Synthesis and sar studies for the inhibition of tnf-α production. part 2. 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-substituted-1 -isoindolinone derivatives

Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Isoindolinone-Directed Branched-Selective Aromatic C-H Alkylation with Simple Alkenes

We report an iridium(I)-catalyzed branched-selective C–H alkylation of N-arylisoindolinones with simple alkenes as the alkylating agents. The amide carbonyl group of the isoindolinone motif acts as the directing group to assist the ortho C–H activation of the N-aryl ring. With this atom-economic and highly branched-selective protocol, an array of biologically relevant N-arylisoindolinones were obtained in good yields. Asymmetric control was achieved with up to 87:13 er when a BiPhePhos-like chiral ligand was employed.

Metal-Free Cascade Formation of Intermolecular C-N Bonds Accessing Substituted Isoindolinones under Cathodic Reduction

An electrochemical protocol for the construction of substituted isoindolinones via reduction/amidation of 2-carboxybenzaldehydes and amines has been realized. Under metal-free and external-reductant-free electrolytic conditions, the reaction achieves the cascade formation of intermolecular C-N bonds and provides a series of isoindolinones in moderate to good yields. The deuterium-labeling experiment proves that the hydrogen in the methylene of the product is mainly provided by H₂O in the system.

Ruthenium(ii)-catalysed selective C(sp2)-H bond benzoxylation of biologically appealing N-arylisoindolinones

Site- and regio-selective aromatic C-H bond benzoxylations were found to take place using biologically appealing N-arylisoindolinones under ruthenium(ii) catalysis in the presence of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives as coupling partners. Besides the presence of two potential C(sp²)-H sites available for functionalization in the substrates, exclusive ortho selectivity was achieved in the phenyl ring attached to the nitrogen atom. Notably, the reactions occurred in a selective manner as only mono-functionalized products were formed and they tolerated a large number of functional chemical groups. The ability of the cyclic tertiary amide within the isoindolinone skeleton to act as a weak directing group in order to accommodate six-membered ring ruthenacycle intermediates appears to be the key to reach such high levels of selectivity. In contrast, the more sterically demanding cyclic imides were unreactive under identical reaction conditions.

Facile synthesis of some pyrazoline-based compounds with promising anti-inflammatory activity

Aim: Search for new anti-inflammatory agents with higher efficacy and lower toxicity is an urgent demand in drug discovery era. Methodology: Different pyrazoline derivatives 4a,b, 5a,b, 6a–h and 7a–f were prepared from the condensation reactions of 1,5-bis(5-methylfuran/thiophen-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-ones 3a,b with different hydrazine derivatives. All compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method in rats and TNF-α inhibition assay. Results: Many compounds revealed promising anti-inflammatory activity relative to indomethacin especially compounds 4a, 5a, 5b, 6b, 6d, 6f and 7b. They were safe to the gastric mucosa and did not cause toxicity up to tenfolds the anti-inflammatory dose, in addition, all compounds inhibited TNF-α with IC50 values of 1.7–100 nM.

An efficient approach to 3-oxoisoindoline-1-difluoroalkyl derivatives via a metal triflate-catalyzed Mannich/lactamization cascade reaction

An efficient approach for the synthesis of N-substituted 3-oxoisoindoline-1-difluoroalkyl derivatives via a one-pot cascade reaction has been developed.

Transition metal free intramolecular selective oxidative C(sp3)–N coupling: synthesis of N-aryl-isoindolinones from 2-alkylbenzamides

A transition metal-free intramolecular selective oxidative coupling reaction of C(sp³)–H and N–H bonds has been presented utilizing iodine, potassium carbonate and di-tert-butyl peroxide in acetonitrile at 110–140 °C.

Effects of dialkoxylphenyl compounds with oxime group on macrophage function and the proliferation of lymphocytes

Dialkoxyphenyl compounds have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of phosphodieseterase (PDE) type IV. In this study, a series of derivatives of dialkoxyphenyl compounds with an oxime group, which is generally known to be one of the biologically active functional groups, were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages and the proliferation of lymphocytes. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study with 12 compounds on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibition, analysed by the oxime geometry and different size of spacers between the oxime and phenyl group, indicated that there might be at least three possible hydrogen bonding sites in the inhibitor binding pocket of PDE IV. Of them, compound 6 clearly displayed the highest inhibitory effect on in-vitro TNF-alpha production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compound 6 also suppressed in-vivo TNF-alpha release from LPS-primed mice, a level comparable with that of the standard PDE IV inhibitor, rolipram. In addition, oxime compounds also significantly inhibited both nitric oxide production from activated RAW264.7 cells and T lymphocyte proliferation elicited by concanavalin A but not IL-2. The data suggest that the oxime group may act as a functional group, capable of interacting with the inhibitor-binding pocket of target PDE IV. Therefore, it is conceivable that compound 6 may have the potential either to be developed as a new anti-inflammatory drug or to be used to develop more potent analogues.