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Yuan QS, Yang P, Wu AB, Zuo DY, He WJ, Guo MW, Huang T, Li HP, Liao YC. Variation in the Microbiome, Trichothecenes, and Aflatoxins in Stored Wheat Grains in Wuhan, China. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050171. [PMID: 29695035 PMCID: PMC5983228 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination by fungal and bacterial species and their metabolites can affect grain quality and health of wheat consumers. In this study, sequence analyses of conserved DNA regions of fungi and bacteria combined with determination of trichothecenes and aflatoxins revealed the microbiome and mycotoxins of wheat from different silo positions (top, middle, and bottom) and storage times (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). The fungal community in wheat on the first day of storage (T0) included 105 classified species (81 genera) and 41 unclassified species. Four species had over 10% of the relative abundance: Alternaria alternata (12%), Filobasidium floriforme (27%), Fusarium graminearum (12%), and Wallemia sebi (12%). Fungal diversity and relative abundance of Fusarium in wheat from top silo positions were significantly lower than at other silo positions during storage. Nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in wheat were 13–34% higher in all positions at 3 months compared to T0, and mycotoxins in wheat from middle and bottom positions at 6 to 12 months were 24–57% higher than at T0. The relative abundance of toxigenic Aspergillus and aflatoxins were low at T0 and during storage. This study provides information on implementation and design of fungus and mycotoxin management strategies as well as prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Yuan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ai-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Dong-Yun Zuo
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei-Jie He
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mao-Wei Guo
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Mohammadi A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Kachuei R, Gholami-Shabani M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Giberella fujikuroi species complex isolated from maize and wheat in Iran: distribution, molecular identification and fumonisin B1 in vitro biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1333-1340. [PMID: 25903322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination of food and agricultural crops by Fusarium species is a major concern of food spoilage and a potential public health hazard. In the present study, natural contamination of maize and wheat samples from main cultivation areas of Iran by Fusarium species belonging to the Giberella fujikuroi species complex was evaluated, with special attention to the ability of the isolates to produce fumonisin B1 (FB1 ). RESULTS A total of 55 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 27/32 maize samples (84.4%) and 11/15 wheat samples (73.3%). They were identified as F. verticillioides (47.3%), F. proliferatum (47.3%), F. fujikuroi (1.8%), F. nygamai (1.8%) and F. redolens (1.8%) by sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α). Twenty-two of 55 Fusarium isolates belonging to F. proliferatum (23.6%), F. verticillioides (14.5%) and F. fujikuroi (1.8%) produced FB1 in the concentration range 230.4-9565.0 µg mL(-1) . The dendrogram resulting from the TEF1-α profile showed that the genotypes were divided into clusters I, II and III, of which cluster III contained only F. redolens, its first report from Iran. CONCLUSION On the basis of in vitro FB1 biosynthesis of the analyzed strains, the high degree of contamination of maize and wheat with Fusarium strains reported here should be considered as a potential public health threat, because a meaningful number of the isolates were found to produce hazardous levels of carcinogenic FB1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Mohammadi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Group, Lorestan University, PO Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kachuei R, Khodavaisy S, Rezaie S, Sharifynia S. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical species belonging to Aspergillus genus and Rhizopus oryzae. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:17-21. [PMID: 26852191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among filamentous fungal pathogens, Aspergillus spp. and zygomycetes account for highest rates of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Recently developed antifungal drugs offer the potential to improve management and therapeutic outcomes of fungal infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus oryzae. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 54 isolates belonging to different clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and R. oryzae was tested for four antifungal agents using a microdilution reference method (CLSI, M38-A2). All isolates were identified by typical colony and microscopic characteristics, and also characterized by molecular methods. RESULTS Caspofungin (MEC range: 0.008-0.25 and MEC50: 0.0023μg/mL) was the most active drug in vitro against Aspergillus spp., followed by voriconazole (MIC range: 0.031-8 and MIC50: 0.5μg/mL), itraconazole (MIC range: 0.031-16 and MIC50: 0.25μg/mL), and amphotericin B (MIC range: 0.125-4 and MIC50: 0.5μg/mL), in order of decreasing activity. The caspofungin, voriconazole, and itraconazole demonstrated poor in vitro activity against R. oryzae isolates evaluated, followed by amphotericin B. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that caspofungin had good antifungal activity and azole agents had better activity than amphotericin B against Aspergillus species. Although, azole drugs are considered ineffective against R. oryzae. This result is just from a small scale in vitro susceptibility study and we did not take other factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Khodavaisy
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Rezaie
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Sharifynia
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yli-Mattila T, Rämö S, Hietaniemi V, Hussien T, Carlobos-Lopez AL, Cumagun CJR. Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe. Microorganisms 2013; 1:162-174. [PMID: 27694770 PMCID: PMC5029496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms1010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species produce important mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2-toxins in cereals. The highest DON and T-2/HT-2 toxin levels in northern Europe have been found in oats. About 12%-24% of Finnish oat samples in 2012 contained >1.75 mg·kg-1 of DON, which belongs to type B trichothecenes. Fusarium graminearum is the most important DON producer in northern Europe and Asia and it has been displacing the closely related F. culmorum in northern Europe. The 3ADON chemotype of F. graminearum is dominant in most northern areas, while the 15ADON chemotype of F. graminearum is predominating in Central and southern Europe. We suggest that the northern population of F. graminearum may be more specialized to oats than the southern population. Only low levels of F. culmorum DNA were found in a few oat samples and no correlation was found between F. culmorum DNA and DON levels. DNA levels of F. graminearum were in all cases in agreement with DON levels in 2011 and 2012, when DON was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). When the RIDA®QUICK SCAN kit results (DON) were compared to DNA levels of F. graminearum, the variation was much higher. The homogenization of the oats flour by grinding oats with 1 mm sieve seems to be connected to this variation. There was a significant correlation between the combined T-2 and HT-2 and the combined DNA levels of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides in Finland in 2010-2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sari Rämö
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | | | - Taha Hussien
- Mycotoxins Lab, Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Ana Liza Carlobos-Lopez
- Crop Protection Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4030, Philippines.
