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Fujita K, Inui H. Review: Biological functions of major latex-like proteins in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110856. [PMID: 33775363 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) have been identified in dicots and monocots. They are members of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 family as well as pathogenesis-related proteins class 10. MLPs have two main features. One is binding affinity toward various hydrophobic compounds, such as long-chain fatty acids, steroids, and systemic acquired resistance signals, via its internal hydrophobic cavity or hydrophobic residues on its surface. MLPs transport such compounds to other organs via phloem and xylem vessels and contribute to the expression of physiologically important ligands' activity in the particular organs. The second feature is responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. MLPs are involved in drought and salt tolerance through the mediation of plant hormone signaling pathways. MLPs generate resistance against pathogens by the induction of pathogenesis-related protein genes. Therefore, MLPs play crucial roles in drought and salt tolerance and resistance against pathogens. However, knowledge of MLPs is fragmented, and an overview of them is needed. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the biological functions of MLPs, which to our knowledge, is the first review about MLPs that has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Park S, Gupta R, Krishna R, Kim ST, Lee DY, Hwang DJ, Bae SC, Ahn IP. Proteome Analysis of Disease Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Cultivar CT206-10. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:25-32. [PMID: 26889112 PMCID: PMC4755672 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2015.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to many fungal and bacterial diseases. Among these, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes significant yield loss. In the present study, integrated proteomics and genomics approaches were used in order to identify bacterial wilt resistant genes from Rs resistance potato cultivar CT-206-10. 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified eight differentially abundant proteins including glycine-rich RNA binding protein (GRP), tomato stress induced-1 (TSI-1) protein, pathogenesis-related (STH-2) protein and pentatricopeptide repeat containing (PPR) protein in response to Rs infection. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR identified up-regulation in transcript levels of all these genes upon Rs infection. Taken together, our results showed the involvement of the identified proteins in the Rs stress tolerance in potato. In the future, it would be interesting to raise the transgenic plants to further validate their involvement in resistance against Rs in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangryeol Park
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - R. Krishna
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Duk-ju Hwang
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Shin-Chul Bae
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Il-Pyung Ahn
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
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Wangorsch A, Jamin A, Foetisch K, Malczyk A, Reuter A, Vierecke S, Schülke S, Bartel D, Mahler V, Lidholm J, Vieths S, Scheurer S. Identification of Sola l 4 as Bet v 1 homologous pathogenesis related-10 allergen in tomato fruits. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:582-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Jamin
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Kay Foetisch
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Anna Malczyk
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Sabine Vierecke
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Detlef Bartel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- University Hospital of Erlangen; Department of Dermatology; Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Division of Allergology; Langen Germany
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Pathogenesis related-10 proteins are small, structurally similar but with diverse role in stress signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:599-611. [PMID: 24343423 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis related-10 proteins are small proteins with cytosolic localization, conserved three dimensional structures and single intron at 185 bp position. These proteins have a broad spectrum of roles significantly in biotic and abiotic stresses. The RNase activity, ligand binding activity, posttranslational modification (phosphorylation) and phytohormone signaling provide some information into the mechanism of the regulation of PR-10 proteins, however the presence of isoforms makes it difficult to decipher its exact mode of function. The involvement of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events in its activation is interesting and provides unique and unbiased insights into the complexity of its regulation. Studies on upstream region of different PR-10 genes indicate the presence of cis-acting elements for WRKY, RAVI, bZ1P, ERF, SEBF and Pti4 transcription factors indicating their role in regulating PR-10 promoter. In this review, we discuss in detail the structure and mechanism of regulation of PR-10 proteins.
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Wu S, Peiffer M, Luthe DS, Felton GW. ATP hydrolyzing salivary enzymes of caterpillars suppress plant defenses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41947. [PMID: 22848670 PMCID: PMC3405022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral secretions of herbivores are important recognition cues that can be used by plants to mediate induced defenses. In this study, a degradation of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) in tomato leaves was detected after treatment with Helicoverpa zea saliva. Correspondingly, a high level of ATPase activity in saliva was detected and three ATP hydrolyzing enzymes: apyrase, ATP synthase and ATPase 13A1 were identified in salivary glands. To determine the functions of these proteins in mediating defenses, they were cloned from H. zea and expressed in Escherichia coli. By applying the purified expressed apyrase, ATP synthase or ATPase 13A1 to wounded tomato leaves, it was determined that these ATP hydrolyzing enzymes suppressed the defensive genes regulated by the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways in tomato plant. Suppression of glandular trichome production was also observed after treatment. Blood-feeding arthropods employ 5'-nucleotidase family of apyrases to circumvent host responses and the H. zea apyrase, is also a member of this family. The comparatively high degree of sequence similarity of the H. zea salivary apyrase with mosquito apyrases suggests a broader evolutionary role for salivary apyrases than previously envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dawn S. Luthe
- Department of Crop and Soil Science and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Felton
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Unraveling plant responses to bacterial pathogens through proteomics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:354801. [PMID: 22131803 PMCID: PMC3216475 DOI: 10.1155/2011/354801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria cause diseases in important crops and seriously and negatively impact agricultural production. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms by which plants resist bacterial infection at the stage of the basal immune response or mount a successful specific R-dependent defense response is crucial since a better understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying these interactions will enable molecular and transgenic approaches to crops with increased biotic resistance. In recent years, proteomics has been used to gain in-depth understanding of many aspects of the host defense against pathogens and has allowed monitoring differences in abundance of proteins as well as posttranscriptional and posttranslational processes, protein activation/inactivation, and turnover. Proteomics also offers a window to study protein trafficking and routes of communication between organelles. Here, we summarize and discuss current progress in proteomics of the basal and specific host defense responses elicited by bacterial pathogens.
