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WANG Y, ZHAO K, LI L, SONG X, HE Y, DING N, LI L, WANG S, LIU Z. A review of the immune activity of chitooligosaccharides. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.97822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li LI
- Chenland Nutritionals, United States
| | - Xuena SONG
- Qingdao Chenland Health Industry Group Co, China
| | - Yao HE
- Nanchang University, China
| | | | - Lijie LI
- Qingdao Engineering Vocational College, China
| | | | - Zimin LIU
- Chenland Nutritionals, United States
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tang D, Dong R, Feng Q. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Overnutrition via Altering Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743492. [PMID: 34660667 PMCID: PMC8517441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) play a prebiotic role in many ways, whereas its function on microbiota is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of COS on metabolic syndrome were initially investigated by testing changes in the physiological indicators after adding COS to the diet of mice with high fat (group H) and low fat (group L). The results showed that COS markedly inhibited the accumulation of body weight and liver fat induced by high-fat diet, as well as restored the elevated concentration of blood glucose and fasting insulin to normal levels. Next, changes of the murine intestinal microbiota were examined. The results exhibited that COS reduced with-in-sample diversity, while the between-sample microbial diversity enhanced. Specifically, COS enriched Clostridium paraputrificum and Clostridium ramosum in the mice on a high-fat diet, while the abundance of Clostridium cocleatum was reduced. As a comparison, Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Bacteroides uniformis increased their abundance in response to COS in the low-fat diet group. Noticeably, a large amount of Akkermansia muciniphila was enriched in both high-fat or low-fat diet groups. Among the differential fecal bacteria, Clostridium ramosume was found to be positively interacted with Faecalibacterim prausnitzii and Clostridium paraputrificum; Clostridium paraputrificum had a positive interactions with Lactococcus chungangensis and Bifidobacterium mongoliense, suggesting that COS probably ameliorate metabolic syndrome through the microbiota in view of the lipid-lowering effects of these interacted bacteria. Furthermore, the gene expression data revealed that COS improved the functions related to intestinal barrier and glucose transport, which could be the trigger and consequence of the variations in gut microbiota induced by COS. Additionally, correlation analysis found that intestinal bacteria are related to physiological parameters, which further supports the mediating role of gut microbiota in the beneficial effect of COS. In summary, our research results provide new evidence for the prebiotic effects of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shili Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Tang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Cerig S, Geyikoglu F. Oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity induced by poly-d-glucosamine in human blood cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:43-55. [PMID: 34036758 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (CH; chitin) is the main component of the insect skeleton, fungal cell wall, and many crustaceans, including crab and shrimp. CH is the most abundant in nature after cellulose, and it has a complex and hardly soluble structure. Poly-d-glucosamine (CHO; chitosan) is a soluble derivative of CH produced by deacetylation used in many fields, including human health. This study carried out the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of CHO on human whole blood (hWB) and lymphocytes (LYMs) in dose ranges 6.25-2000 μg/mL, in vitro. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) analyzes were performed on plasma to appreciate oxidative stress. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were applied to understand the cytotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) methods were practiced to evaluate genotoxicity. 6.25-150 μg/mL doses increased TAC and decreased TOS. A decreasing and increasing curve from 200 to 2000 μg/mL on TAC and TOS values were determined, respectively. 0-250 μg/mL doses did not provide any cytotoxic data. However, 500-2000 μg/mL doses showed increasing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The study results showed that CHO does not pose a toxic risk to human health at low doses but may pose a threat at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Cerig
- First and Emergency Aid Program, Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS): An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:827-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Uğur Aydin Z, Akpinar KE, Hepokur C, Erdönmez D. Assessment of toxicity and oxidative DNA damage of sodium hypochlorite, chitosan and propolis on fibroblast cells. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e119. [PMID: 30517428 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human fibroblast cell lines of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chitosan and propolis as root canal irrigating solutions. Human fibroblast cells were exposed to chitosan, propolis and NaOCl for 4 and 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide, and oxidative DNA damage was assessed by determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level with an ELISA kit. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analysed statistically using a test of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of p < 0.05. In the NaOCI group, the 8-OHdG level was higher than in the chitosan group, but there was no statistical difference when compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). It was determined that the irrigation solutions were cytotoxic, depending on the dose and time. NaOCl was the most toxic solution after both 4 and 24 h of exposure (p < 0.05). Chitosan and propolis may be alternatives to NaOCl for irrigation solutions, because they are both less toxic and produce less oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Uğur Aydin
