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de Menezes Dantas D, Pereira-de Morais L, de Alencar Silva A, da Silva RER, Dias FJ, de Sousa Amorim T, Cruz-Martins N, Melo Coutinho HDD, Barbosa R. Pharmacological screening of species from the Lippia genus, content in terpenes and phenylpropanoids, and their vasorelaxing effects on human umbilical artery. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 29:CPD-EPUB-127785. [PMID: 36424792 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221124101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring bioactive compounds have a plethora of biological effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined a pharmacological screening of natural products on the human umbilical artery (HUA). METHODS HUA preparations were used to follow contractions by KCl (60 mM) and tested at different concentrations (1-5000 μg/mL and μM) of the Lippia alba (EOLa) and Lippia origanoides (EOLo) essential oils, terpenes (citral, limonene perilic alcohol) and phenylpropanoids (eugenol, methyl eugenol). Discussion/Results: The reduction corresponded to approximately 100%, except for limonene (80±1.2 %). When evaluating the concentration of the natural product that promotes 50 % relaxation of the HUA contracted by KCL, EC50 values were: 424.3 μg/mL (EOLa); 468.7±6.7 μg/mL (EOLo); 264.2 ± 8.2 μM (citral); 677.8±5.4 μM (limonene); 186.3±6.4 μM (peryl alcohol); 986.4±7.9 μM (eugenol); and 279.1±4.4 μM (methyl-eugenol). Perillyl alcohol had a lower EC50 (consequently it has a higher pharmacological potency). CONCLUSION The plant extracts have a promising vasorelaxing effect in HUAs, paving the way for future investigations: as applications in diseases related to these vessels, such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora de Menezes Dantas
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Luis Pereira-de Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Thais de Sousa Amorim
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, 63105, CE, Brazil
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Douglas Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Borges AS, Bastos CMS, Dantas DM, Milfont CGB, Brito GMH, Pereira-de-Morais L, Delmondes GA, da Silva RER, Kennedy-Feitosa E, Maia FPA, Lima CMG, Bin Emran T, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA, Kerntopf MR, Caruso G, Barbosa R. Effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown Essential Oil on the Human Umbilical Artery. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3002. [PMID: 36365458 PMCID: PMC9659075 DOI: 10.3390/plants11213002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lippia alba is popularly known as lemon balm, with its essential oil (EO) cited for displaying antimicrobial, sedative, and vasorelaxant effects. Yet, its action on isolated human vessels has not been described in the literature. Thus, we evaluated the vasorelaxant effect of essential oil of L. alba (EOLa) on human umbilical arteries (HUA) isolated in organ baths. HUA rings were isolated, subjected to contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl), serotonin (5-HT), or histamine (HIST) to record the isometric tension, and then treated with EOLa (30-1000 µg/mL). The EOLa showed a more prominent inhibitory effect on the pharmacomechanical coupling contraction via HIST with an EC50 value of 277.1 ± 8.5 µg/mL and maximum relaxant effect at 600 µg/mL. The addition of tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in HUA preparations did not inhibit EOLa total relaxant effect at 1000 µg/mL. In the presence of gliblenclamide (GLI), the oil relaxed the HUA rings by 90.8% at maximum concentration. The EOLa was also investigated for its effects on voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), where the HUA preincubation with this oil at 1000 μg/mL inhibited BaCl2 (0.1-30 mM)-induced contractions. This study demonstrates for the first time that EOla has a vasorelaxant effect on HUA and its particular blockade of VOCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Borges
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla M. S. Bastos
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Debora M. Dantas
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícera G. B. Milfont
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. H. Brito
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gyllyandeson A. Delmondes
- Nursing Collegiate, Petrolina Campus, Federal University of The San Francisco Vale, Petrolina 56304-205, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Renata E. R. da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Kennedy-Feitosa
- Health Science Department, Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró 59625-900, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Clara M. G. Lima
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Henrique Douglas M. Coutinho
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose A. Menezes
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marta R. Kerntopf
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
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Dantas DDM, Silva ADA, Pereira-de-Morais L, Bastos CMDS, Calixto GL, Kerntopf MR, Menezes IRAD, Weinreich D, Barbosa R. Characterization of the vasodilator effect of eugenol in isolated human umbilical cord arteries. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva R, de Alencar Silva A, Pereira-de-Morais L, de Sousa Almeida N, Iriti M, Kerntopf MR, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa R. Relaxant Effect of Monoterpene (-)-Carveol on Isolated Human Umbilical Cord Arteries and the Involvement of Ion Channels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112681. [PMID: 32527034 PMCID: PMC7321233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carveol is a monoterpene present in the structure of many plant products. It has a variety of biological activities: antioxidant, anticancer and vasorelaxation. However, studies investigating the effect of monoterpenoids on human vessels have not yet been described. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the effect of (−)-carveol on human umbilical arteries (HUAs). HUA ring preparations were isolated and subjected to isometric tension recordings of umbilical artery smooth muscle contractions. (−)-Carveol exhibited a significant vasorelaxant effect on KCl and 5-HT-induced contractions, obtaining EC50 values of 344.25 ± 8.4 and 175.82 ± 4.05 µM, respectively. The participation of calcium channels in the relaxation produced by (−)-carveol was analyzed using vessels pre-incubated with (−)-carveol (2000 µM) in a calcium-free medium, where the induction of contractions was abolished. The vasorelaxant effect of (−)-carveol on HUAs was reduced by tetraethylammonium (TEA), which increased the (−)-carveol EC50 to 484.87 ± 6.55 µM. The present study revealed that (−)-carveol possesses a vasorelaxant activity in HUAs, which was dependent on the opening of calcium and potassium channels. These results pave the way for further studies involving the use of monoterpenoids for the vasodilatation of HUAs. These molecules have the potential to treat diseases such as pre-eclampsia, which is characterized by resistance in umbilical arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- PhD student Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences State University of Ceará–UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- PhD student in Biotechnology by the Northeastern Biotechnology Network - RENORBIO, State University of Ceará-UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Nayane de Sousa Almeida
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-250316766
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
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Zhang M, Wu Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Tausif R, Yang Y. Genistein rescues hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension through estrogen receptor and β-adrenoceptor signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Human development: from conception to maturity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this review was to describe and emphasize the care that a woman must have in the period prior to pregnancy, as well as throughout pregnancy and after the birth of the baby, cares and duties that should continue to be followed by mother and child throughout the first years of the child’s life. Such cares are of nutritional, behavioral and lifestyle natures, and also involve the father and the whole family. Human development, from conception to maturity, consists of a critical and important period due to the multitude of intrinsic genetic and environmental factors that influence, positively or negatively, the person's entire life. The human being, who originated and passed his/her first phase of development in the womb, receives influence from different factors: a) of parental origin (father and mother), including health and lifestyle of the father and mother, genetic inheritance, nutrition of the mother prior to and during pregnancy; b) events that affected the mother and hence the child under development in intrauterine life, at birth (delivery), during perinatal period, and throughout the early years of life. The fragility of development continues throughout the preschool, school and adolescent periods during which proper nutrition with a balanced lifestyle is essential and depends on guidance from the parents, caregivers and teachers.
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Habauzit V, Verny MA, Milenkovic D, Barber-Chamoux N, Mazur A, Dubray C, Morand C. Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:66-74. [PMID: 26016866 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of citrus fruits is associated with health benefits. However, clinical data regarding the effects of grapefruit flavanone consumption on vascular function are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to address the role of flavanones in the long-term effects induced by grapefruit juice (GFJ) consumption on vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN Forty-eight healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-65 y within 3-10 y since menopause, a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 19-30, and a waist size >88 cm completed this double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial. These volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 340 mL GFJ/d, providing 210 mg naringenin glycosides, or a matched control drink without flavanones for 6 mo each, with a 2-mo washout between beverages. The primary endpoint was the assessment of endothelial function in the brachial artery by using flow-mediated dilation. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in the peripheral arterial bed were also evaluated as indicators of vascular function. These measurements and blood collection for clinical biochemical markers were performed in overnight-fasted subjects before and after the 6-mo treatment periods. RESULTS The mean ± SD carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, which reflects central aortic stiffness, was statistically significantly lower after consumption of GFJ (7.36 ± 1.15 m/s) than after consumption of the matched control drink without flavanones (7.70 ± 1.36 m/s), with a P value of 0.019 for the treatment effect. Endothelial function in macro- and microcirculation, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, glucose metabolism, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Regular GFJ consumption by middle-aged, healthy postmenopausal women is beneficial for arterial stiffness. This effect may be related to flavanones present in grapefruit. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01272167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Habauzit
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC 501, UMR 766, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Marie-Anne Verny
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barber-Chamoux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Cardiology, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Dubray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC 501, UMR 766, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Christine Morand
