1
|
Asante EO, Chen Y, Eldholm RS, Høvik H, Kolberg M, Skjellegrind HK, Torabi-Gaarden R, Mai XM, Sun YQ. Associations of Serum Vitamin D With Dental Caries and Periodontitis: The HUNT Study. Int Dent J 2024; 74:500-509. [PMID: 38565436 PMCID: PMC11123562 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationships of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with dental caries and periodontitis in a general Norwegian adult population. METHODS We analysed a subsample of 1605 participants from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway that had serum 25(OH)D levels measured in HUNT3 (2006-08) and oral health assessed in the HUNT4 Oral Health Study (2017-19). Negative binomial and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the ratios of means (RMs; for count oral outcomes) and prevalence ratios (PRs; for dichotomous oral outcomes). RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the number of decayed teeth in a dose-response gradient (<30.0 nmol/L: RM 1.41, 95% CI 1.07-1.85; 30.0-49.9 nmol/L: 1.14, 0.98-1.32 and ≥75.0 nmol/L: 0.84, 0.67-1.04, as compared to the 50.0-74.9 nmol/L group, P for trend <.001). Each 25 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D level was associated with a 15% (RM 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) increase in the mean number of decayed teeth. Serum 25(OH)D <30.0 nmol/L was associated with a 35% higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (PR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00-1.83). No association was observed between 25(OH)D and the number of natural teeth. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that serum 25(OH)D level had an inverse and dose-response association with the number of decayed teeth, and serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L was associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis in this Norwegian adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Obeng Asante
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hedda Høvik
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Kolberg
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Roya Torabi-Gaarden
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yi-Qian Sun
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das DS, Saharia GK, Panigrahi MK, Sahoo D. Association of vitamin D and functional dyspepsia: a case-control study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4667-4673. [PMID: 37811112 PMCID: PMC10553082 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D plays a key role in responses of brain-gut axis. It has been suggested that functional dyspepsia (FD) may be associated with decreased levels of vitamin D. Hence this study wished to find the association between vitamin D in patients with FD. Materials and methods This case-control study was done at a tertiary care hospital with 150 cases and 150 controls. FD was diagnosed by the ROME IV criteria. Demographic profile and serum vitamin D levels including Perceived Stress Score (PSS) and salivary amylase were determined for both cases and controls. Results Majority of the FD cases were males (57.3%). Post-prandial distress syndrome represented the major type of FD cases (69.3%). A higher mean BMI was found among the control group (23.2 vs. 21.2, P<0.05) and higher percentage of obese individuals in the control group (42.7% vs. 29.3%, P= 0.05). Majority of the cases are from rural background (89.3% vs. 74%, P<0.001). Comparison of PSS showed that cases had significantly higher grades of PSS than control (P<0.001). However, no significant association was found in the levels of salivary amylase between the groups (P=0.728). Hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) was found significantly more among cases than controls (73.3% vs. 60%; P<0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.833 (CI 95%= 1.126-2.985). After adjustment of age, place of residence and BMI, vitamin D levels were significantly associated with FD in the regression analysis. Conclusion This study shows significant association of vitamin D deficiency in FD patients. It also opens up new avenues for further research into the role of vitamin D supplementation to further improve the management of such cases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jones AW, Mironas A, Mur LAJ, Beckmann M, Thatcher R, Davison G. Vitamin D status modulates innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles following acute prolonged cycling. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2977-2990. [PMID: 37458775 PMCID: PMC10468936 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced immune dysfunction remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D status (circulating 25(OH)D) on innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles to prolonged exercise. METHODS Twenty three healthy, recreationally active males (age 25 ± 7 years; maximal oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]max] 56 ± 9 mL·kg-1·min-1), classified as being deficient (n = 7) or non-deficient n = 16) according to plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, completed 2.5 h of cycling at 15% Δ (~ 55-60% [Formula: see text]max). Venous blood and unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before and after exercise. RESULTS Participants with deficient plasma 25(OH)D on average had lower total lymphocyte count (mean difference [95% confidence interval], 0.5 cells × 109 L [0.1, 0.9]), p = 0.013) and greater neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (1.3 cells × 109 L, [0.1, 2.5], p = 0.033). The deficient group experienced reductions from pre-exercise to 1 h post-exercise (- 43% [- 70, - 15], p = 0.003) in bacterial stimulated elastase in blood neutrophils compared to non-deficient participants (1% [- 20, 21], p = 1.000) Multivariate analyses of plasma metabolomic profiles showed a clear separation of participants according to vitamin D status. Prominent sources of variation between groups were purine/pyrimidine catabolites, inflammatory markers (linoleic acid pathway), lactate and tyrosine/adrenaline. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of the influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced changes in parameters of innate immune defence and metabolomic signatures such as markers of inflammation and metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwel W Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adrian Mironas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Glen Davison