- University of Abant Izzet Baysal, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kerem Engin Akpinar
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Hepokur
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Aksaray, Turkey
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Phil L, Naveed M, Mohammad IS, Bo L, Bin D. Chitooligosaccharide: An evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties with the proposition for determination of thermal degradation products. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:438-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Muanprasat C, Chatsudthipong V. Chitosan oligosaccharide: Biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:80-97. [PMID: 27773783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1➔4)-linked d-glucosamine. COS can be prepared from the deacetylation and hydrolysis of chitin, which is commonly found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and insects and the cell walls of fungi. COS is water soluble, non-cytotoxic, readily absorbed through the intestine and mainly excreted in the urine. Of particular importance, COS and its derivatives have been demonstrated to possess several biological activities including anti-inflammation, immunostimulation, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-hypertension, anti-Alzheimer's disease, tissue regeneration promotion, drug and DNA delivery enhancement, anti-microbial, anti-oxidation and calcium-absorption enhancement. The mechanisms of actions of COS have been found to involve the modulation of several important pathways including the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This review summarizes the current knowledge of the preparation methods, pharmacokinetic profiles, biological activities, potential therapeutic applications and safety profiles of COS and its derivatives. In addition, future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Muanprasat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Jantova S, Bakos D, Birosova L, Matejov P. Biological properties of a novel coladerm-beta glucan membrane.In vitro assessment using human fibroblasts. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:67-76. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chitooligosaccharides upon lymphocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:433-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Proteome analysis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice in response to chitosan oligosaccharides treatment. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chitosan prevents oxidative stress-induced amyloid β formation and cytotoxicity in NT2 neurons: involvement of transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 337:39-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li DX, Fan HS, Zhu XD, Tan YF, Xiao WQ, Lu J, Xiao YM, Chen JY, Zhang XD. Controllable release of salmon-calcitonin in injectable calcium phosphate cement modified by chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen polypeptide. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:2225-31. [PMID: 17619977 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the effect of the controlled releasing character of the salmon calcitonin (S-CT) loaded injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) modified by adding organic phase, chitosan oligosaccharide (CO) and collagen polypeptide (CP). The uniform design was used to determine the basic formulation with suitable injectable time for clinical application, and then the changes of the physical characters, the controlled releasing character of the modified CPC along with the ratio of the organic phase were also evaluated in vitro. The surface morphous of the modified CPC been implanted in the abdominal cavity or soaked into the serum of rat was also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that a suitable formulation of modified CPC could be got, and the injectable time is 12 min, the compressive strength is 12 MPa, and the final setting time is 40 min. Comparing with the CPC without organic phase, the releasing rate of S-CT would increase along with the increase of the organic phase after 7th day. Therefore, a novel S-CT loaded bioactive injectable CPC for treating osteoporosis induced bone defect was obtained, and the release of the containing S-CT was controlled easily through adjusting the ratio of CO and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on the glycerol-induced acute renal failure in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:710-6. [PMID: 18035466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosanoligosaccharide (COS) on the change of inflammatory response, renal function factor, and renal oxidative stress in glycerol-induced ARF in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight of COS was approximately below 10 kDa with 90% degree of deacetylation. Renal proximal tubular cells were treated with only COS (0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) or COS in the presence of glycerol (4mM). And rats were administered with glycerol (50%, 8 ml/kg) by intramuscular injection for the induction of ARF. For identification the protection effect of COS in the glycerol-induced ARF, rats were administered by COS (0.05 and 0.1%) using P.O. injection. The enzymatic activity of the released RDPase was assayed by the fluorometric method. The level of TNF-alpha in kidney or the culture medium was quantified using ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) and, nitrite concentration was determined by the Griess reaction. We showed that COS stimulated the production of TNF-alpha, NO and the released RDPase. Glycerol increased the concentration of RDPase in kidney and decreased the released RDPase in proximal tubular cells. And, glycerol increased the production of NO, TNF-alpha, creatinine, and MDA, and decreased SOD. However, COS recovered the glycerol-induced inflammatory response, renal function factor, and antioxidant effect in kidney. COS had the antioxidant activity and the anti-inflammatory effect. And maybe that characteristics could help recover the glycerol-induced ARF.
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