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Jin M, Wu Q, Miao B, Jin J, Gao C, Xu X, Luo Y, Chen Z. Multiple cholesterol granulomas of the breast: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33084. [PMID: 36827045 PMCID: PMC11309624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare disease defined as chronic reactive inflammation of cholesterol crystals and foreign body giant cells. This disease can mimic breast cancer in the clinic as painless palpable hard nodules, and imaging shows irregular hypoechoic nodules with unclear boundaries. Therefore, the uncommon lesions can be easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer. Meanwhile, it can be easily neglected by clinicians because of poor understanding. PATIENT CONCERNS In this report, we present a rare case of multiple cholesterol granulomas of the breast, which was analyzed retrospectively and combined with all 11 relevant available studies in the last 50 years. INTERVENTIONS The patient had undergone multiple breast imaging inspections for breast nodules and had the local resection of nodules. DIAGNOSES The patient was confirmed to have a final diagnosis of benign cholesterol granulomas but was initially considered as breast cancer. OUTCOMES The patient did not complain of discomfort after surgery, and ultrasound reexamination 5 months after surgery showed no recurrence. LESSONS By retrospective analysis, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and core needle biopsy can synergistically help clinicians distinguish it from other breast disease. To raise awareness of such a rare disease and reduce related misdiagnoses, we summarize the characteristics of cholesterol granulomas and recommend appropriate novel diagnosis and treatment regimens for patients with cholesterol granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Pangang Xichang Hospital, Xichang, China
| | - Bingliang Miao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Childcare Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chenyi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lahbacha B, Chaabane A, Chelly B, Douggaz A, Mfarrej MK, Jbir I, Nechi S, Chelbi E. Cholesterol Granuloma of the Breast Mimicking Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2023; 11:23247096231193275. [PMID: 37565689 PMCID: PMC10422883 DOI: 10.1177/23247096231193275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is an infrequent benign lesion with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of cancer. Herein, we present the case of a 52-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, who presented to the outpatient department for her routine breast screening. Physical examination revealed a painless palpable nodule in the upper external quadrant of the left breast, measuring 0.7 cm. On imaging, the mass met the criteria for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4B. Subsequently, a core needle biopsy of the mass was performed. Despite the alarming radiologic features, microscopic findings were consistent with breast cholesterol granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abir Chaabane
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Beya Chelly
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Amel Douggaz
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | | | - Ichraf Jbir
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
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3
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Ishikawa Y, Fujio A, Tokodai K, Kashiwadate T, Miyazawa K, Sasaki K, Matsumura M, Saitoh Y, Tsuruoka M, Inoue J, Miyagi S, Fujishima F, Unno M, Kamei T. Cholesterol Granuloma of the Liver Mimicking Malignant Tumor: A Case Report. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:235-240. [PMID: 35321967 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol granuloma is a benign, tumor-like lesion with an accumulation of cholesterol crystals in the tissue and is a consequence of a chronic inflammatory reaction. It commonly occurs in the middle ear but rarely in the liver. There is only one previous case report of cholesterol granuloma of the liver, which was caused by cholesterol hepatolithiasis. We report a case of cholesterol granuloma of the liver in a patient with no intrahepatic cholesterol stones; it was difficult to rule out malignant liver tumor preoperatively. The patient was a 79-year-old woman in whom a lesion in the liver was detected on abdominal ultrasonography. She was referred to our hospital for detailed examination and treatment. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 20 mm lesion with ring enhancement in the lateral segment of the liver during the arterial and delayed phases. Since a malignant tumor could not be ruled out radiologically, laparoscopic lateral segment hepatectomy was performed for definitive diagnosis and treatment. The resection specimen showed a yellowish-white lesion measuring 15 mm in diameter. Pathological examination showed a granulomatous lesion with cholesterol crystals surrounded by foreign body giant cells. The lesion was diagnosed as cholesterol granuloma of the liver. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. She was healthy, and no recurrence of the cholesterol granuloma was detected at the 5-month follow-up. This is the first case report of cholesterol granuloma of the liver mimicking a malignant liver tumor in a patient with no intrahepatic cholesterol stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Fujio
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuaki Tokodai
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koji Miyazawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Yoshikatsu Saitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mio Tsuruoka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Nam G, Singer TM, Lourenco AP, Wang Y. Cholesteroloma of the breast: A 10 year retrospective review of 79 cases with radiology correlation. Breast J 2019; 25:1177-1181. [PMID: 31280486 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A cholesteroloma or cholesterol granuloma of the breast is an uncommon lesion representing an inflammatory/reactive process with unclear etiology. In this study, we reviewed our 10-year experience with cholesteroloma of the breast with clinical, radiologic, and histopathological correlation. Seventy-nine cases were selected. The mean patient age was 57.7 (range 25-90) years old. Patients had hypercholesterolemia with mean blood cholesterol level of 201 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 kg/m2 (P = 0.1976). The indications for the breast biopsies were mass lesion on radiology (85.5%, n = 65) and microcalcifications (10.5%, n = 8). Of the 65 cases of the mass lesions, 52 presented as solid masses and 13 were cystic. On the diagnostic mammogram or ultrasound, 81.9% were BI-RADS 4% and 6.9% were BI-RADS 5. Macrocysts were the most common pathological finding associated with cholesteroloma suggesting the etiology of cholesteroloma may be the result of repair process from obstruction and rupture of the macrocysts. Six cases (9.2%) of cholesterolomas had persistent masses during follow-up. The recognition of this lesion and radio-pathological correlation can help us better understand this entity and distinguish it from its mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahie Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tisha M Singer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ana P Lourenco
