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Li B, Lin F, Huang P, Guo W, Zheng Y. Development of nuclear SSR and chloroplast genome markers in diverse Liriodendron chinense germplasm based on low-coverage whole genome sequencing. Biol Res 2020; 53:21. [PMID: 32410692 PMCID: PMC7227249 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liriodendron chinense ranges widely in subtropical China and northern Vietnam; however, it inhabits several small, isolated populations and is now an endangered species due to its limited seed production. The objective of this study was to develop a set of nuclear SSR (simple sequence repeats) and multiple chloroplast genome markers for genetic studies in L. chinense and their characterization in diverse germplasm. Results We performed low-coverage whole genome sequencing of the L. chinense from four genotypes, assembled the chloroplast genome and identified nuclear SSR loci by searching in contigs for SSR motifs. Comparative analysis of the four chloroplast genomes of L. chinense revealed 45 SNPs, 17 indels, 49 polymorphic SSR loci, and five small inversions. Most chloroplast intraspecific polymorphisms were located in the interspaces of single-copy regions. In total, 6147 SSR markers were isolated from low-coverage whole genome sequences. The most common SSR motifs were dinucleotide (70.09%), followed by trinucleotide motifs (23.10%). The motif AG/TC (33.51%) was the most abundant, followed by TC/AG (25.53%). A set of 13 SSR primer combinations were tested for amplification and their ability to detect polymorphisms in a set of 109 L. chinense individuals, representing distinct varieties or germplasm. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28 with an average of 21 alleles. The expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.19 to 0.93 and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.11 to 0.79. Conclusions The genetic resources characterized and tested in this study provide a valuable tool to detect polymorphisms in L. chinense for future genetic studies and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. .,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
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American Civil War plant medicines inhibit growth, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7692. [PMID: 31118466 PMCID: PMC6531439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A shortage of conventional medicine during the American Civil War (1861–1865) spurred Confederate physicians to use preparations of native plants as medicines. In 1863, botanist Francis Porcher compiled a book of medicinal plants native to the southern United States, including plants used in Native American traditional medicine. In this study, we consulted Porcher’s book and collected samples from three species that were indicated for the formulation of antiseptics: Liriodendron tulipifera, Aralia spinosa, and Quercus alba. Extracts of these species were tested for the ability to inhibit growth in three species of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria associated with wound infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Extracts were also tested for biofilm and quorum sensing inhibition against S. aureus. Q. alba extracts inhibited growth in all three species of bacteria (IC50 64, 32, and 32 µg/mL, respectively), and inhibited biofilm formation (IC50 1 µg/mL) in S. aureus. L. tulipifera extracts inhibited biofilm formation (IC50 32 µg/mL) in S. aureus. A. spinosa extracts inhibited biofilm formation (IC50 2 µg/mL) and quorum sensing (IC50 8 µg/mL) in S. aureus. These results support that this selection of plants exhibited some antiseptic properties in the prevention and management of wound infections during the conflict.
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Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Relict Plant Liriodendron Populations Based on 29 Novel EST-SSR Markers. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surviving relict populations of species that were more widespread in ancient times can teach us a lot, such as evolution and genetic differentiation. One such relict plant is Liriodendron, of which populations remain in China (L. chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg.) and the USA (L. tulipifera L.). Studying the genetic structure of these populations would give insight into the genetic differentiation and the breeding strategy. In this work, we developed and characterized 29 novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from hybrid Liriodendron (Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera) callus. In total, 29 SSRs with perfect primer-designed were used to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. The set of polymorphic EST-SSR loci was identified in 48 Liriodendron individuals, represented by 35 individuals sampled from 14 provenances of L. chinense and 13 individuals sampled from 5 provenances of L. tulipifera. Our results indicated that L. chinense populations possess slightly higher genetic diversity than L. tulipifera populations. Based on genetic distances, 48 Liriodendron individuals clustered into three groups (the eastern China L. chinense, the western China L. chinense and L. tulipifera), although the STRUCTURE analysis of the Liriodendron populations revealed just two clear genetic clusters (L. chinense and L. tulipifera). Among these 29 novel markers, ESSR119 showed an obvious species-specific characteristic which can be very useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS). In general, all these EST-SSR markers may have agronomic potential and constitute a basis for future studies on the identification, innovation, and even preservation of Liriodendron germplasms.
