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Berrocal M, Corbacho I, Gutierrez-Merino C, Mata AM. Methylene blue activates the PMCA activity and cross-interacts with amyloid β-peptide, blocking Aβ-mediated PMCA inhibition. Neuropharmacology 2018; 139:163-172. [PMID: 30003902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine methylene blue (MB) is attracting increasing attention because it seems to have beneficial effects in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among other factors, the presence of neuritic plaques of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates, neurofibrilar tangles of tau and perturbation of cytosolic Ca2+ are important players of the disease. It has been proposed that MB decreases the formation of neuritic plaques due to Aβ aggregation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is far from clear. In this work, we show that MB stimulates the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) in human tissues from AD-affected brain and age-matched controls and also from pig brain and cell cultures. In addition, MB prevents and even blocks the inhibitory effect of Aβ on PMCA activity. Functional analysis with mutants and fluorescence experiments strongly suggest that MB binds to PMCA, at the C-terminal tail, in a site located close to the last transmembrane helix and also that MB binds to the peptide. Besides, Aβ increases PMCA affinity for MB. These results point out a novel molecular basis of MB action on Aβ and PMCA as mediator of its beneficial effect on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Berrocal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura and Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain.
| | - Isaac Corbacho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura and Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain.
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura and Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain.
| | - Ana M Mata
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura and Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain.
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Bukovics P, Czeiter E, Amrein K, Kovacs N, Pal J, Tamas A, Bagoly T, Helyes Z, Buki A, Reglodi D. Changes of PACAP level in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Peptides 2014; 60:18-22. [PMID: 25017241 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PACAP has well-known neuroprotective potential including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its level is up-regulated following various insults of the CNS in animal models. A few studies have documented alterations of PACAP levels in human serum. The time course of post-ictal PACAP levels, for example, show correlation with migraine severity. Very little is known about the course of PACAP levels following CNS injury in humans and the presence of PACAP has not yet been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects with severe TBI (sTBI). The aim of the present study was to determine whether PACAP occurs in the CSF and plasma (Pl) of patients that suffered sTBI and to establish a time course of PACAP levels in the CSF and Pl. Thirty eight subjects with sTBI were enrolled with a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 on admission. Samples were taken daily, until the time of death or for maximum 10 days. Our results demonstrated that PACAP was detectable in the CSF, with higher concentrations in patients with TBI. PACAP concentrations markedly increased in both Pl and CSF in the majority of patients 24-48h after the injury stayed high thereafter. In cases of surviving patients, Pl and CSF levels displayed parallel patterns, which may imply the damage of the blood-brain barrier. However, in patients, who died within the first week, Pl levels were markedly higher than CSF levels, possibly indicating the prognostic value of high Pl PACAP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bukovics
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Lendulet PACAP Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | | | - Noemi Kovacs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Pal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamas
- MTA-PTE Lendulet PACAP Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Terez Bagoly
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- MTA-PTE Lendulet PACAP Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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de Andrade RB, Gemelli T, Rojas DB, Bonorino NF, Costa BML, Funchal C, Dutra-Filho CS, Wannmacher CMD. Creatine and Pyruvate Prevent the Alterations Caused by Tyrosine on Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Enzyme Activities of Phosphoryltransfer Network in Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1184-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tian C, Kim YH, Kim YC, Park KT, Kim SW, Kim YJ, Lim HJ, Choung YH. Korean red ginseng ameliorates acute 3-nitropropionic acid-induced cochlear damage in mice. Neurotoxicology 2012; 34:42-50. [PMID: 23164932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial toxin, has been reported to induce an acute cochlear damage. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is known to have protective effects from some types of hearing loss. This study aimed to observe the protective effect of KRG in an ototoxic animal model using 3-NP intratympanic injection. BALB/c mice were classified into 5 groups (n=15) and dose-dependent toxic effects after intratympanic injection with 3-NP (300-5000 mM) on the left ear were investigated to determine the appropriate toxicity level of 3-NP. For observation of the protective effects of KRG, 23 mice were grouped into 3-NP (500 mM, n=12) and KRG+3-NP groups (300 mg/kg KRG for 7 days before 500 mM 3-NP administration, n=11). Auditory brain response (ABR) and cochlear morphological evaluations were performed before and after drug administration. The ABR thresholds in the 800-5000 mM groups exceeded the maximum recording limit at 16 and 32 kHz 1 day after 3-NP administration. The ABR threshold in the 500 mM 3-NP+KRG group was significantly lower than that in the 500 mM 3-NP group from post 1 week to 1 month. The mean type II fibrocyte counts significantly differed between the control and 3-NP groups and between the 3-NP and 3-NP+KRG groups. Spiral ganglion cell degeneration in the 3-NP group was more severe than that in the 3-NP+KRG group. This animal model exhibited a dose-dependent hearing loss with histological changes. KRG administration ameliorated the deterioration of hearing by 3-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Andrade