| | - Christian Joseph R Cumagun
- Crop Protection Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4030, Philippines.
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Mycoflora of Fungal Contamination in Wheat Storage (Silos) in Golestan Province, North of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Javed S, Shoaib A, Mahmood Z, Mushtaq S, Iftikhar S. Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1732-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.607451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Javed
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab , Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore – 54590 , Pakistan
| | - A. Shoaib
- b Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore – 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Z. Mahmood
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab , Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore – 54590 , Pakistan
| | - S. Mushtaq
- b Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore – 54590 , Pakistan
| | - S. Iftikhar
- b Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore – 54590 , Pakistan
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Bioremoval of an azo textile dye, Reactive Red 198, by Aspergillus flavus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1125-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yli-Mattila T, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K, Proctor RH, Burkin AA, Kononenko GP, Gavrilova OP, Aoki T, McCormick SP, Gagkaeva TY. Fusarium sibiricum sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene-producing Fusarium from northern Asia closely related to F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:58-68. [PMID: 21459470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Production of type A trichothecenes has been reported in the closely related species Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Here, we characterized a collection of Fusarium isolates from Siberia and the Russian Far East (hereafter Asian isolates) that produce high levels of the type A trichothecene T-2 toxin and are similar in morphology to the type A trichothecene-producing F. langsethiae, and to F. poae which often produces the type B trichothecene nivalenol. The Asian isolates possess unique macroscopic and microscopic characters and have a unique TG repeat in the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS rDNA) region. In Asian isolates, the TRI1-TRI16 locus, which determines type A versus type B trichothecene production in other species, is more similar in organization and sequence to the TRI1-TRI16 locus in F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae than to that in F. poae. Phylogenetic analysis of the TRI1 and TRI16 gene coding regions indicates that the genes in the Asian isolates are more closely related to those of F. sporotrichioides than F. langsethiae. Phylogenetic analysis of the beta-tubulin, translation elongation factor, RNA polymerase II and phosphate permease gene sequences resolved the Asian isolates into a well-supported sister lineage to F. sporotrichioides, with F. langsethiae forming a sister lineage to F. sporotrichioides and the Asian isolates. The Asian isolates are conspecific with Norwegian isolate IBT 9959 based on morphological and molecular analyses. In addition, the European F. langsethiae isolates from Finland and Russia were resolved into two distinct subgroups based on analyses of translation elongation factor and IGS rDNA sequences. Nucleotide polymorphisms within the IGS rDNA were used to design PCR primers that successfully differentiated the Asian isolates from F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. Based on these data, we formally propose that the Asian isolates together with Norwegian isolate IBT 9959 comprise a novel phylogenetic species, F. sibiricum, while the two subgroups of F. langsethiae only represent intraspecific groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Chehri K, Jahromi ST, Reddy KRN, Abbasi S, Salleh B. Occurrence of Fusarium spp. and fumonisins in stored wheat grains marketed in Iran. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2816-23. [PMID: 22069576 PMCID: PMC3153182 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat grains are well known to be invaded by Fusarium spp. under field and storage conditions and contaminated with fumonisins. Therefore, determining Fusarium spp. and fumonisins in wheat grains is of prime importance to develop suitable management strategies and to minimize risk. Eighty-two stored wheat samples produced in Iran were collected from various supermarkets and tested for the presence of Fusarium spp. by agar plate assay and fumonisins by HPLC. A total of 386 Fusarium strains were isolated and identified through morphological characteristics. All these strains belonged to F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F.verticillioides. Of the Fusarium species, F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and then F. culmorum. Natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) could be detected in 56 (68.2%) samples ranging from 15-155 μg/kg, fumonisin B2 (FB2) in 35 (42.6%) samples ranging from 12-86 μg/kg and fumonisin B3 (FB3) in 26 (31.7%) samples ranging from 13-64 μg/kg. The highest FB1 levels were detected in samples from Eilam (up to 155 μg/kg) and FB2 and FB3 in samples from Gilan Gharb (up to 86 μg/kg and 64 μg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Chehri
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;
| | | | - Kasa R. N. Reddy
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Saeed Abbasi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Baharuddin Salleh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;
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