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Jeong EJ, Kim NH, Heo JD, Lee KY, Rho JR, Kim YC, Sung SH. Antifibrotic compounds from Liriodendron tulipifera attenuating HSC-T6 proliferation and TNF-α production in RAW264.7 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:228-34. [PMID: 25747981 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation has been considered as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. The methanolic extract of Liriodendron tulipifera showed significant inhibitory activity against the proliferation of HSCs. Bioactivity-guided isolation afforded twelve compounds including (-)-sesamin (1), (-)-syringaresinol (2), (+)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (3), salvinal (4), (+)-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-dihydroconiferyl ether (5), (±)-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-sinapyl alcohol ether (6), tanegool (7), (+)-5,5'-dimethoxy-7-oxolariciresinol (8), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (9), 4-acetoxymethylphenol (10), (-)-paramicholide (11), and blumenol A (12). Among the compounds isolated, 2, 3 and 4 significantly attenuated the proliferation of the activated HSC-T6 cells. The maximal dose of these compounds, however, showed no cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Collagen deposition in the activated HSC-T6 cells was reduced by 2, 3 and 4. Also, the increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by lipopolysaccharide was decreased by 3 and 4 in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Collectively, (-)-syringaresinol (2), (+)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (3), and salvinal (4) isolated from L. tulipifera leaves and twigs exhibited selective antifibrotic activities toward the activated HSCs and suppressed TNF-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages. These compounds may be useful candidates for developing therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology
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FANG ZHENGHUAN, JUNG KYUNGHEE, YAN HONGHUA, KIM SOOJUNG, SON MIKWON, RUMMAN MARUFA, LEE HYUNSEUNG, KIM KIWOON, YOO HYEDONG, HONG SOONSUN. CD-200 induces apoptosis and inhibits Bcr-Abl signaling in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia with T315I mutation. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:253-61. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Forest biorefinery: Potential of poplar phytochemicals as value-added co-products. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:681-716. [PMID: 25733011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global forestry industry after experiencing a market downturn during the past decade has now aimed its vision towards the integrated biorefinery. New business models and strategies are constantly being explored to re-invent the global wood and pulp/paper industry through sustainable resource exploitation. The goal is to produce diversified, innovative and revenue generating product lines using on-site bioresources (wood and tree residues). The most popular product lines are generally produced from wood fibers (biofuels, pulp/paper, biomaterials, and bio/chemicals). However, the bark and other tree residues like foliage that constitute forest wastes, still remain largely an underexploited resource from which extractives and phytochemicals can be harnessed as by-products (biopharmaceuticals, food additives and nutraceuticals, biopesticides, cosmetics). Commercially, Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are cultivated as a fast growing bioenergy crop, but can also be utilized to produce bio-based chemicals. This review identifies and underlines the potential of natural products (phytochemicals) from Populus species that could lead to new business ventures in biorefineries and contribute to the bioeconomy. In brief, this review highlights the importance of by-products/co-products in forest industries, methods that can be employed to extract and purify poplar phytochemicals, the potential pharmaceutical and other uses of >160 phytochemicals identified from poplar species - their chemical structures, properties and bioactivities, the challenges and limitations of utilizing poplar phytochemicals, and potential commercial opportunities. Finally, the overall discussion and conclusion are made considering the recent biotechnological advances in phytochemical research to indicate the areas for future commercial applications from poplar tree species.
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Morphological and proteomic analysis reveal the role of pistil under pollination in Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99970. [PMID: 24924488 PMCID: PMC4055720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollination is an important physiological process during which interaction between pollen and pistil occurs. This interaction could determine whether or not fertilization will occur and hence the ratio of plant seed setting. Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. (L. chinense) exhibits a distinct phenomenon where seed setting ratio is not more than 10% in natural environment. To explore the origin of this phenomenon, we conducted a comparative morphological and proteomic analysis on L. chinense pistils upon pollination. The morphological analysis showed that pollen grows well in vitro, but much slower on pistil or nutrient medium containing pistil extract. Proteomic analysis showed that 493 proteins had changed the expression after pollination. Among them, 468 and 51 proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis respectively, and 26 proteins were common in the two methods. After proteins functional categorization, 66 differentially expressed proteins that are involved in reproduction process were found. Further analysis showed that among the reproductive process related proteins, protein disulfide-isomerase A6 and four embryo-defective proteins showed closer relations with the low seed setting phenomenon. The results indicated that the element from pistil might be the main reason leading to low seed setting in L. chinense, which will provide new insights in the mechanisms underlying L. chinense reproduction process.
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Antioxidant and anticancer constituents from the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera. Molecules 2014; 19:4234-45. [PMID: 24705566 PMCID: PMC6271038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds were extracted and purified from the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera. These compounds include aporphines, oxoaporphine, coumarin, sesquiterpene lactone, benzenoids, cyclitol and steroids. (+)-Norstephalagine (2) (an aporphine) and scopoletin (8) (a coumarin) were isolated from Liriodendron tulipifera leaves from the first time. The identified compounds were screened for their antiradical scavenging, metal chelating and ferric reducing power activities. The results have showed that these compounds have antioxidative activity. The study has also examined the chemopreventive property of the isolated compounds against human melanoma cells A375. The results shown that (−)-anonaine (1), (−)-liridinine (3), (+)-lirinidine (6), lysicamine (7) and epitulipinolide diepoxide (9) significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells. These results revealed that these compounds have antioxidative activity and chemopreventive activity in skin melanoma cells.
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Miller SL, Villanueva HE, Palazzo MC, Wright BS, Setzer WN. Seasonal Variation and Bioactivity in the Leaf Oil of Liriodendron tulipifera Growing in Huntsville, Alabama. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Liriodendron tulipifera has been analyzed by GC-MS. Two individual trees were sampled five times during the course of the growing season. Twenty components were identified in the leaf oils, which were dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, principally germacrene D and β-elemene, in the early part of the season (42-44% and 18-23%, respectively,) but monoterpene hydrocarbons, largely ( Z)-β-ocimene, dominated the later season leaf oils (40-60%). The leaf oils exhibited in-vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus as well as cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T human breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 USA
| | - Heather E. Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 USA
| | - Maria C. Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 USA
| | - Brenda S. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 USA
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 USA
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