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Kim SJ. Increasing Size of Cholesterol Granuloma of the Breast in the Vicinity of a Previous Breast Biopsy: Imaging Features and Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:370-376. [PMID: 30894505 PMCID: PMC6439936 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.914282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 52 Final Diagnosis: Cholesterol granuloma of the breast Symptoms: None Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Core needle biopsy Specialty: Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Nagata S, Ishihara M, Omasa M, Nakanishi T, Motoyama H. Multifocal thymic cysts with cholesterol granuloma. Respirol Case Rep 2018; 6:e00361. [PMID: 30186607 PMCID: PMC6118296 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old female presented to our department with chest discomfort. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a cyst and nodule in the anterior mediastinum; positron emission tomography-CT showed an increased uptake in the nodule. Total thymectomy was performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis and treatment. A pathological diagnosis of multifocal thymic cysts with cholesterol granuloma was made. Microscopic examination revealed different-sized cysts scattered in the thymus. These cysts were filled with cholesterol clefts and manifested three different phase characters. The nodule comprised granuloma-containing cholesterol clefts. We report a rare case of a patient whose histopathology presented a series of cholesterol granuloma formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Nagata
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKobe City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
| | - Misa Ishihara
- Department of Clinical PathologyKobe City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
| | - Mitsugu Omasa
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKobe City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
| | - Takao Nakanishi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKobe City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
| | - Hideki Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKobe City Nishi‐Kobe Medical CenterKobeJapan
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Hu CC, Chang TH, Hsu HH, Pen YJ, Yu JC. T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) to Distinguish Between Concurrent Cholesterol Granuloma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:593-598. [PMID: 29789520 PMCID: PMC5994963 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.909161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 52 Final Diagnosis: Cholesterol granuloma of the breast Symptoms: Follow up Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Surgical excision Specialty: Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hou Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-He Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Pen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim YS, Chang JM. Sonographic appearance of a cholesterol granuloma mimicking breast cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2017; 45:608-611. [PMID: 28220943 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A breast cholesterol granuloma is a rare benign condition that can be a pitfall in diagnosing breast cancer. We describe a cholesterol granuloma in the breast mimicking breast cancer on sonography. The mass was confirmed to be a cholesterol granuloma through a core needle biopsy, but an excisional biopsy was eventually performed due to suspicious sonographic appearance and histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:608-611, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seon Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Chang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Khan R, Narula V, Jain A, Maheshwari V. Cholesterol granuloma of the breast mimicking malignancy. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-200108. [PMID: 23925685 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is an unusual non-neoplastic condition which frequently resembles malignancy clinically as well as radiologically. We herein report a case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with a lump in the upper outer quadrant of right breast. Physical examination and ultrasonography strongly suggested a carcinomatous lesion, but histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis to be cholestrol granulomas. This article highlights the perplexing clinical presentation of cholesterol granulomas and affirms the role of histopathological examination in diagnosing these lesions correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roobina Khan
- Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahn HS, Kim SM, Yun BL, Kim MS, Jang M, Park SY, Kim SW, Kang E, Choi HY. The unusual ultrasound features of a breast cholesterol granuloma manifesting as an intracystic mass: case report and literature review. Korean J Radiol 2013; 14:179-82. [PMID: 23482884 PMCID: PMC3590328 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare, benign disease. Here, we present the unique ultrasonographic findings of breast cholesterol granuloma manifesting as an intracystic mass. The findings of this case report may help expand existing knowledge regarding differential diagnosis of intracystic breast masses, which are found on ultrasonographic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Shin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea
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Abstract
A 58-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic for further examination of a mass detected in the right kidney on follow-up ultrasonography performed for active surveillance of right ovarian cancer. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a cyst (diameter, 30 mm) with an irregular wall in the middle of the right kidney. Right nephrectomy was performed since malignancy was suspected. Histological findings of the mass indicated cholesterol granuloma. Although cholesterol granulomas in the middle ear have been frequently reported, those in other organs have been reported in few studies. In this patient, the cholesterol granuloma could be barely distinguished from the cancer by using imaging techniques.
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12
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Noda K, Kodama S, Uemura N, Suzuki M. A rare case of cholesterol granuloma in the thyroid without an abnormality of lipid metabolism. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010; 37:134-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Garofalo S, Casolino C, Accurso A, Falleti J. Cholesterol granuloma of the breast with unusual ossification features (osseous metaplasia). Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:353-6. [PMID: 18276082 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare benign condition that can be mistaken for breast cancer. We present a case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with a 1-year history of asymptomatic palpable nodule in the upper external quadrant of the right breast. Mammography and ultrasonography suggested carcinoma, but excisional biopsy revealed cholesterol granuloma with unusual osseous metaplasia. Although reported to occur more frequently in the middle ear and mastoid process, we believe that better awareness of this rare benign condition is most important to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garofalo
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Van Linthoudt D, Joris F, Christen B, Pazera A, Nobel M, Magnanelli L, Malterre L. Suspected Gouty Tophus in a Woman's Breast. J Clin Rheumatol 2005; 11:277-9. [PMID: 16357777 DOI: 10.1097/01.rhu.0000182195.26541.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A postmenopausal woman treated with diuretics for hypertension and who underwent surgery for a previous fibroadenoma of the left breast presented, in December 2003, with a sudden bloody discharge of the left nipple with local swelling, redness, and pain. Radiologic investigations revealed a well-delimited tumor under the areola. Needle aspiration disclosed many histiocytes but no bacteria. Despite improvement with antibiotics, the tumor was removed. Pathological examination shows features suggesting the tumor was a gouty tophus. Birefringent crystals were retrospectively found on the smears of the aspirated material. To our knowledge, only 3 similar cases have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Van Linthoudt
- Département de Rhumatologie, Hôpital, La Chaux-de-Fonds, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
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