dermises formed thicker, denser collagen fibers; more new blood vessel formation was observed in both cases. The basement membrane of the regenerated epidermal-dermal junction was thicker and more linear in the acellular artificial dermis graft than in the collagen sponge graft. In conclusion, the wound healing effects of acellular artificial dermis are no less than those of the bioartificial dermis, and much better than the collagen sponge graft with respect to wound contraction, angiogenesis, collagen formation, and basement membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Soeul, Korea
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Jang IK, Ahn JI, Shin JS, Kwon YS, Ryu YH, Lee JK, Park JK, Song KY, Yang EK, Kim JC. Transplantation of Reconstructed Corneal Layer Composed of Corneal Epithelium and Fibroblasts on a Lyophilized Amniotic Membrane to Severely Alkali-burned Cornea. Artif Organs 2006; 30:424-31. [PMID: 16734593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to evaluate the graft efficacy of reconstructed corneal layer, composed of autologous corneal epithelium and fibroblasts on a lyophilized amniotic membrane (LAM), in a severely alkali-burned corneal model. After biopsy specimens were obtained from the left eyes of 24 rabbits, the corneal epithelial cells and fibroblasts were expanded in vitro and the corneal layer was reconstructed on LAM. Thirty-six eyes of rabbits underwent alkali burn (1 N NaOH, 30 s) to create a limbal deficiency and a deeply damaged corneal stroma. Four weeks later, group 1 underwent a graft of the reconstructed corneal layer composed of autologous corneal epithelium and fibroblasts on LAM. Group 2 was transplanted with a graft of the reconstructed autologous corneal epithelium, and group 3 served as a control without surgery. Wound healing and stabilization of the ocular surfaces occurred much faster in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. The eyes in group 3 revealed typical limbal deficiencies with conjuctivalization and persistent corneal epithelial defects. However, the corneas in group 1 developed only mild peripheral neovascularization. Immunohistochemical staining in group 1 demonstrated that p63, cytokeratin 3, E-cadherin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and collagen IV were expressed strongly in the corneal epithelium and basement membrane. On the basis of these results, transplantation of the reconstructed corneal layer, composed of autologous corneal epithelium and fibroblasts on LAM, partially accelerated the recovery of the alkali-injured rabbit ocular surface, and might be useful therapeutically for the treatment of patients with severely damaged cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Keun Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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