VS, Rojas DB, Oliveira L, Nunes ML, de Castro FL, Garcia C, Gemelli T, de Andrade RB, Wannmacher CMD. Creatine and pyruvate prevent behavioral and oxidative stress alterations caused by hypertryptophanemia in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:225-32. [PMID: 22081291 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the accumulation of tryptophan and its metabolites is related to brain damage associated with both hypertryptophanemia and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of tryptophan administration on various parameters of behavior in the open-field task and oxidative stress, and the effects of creatine and pyruvate, on the effect of tryptophan. Forty, 60-day-old male Wistar rats, were randomly divided into four groups: saline, tryptophan, pyruvate + creatine, tryptophan + pyruvate + creatine. Animals received three subcutaneous injections of tryptophan (2 μmol/g body weight each one at 3 h of intervals) and/or pyruvate (200 μg/g body weight 1 h before tryptophan), and/or creatine (400 μg/g body weight twice a day for 5 days before tryptophan twice a day for 5 days before training); controls received saline solution (NaCl 0.85%) at the same volumes (30 μl/g body weight) than the other substances. Results showed that tryptophan increased the activity of the animals, suggesting a reduction in the ability of habituation to the environment. Tryptophan induced increase of TBA-RS and total sulfhydryls. The effects of tryptophan in the open field, and in oxidative stress were fully prevented by the combination of creatine plus pyruvate. In case these findings also occur in humans affected by hypertryptophanemia or other neurodegenerative disease in which tryptophan accumulates, it is feasible that oxidative stress may be involved in the mechanisms leading to the brain injury, suggesting that creatine and pyruvate supplementation could benefit patients affected by these disorders.
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Kóvesdi E, Tamás A, Reglodi D, Farkas O, PáL J, Tóth G, Bukovics P, Dóczi T, Büki A. Posttraumatic administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in central fluid percussion injury in rats. Neurotox Res 2008; 13:71-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03033558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee YG, Byeon SE, Kim JY, Lee JY, Rhee MH, Hong S, Wu JC, Lee HS, Kim MJ, Cho DH, Cho JY. Immunomodulatory effect of Hibiscus cannabinus extract on macrophage functions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:62-71. [PMID: 17604925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Malvaceae) (known as Kenaf) has long been used as a folk medicine in India and Africa for the treatment of blood and throat disorders, bilious conditions, fever and puerperium. In this study, therefore, we aimed either to demonstrate its ethnopharmacological activity by examining its macrophage function-regulating effects or to expand its therapeutic efficacy into other macrophage-mediated diseases. The total crude extract (EtOH extract) of Hibiscus cannabinus fresh leaves, prepared with 80% ethanol, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha production and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-12 in the RAW264.7 cells, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.5 microg/ml). The secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e., nitric oxide [NO], reactive oxygen species [ROS] and prostaglandin E(2) [PGE(2)]) was diminished by the EtOH extract. The extract induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA, a potent cytoprotective molecule. The Kenaf extract suppressed both the phagocytic uptake and the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. It is interesting that Kenaf also down-regulated both the functional activation of beta1-integrin (CD29) and the LPS-induced up-regulation of the surface CD29 level. Taken together, these data suggest that Kenaf may be able to modulate macrophage-mediated responses and that some of the activities may contribute to expand its therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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Lee YG, Kim JY, Lee JY, Byeon SE, Hong EK, Lee J, Rhee MH, Park HJ, Cho JY. Regulatory effects of Codonopsis lanceolata on macrophage-mediated immune responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:180-8. [PMID: 17418512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata L. has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea, Japan and China for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases. In this study, therefore, we aimed to demonstrate its ethnopharmacological activity by examining macrophage-function regulating effects. The total methanol extracts of fresh leaves (l-TME) or roots (r-TME) of Codonopsis lanceolata L. significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) without altering mRNA levels. The expression of interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-6, however, was strongly diminished. According to the analysis of signaling enzyme activation by immunoblotting, phospho-IkappaB levels, a representative pro-inflammatory gene activation pathway, were not affected by the TMEs. By contrast, the Raf-ERK signaling pathway, which was involved in regulation of post-translational modification of pro-inflammatory gene products, was strongly blocked after 6-h of exposure. Moreover, l-TME down-regulated LPS-mediated phagocytic uptake and CD29-mediated cell-cell adhesion, while r-TME strongly up-regulated these two cellular events as well as fibronectin-cell adhesion. The surface levels of the costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) of RAW264.7 cells were also enhanced by these extracts. l-TME also diminished functional activation (assessed by NO production) and the surface level of dectin-1, but not toll-like receptor (TLR)-2. Taken together, these data suggest that Codonopsis lanceolata may have the ability to modulate macrophage-mediated immune responses, thus contributing to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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Kostrzewa RM, Segura-Aguilar J. Neurotoxicological and neuroprotective elements in Parkinson's disease. Neurotox Res 2002; 4:83-86. [PMID: 12829406 DOI: 10.1080/10298420290015890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
No abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Kostrzewa
- Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 70,577, Rm. 1-44, VA Bldg. #1 on Dogwood Lane, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-1708, U.S.A
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