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1019, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Vasodilator compounds derived from plants and their mechanisms of action. Molecules 2013; 18:5814-57. [PMID: 23685938 PMCID: PMC6270466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reviews vasodilator compounds isolated from plants that were reported in the past 22 years (1990 to 2012) and the different mechanisms of action involved in their vasodilator effects. The search for reports was conducted in a comprehensive manner, intending to encompass those metabolites with a vasodilator effect whose mechanism of action involved both vascular endothelium and arterial smooth muscle. The results obtained from our bibliographic search showed that over half of the isolated compounds have a mechanism of action involving the endothelium. Most of these bioactive metabolites cause vasodilation either by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway or by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, it was found that many compounds induced vasodilation by more than one mechanism. This review confirms that secondary metabolites, which include a significant group of compounds with extensive chemical diversity, are a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals useful for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Gencel VB, Benjamin MM, Bahou SN, Khalil RA. Vascular effects of phytoestrogens and alternative menopausal hormone therapy in cardiovascular disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:149-74. [PMID: 22070687 DOI: 10.2174/138955712798995020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogenic compounds of plant origin classified into different groups including isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and stilbenes. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are the most studied and most potent phytoestrogens, and are found mainly in soy based foods. The effects of phytoestrogens are partly mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs): ERα, ERβ and possibly GPER. The interaction of phytoestrogens with ERs is thought to induce both genomic and non-genomic effects in many tissues including the vasculature. Some phytoestrogens such as genistein have additional non-ER-mediated effects involving signaling pathways such as tyrosine kinase. Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and extracellular matrix. Phytoestrogens may also affect other pathophysiologic vascular processes such as lipid profile, angiogenesis, inflammation, tissue damage by reactive oxygen species, and these effects could delay the progression of atherosclerosis. As recent clinical trials showed no vascular benefits or even increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV events with conventional menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), phytoestrogens are being considered as alternatives to pharmacologic MHT. Epidemiological studies in the Far East population suggest that dietary intake of phytoestrogens may contribute to the decreased incidence of postmenopausal CVD and thromboembolic events. Also, the WHO-CARDIAC study supported that consumption of high soybean diet is associated with lower mortalities from coronary artery disease. However, as with estrogen, there has been some discrepancy between the experimental studies demonstrating the vascular benefits of phytoestrogens and the data from clinical trials. This is likely because the phytoestrogens clinical trials have been limited in many aspects including the number of participants enrolled, the clinical end points investigated, and the lack of long-term follow-up. Further investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of phytoestrogens and careful evaluation of the epidemiological evidence and clinical trials of their potential vascular benefits would put forward the use of phytoestrogens as an alternative MHT for the relief of menopausal symptoms and amelioration of postmenopausal CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Gencel
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bonacasa B, Siow RCM, Mann GE. Impact of dietary soy isoflavones in pregnancy on fetal programming of endothelial function in offspring. Microcirculation 2011; 18:270-85. [PMID: 21418378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that soy-based diets containing phytoestrogens (isoflavones) afford protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, supplementation trials have largely reported only marginal health benefits. The molecular mechanisms by which the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and equol afford protection against oxidative stress remain to be investigated in large scale clinical trials. Isoflavones are transferred across the placenta in both rodents and humans, yet there is limited information on their actions in pregnancy and the developmental origins of disease. Our studies established that feeding a soy isoflavone-rich diet during pregnancy, weaning, and postweaning affords cardiovascular protection in aged male rats. Notably, rats exposed to a soy isoflavone-deficient diet throughout pregnancy and adult life exhibited increased oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant enzyme and eNOS levels, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure in vivo. The beneficial effects of refeeding isoflavones to isoflavone-deficient rats include an increased production of nitric oxide and EDHF, an upregulation of antioxidant defense enzymes and lowering of blood pressure in vivo. This review focuses on the role that isoflavones in the fetal circulation may play during fetal development in affording protection against CVD in the offspring via their ability to activate eNOS, EDHF, and redox-sensitive gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bonacasa
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Speroni F, Milesi V, Añón MC. Interactions between isoflavones and soybean proteins: Applications in soybean-protein–isolate production. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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