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Daurelio LD, Petrocelli S, Blanco F, Holuigue L, Ottado J, Orellano EG. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel genes involved in nonhost response to bacterial infection in tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:382-91. [PMID: 20828873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to pathogen challenge. The most common defense response to pathogenic microorganisms is the nonhost response, which is usually accompanied by transcriptional changes. In order to identify genes involved in nonhost resistance, we evaluated the tobacco transcriptome profile after infection with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), a nonhost phytopathogenic bacterium. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism was used to identify differentially expressed transcripts in tobacco leaves infected with Xac at 2, 8 and 24h post-inoculation. From a total of 2087 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) screened (approximately 20% of the tobacco transcriptome), 316 TDFs showed differential expression. Based on sequence similarities, 82 differential TDFs were identified and assigned to different functional categories: 56 displayed homology to genes with known functions, 12 to proteins with unknown functions and 14 did not have a match. Real-time PCR was carried out with selected transcripts to confirm the expression pattern obtained. The results reveal novel genes associated with nonhost resistance in plant-pathogen interaction in tobacco. These novel genes could be included in future strategies of molecular breeding for nonhost disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Damián Daurelio
- Molecular Biology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
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Dahal D, Heintz D, Van Dorsselaer A, Braun HP, Wydra K. Pathogenesis and stress related, as well as metabolic proteins are regulated in tomato stems infected with Ralstonia solanacearum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:838-46. [PMID: 19482482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A comparative proteome analysis was initiated to systematically investigate the physiological response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt. Plants of the susceptible tomato recombinant inbred line NHG3 and the resistant NHG13 were either infected or not infected with R. solanacearum and subsequently used for proteome analysis. Two-dimensional isoelectric focussing/sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE) allowed the separation of about 650-690 protein spots per analysis. Twelve proteins were of differential abundance in susceptible plants in response to bacterial infection, while no differences were observed in the resistant genotype. LC-MS/MS analysis of these spots revealed 12 proteins, six of which were annotated as plant and six as bacterial proteins. Among the plant proteins, two represent pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, one stress response protein, one enzyme of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and one hypothetical protein. A constitutive difference between resistant and susceptible lines was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Dahal
- Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str.2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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Kim JG, Li X, Roden JA, Taylor KW, Aakre CD, Su B, Lalonde S, Kirik A, Chen Y, Baranage G, McLane H, Martin GB, Mudgett MB. Xanthomonas T3S Effector XopN Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase and TFT1. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:1305-23. [PMID: 19366901 PMCID: PMC2685636 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
XopN is a virulence factor from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv) that is translocated into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf cells by the pathogen's type III secretion system. Xcv DeltaxopN mutants are impaired in growth and have reduced ability to elicit disease symptoms in susceptible tomato leaves. We show that XopN action in planta reduced pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced gene expression and callose deposition in host tissue, indicating that XopN suppresses PAMP-triggered immune responses during Xcv infection. XopN is predicted to have irregular, alpha-helical repeats, suggesting multiple protein-protein interactions in planta. Consistent with this prediction, XopN interacted with the cytosolic domain of a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase1 (TARK1) and four Tomato Fourteen-Three-Three isoforms (TFT1, TFT3, TFT5, and TFT6) in yeast. XopN/TARK1 and XopN/TFT1 interactions were confirmed in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down analysis. Xcv DeltaxopN virulence defects were partially suppressed in transgenic tomato leaves with reduced TARK1 mRNA levels, indicating that TARK1 plays an important role in the outcome of Xcv-tomato interactions. These data provide the basis for a model in which XopN binds to TARK1 to interfere with TARK1-dependent signaling events triggered in response to Xcv infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Gun Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA
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Uppalapati SR, Ishiga Y, Wangdi T, Kunkel BN, Anand A, Mysore KS, Bender CL. The phytotoxin coronatine contributes to pathogen fitness and is required for suppression of salicylic acid accumulation in tomato inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2007; 20:955-65. [PMID: 17722699 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-8-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The roles of the phytotoxin coronatine (COR) and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defenses in the interaction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were investigated. Unlike findings reported for Arabidopsis thaliana, DC3000 mutants impaired for production of COR or one of its components, coronafacic acid (CFA) or coronamic acid (CMA), induced distinctly different disease lesion phenotypes in tomato. Tomato plants inoculated with the CFA- CMA- mutant DB29 showed elevated transcript levels of SlICS, which encodes isochorismate synthase, an enzyme involved in SA biosynthesis in S. lycopersicum. Furthermore, expression of genes encoding SA-mediated defense proteins were elevated in DB29-inoculated plants compared with plants inoculated with DC3000, suggesting that COR suppresses SlICS-mediated SA responses. Sequence analysis of SlICS revealed that it encodes a protein that is 55 and 59.6% identical to the A. thaliana ICS-encoded proteins AtICS1 and AtICS2, respectively. Tomato plants silenced for SlICS were hypersusceptible to DC3000 and accumulated lower levels of SA after infection with DC3000 compared with inoculated wild-type tomato plants. Unlike what has been shown for A. thaliana, the COR- mutant DB29 was impaired for persistence in SlICS-silenced tomato plants; thus, COR has additional roles in virulence that are SA independent and important in the latter stages of disease development. In summary, the infection assays, metabolic profiling, and gene expression results described in this study indicate that the intact COR molecule is required for both suppression of SA-mediated defense responses and full disease symptom development in tomato.
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