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hajipoor S, Hekmatdoost A, Pasdar Y, Mohammadi R, Alipour M, Rezaie M, Nachvak SM, Balthazar CF, Sobhiyeh MR, Mortazavian AM, Cruz AG. Consumption of probiotic yogurt and vitamin D‐fortified yogurt increases fasting level of GLP‐1 in obese adults undergoing low‐calorie diet: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3259-3271. [PMID: 36249978 PMCID: PMC9548356 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy restriction and manipulation of macronutrient composition of the diet are the main approaches that are used by people who aim to lose weight. When such strategies are employed, appetite and endocrine regulators of satiety, such as gut peptides, all are deeply affected. The gut microbiota–brain axis controls energy homeostasis in humans by affecting central satiety and gut peptides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the synergistic effect of probiotics and vitamin D in yogurt matrix can modulate this effect. In the double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 140 obese adults were randomly allocated into four groups: 1) regular yogurt plus low‐calorie diet; 2) PY plus low‐calorie diet; 3) vitamin D‐fortified yogurt plus low‐calorie diet, and 4) probiotic and vitamin D co‐fortified yogurt plus low‐calorie diet. All groups were encouraged to increase their physical activity. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), peptide Tyrosin‐Tysrosin (PYY), ghrelin, anthropometric variables, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance/sensitivity, 1,25(OH)2 D3, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured before and after 10 weeks. The difference between groups for GLP‐1 after 10 weeks was significant after adjusting for baseline GLP‐1 and protein intake as confounders. PY showed the largest effect size (ES) on GLP‐1 (p = 14.2) and FBS (p = 14) compared with others. Pairwise comparison of yogurts effect sizes on GLP‐1 showed a significant difference in group 1 vs. group 2 (p = .001), group 1 vs. group 3 (p = .003), and group 1 vs. group 4 (p = .048). Vitamin D‐fortified yogurt had the largest effect size on the serum level of vitamin D and it showed a significant difference with RY (p = .018) and PY (p = .002). Consumption of vitamin D‐fortified yogurt and PY could be regarded as a promising approach during calorie restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Hajipoor
- Student Research Committee Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Beheshti University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Department of Nutrition Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences Shoushtar Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaie
- Research Centre for Environmental Determinacies of HealthHealth InstituteSchool of Public HealthKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Celso Fasura Balthazar
- Department of Food Technology Veterinary CollegeFederal Fluminense University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon Department of Surgery Imam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical Science Kermanshah Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Mortazavian
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteFaculty of Nutrition SciencesFood Science and TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Adriano G. Cruz
- Instituto Federal de EducaçãoCiência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ)Departamento de Alimentos Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Christakos S. Vitamin D: A Critical Regulator of Intestinal Physiology. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10554. [PMID: 34950825 PMCID: PMC8674771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is required for the functioning of numerous biological processes and is essential for skeletal health. The major source of new calcium is from the diet. The central role of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase the absorption of ingested calcium from the intestine. The critical importance of vitamin D in this process is noted in the causal link between vitamin D deficiency and rickets, as well as in studies using genetically modified mice including mice deficient in the vitamin D receptor (Vdr null mice) or in the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐ hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that converts 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (Cyp27b1 null mice). When these mice are fed diets with high calcium and lactose, rickets is prevented. The studies using mouse models provide supporting evidence indicating that the major physiological function of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR is intestinal calcium absorption. This review summarizes what is known about mechanisms involved in vitamin D‐regulated intestinal calcium absorption. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D does not affect a single entity, but that a complex network of calcium‐regulating components is involved in the process of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated active intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, numerous 1,25(OH)2D3 actions in the intestine have been described independent of calcium absorption. Although the translatability to humans requires further definition, an overview is presented that provides compelling evidence from the laboratory of 1,25(OH)2D3 intestinal effects, which include the regulation of adhesion molecules to enhance barrier function, the regulation of intestinal stem cell function, cellular homeostasis of other divalent cations, the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, and anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali II, Shah I, Marzouk S, Karam SM, Al Menhali A. Vitamin D Is Necessary for Murine Gastric Epithelial Homeostasis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080705. [PMID: 34439938 PMCID: PMC8389223 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other organs, the importance of VD in a normal stomach is unknown. This study focuses on understanding the physiological role of vitamin D in gastric epithelial homeostasis. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups that were either fed a standard diet and kept in normal light/dark cycles (SDL), fed a standard diet but kept in the dark (SDD) or fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and kept in the dark (VDD). After 3 months, sera were collected to measure vitamin D levels by LC-MS/MS, gastric tissues were collected for immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses and gastric contents were collected to measure acid levels. The VDD group showed a significant decrease in the acid-secreting parietal cell-specific genes Atp4a and Atp4b when compared with the controls. This reduction was associated with an increased expression of an antral gastrin hormone. VDD gastric tissues also showed a high proliferation rate compared with SDL and SDD using an anti-BrdU antibody. This study indicates the requirement for normal vitamin D levels for proper parietal cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Ismail Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sayed Marzouk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (I.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-6380
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, De La Cruz J, Hutchens S, Mukhopadhyay S, Criss ZK, Aita R, Pellon-Cardenas O, Hur J, Soteropoulos P, Husain S, Dhawan P, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G, Fleet JC, Shroyer NF, Verzi MP, Christakos S. Analysis of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Genomic Action Reveals Calcium-Regulating and Calcium-Independent Effects in Mouse Intestine and Human Enteroids. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 41:e00372-20. [PMID: 33139494 PMCID: PMC7849401 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00372-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D is critical for the function of the intestine, most studies have focused on the duodenum. We show that transgenic expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) only in the distal intestine of VDR null mice (KO/TG mice) results in the normalization of serum calcium and rescue of rickets. Although it had been suggested that calcium transport in the distal intestine involves a paracellular process, we found that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-activated genes in the proximal intestine associated with active calcium transport (Trpv6, S100g, and Atp2b1) are also induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the distal intestine of KO/TG mice. In addition, Slc30a10, encoding a manganese efflux transporter, was one of the genes most induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in both proximal and distal intestine. Both villus and crypt were found to express Vdr and VDR target genes. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis of human enteroids indicated that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 observed in mice are conserved in humans. Using Slc30a10-/- mice, a loss of cortical bone and a marked decrease in S100g and Trpv6 in the intestine was observed. Our findings suggest an interrelationship between vitamin D and intestinal Mn efflux and indicate the importance of distal intestinal segments to vitamin D action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica De La Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary K Criss
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seema Husain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
DeSantis KA, Robilotto SL, Matson M, Kotb NM, Lapierre CM, Minhas Z, Leder AA, Abdul K, Facteau EM, Welsh J. VDR in salivary gland homeostasis and cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105600. [PMID: 31958633 PMCID: PMC7166159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligand 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D) impact differentiation and exert anti-tumor effects in many tissues, but its role in salivary gland has yet to be defined. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we have detected strong VDR expression in murine and human salivary gland ducts. Compared to normal gland, VDR protein expression was retained in differentiated human pleomorphic adenoma (PA) but was undetectable in undifferentiated PA and in carcinomas, suggesting deregulation of VDR during salivary cancer progression. To gain insight into the potential role of VDR in salivary cancer, we assessed the effects of vitamin D in vivo and in vitro. Despite the presence of VDR in salivary gland, chronic dietary vitamin D restriction did not alter morphology of the salivary epithelium in C57/Bl6 mice. The localization of VDR in ductal epithelium prompted us to examine the effects of 1,25D in an established cell line (mSGc) derived from normal murine submandibular gland (SMG). This previously characterized cell line consists of multiple stem, progenitor and differentiated cell types as determined by mutually exclusive cellular expression of basal, ductal and myoepithelial markers. We demonstrated VDR expression and regulation of VDR target genes Vdr and Postn by 1,25D in mSGc, indicating functional ligand-mediated transcriptional activity. The effect of VDR signaling on epithelial differentiation markers was assessed by qPCR and IHC in mSGc cells treated with 1,25D. We found that 1,25D reduced mRNA expression of the basal cell progenitor marker keratin 5 (K5) and increased expression of the differentiated ductal cell marker keratin 7 (K7). Further, we found that 1,25D significantly decreased the number of proliferating cells, including proliferating K5+ cells. Characterization of cell cycle by Muse cytometry indicated 1,25D treatment decreased cells in S, G2, and M phase. The inhibition of K5+ cell proliferation by 1,25D is of particular interest because K5+ basal cells contribute to a wide variety of salivary tumor types. Our studies suggest that 1,25D alters cancer-relevant progenitor and differentiation markers in the salivary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara A DeSantis
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Samantha L Robilotto
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Mark Matson
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Noor M Kotb
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Cathryn M Lapierre
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Zenab Minhas
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Alana A Leder
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Khushbakht Abdul
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Emily M Facteau
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Narrative Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor: With Current Evidence on the Gastric Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153832. [PMID: 31387330 PMCID: PMC6695859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a major steroid hormone that is gaining attention as a therapeutic molecule. Due to the general awareness of its importance for the overall well-being, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is now recognized as a major health issue. The main reason for VDD is minimal exposure to sunlight. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the steroid hormone receptors that induces a cascade of cell signaling to maintain healthy Ca2+ levels that serve to regulate several biological functions. However, the roles of vitamin D and its metabolism in maintaining gastric homeostasis have not yet been completely elucidated. Currently, there is a need to increase the vitamin D status in individuals worldwide as it has been shown to improve musculoskeletal health and reduce the risk of chronic illnesses, including some cancers, autoimmune and infectious diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurocognitive disorders, and general mortality. The role of vitamin D in gastric homeostasis is crucial and unexplored. This review attempts to elucidate the central role of vitamin D in preserving and maintaining the overall health and homeostasis of the stomach tissue.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaime F, Riutort MC, Alvarez-Lobos M, Hoyos-Bachiloglu R, Camargo CA, Borzutzky A. Solar radiation is inversely associated with inflammatory bowel disease admissions. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:730-737. [PMID: 28362210 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1307444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between latitude and solar radiation with inflammatory bowel disease admission rates in Chile, the country with the largest variation in solar radiation in the world. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is an ecological study, which included data on all hospital-admitted population for inflammatory bowel disease between 2001 and 2012, according to different latitudes and solar radiation exposures in Chile. The data were acquired from the national hospital discharge database from the Department of Health Statistics and Information of the Chilean Ministry of Health. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2012 there were 12,869 admissions due to inflammatory bowel disease (69% ulcerative colitis, 31% Crohn's disease). Median age was 36 years (IQR: 25-51); 57% were female. The national inflammatory bowel disease admission rate was 6.52 (95% CI: 6.40-6.63) per 100,000 inhabitants with increasing rates over the 12-year period. In terms of latitude, the highest admission rates for pediatric ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as adult ulcerative colitis, were observed in the southernmost region with lowest annual solar radiation. Linear regression analysis showed that regional solar radiation was inversely associated with inflammatory bowel disease admissions in Chile (β: -.44, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Regional solar radiation was inversely associated with inflammatory bowel disease admission rates in Chile; inflammatory bowel disease admissions were highest in the southernmost region with lowest solar radiation. Our results support the potential role of vitamin D deficiency on inflammatory bowel disease flares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Jaime
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Maria C Riutort
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Manuel Alvarez-Lobos
- b Department of Gastroenterology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hoyos-Bachiloglu
- c Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- d Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- c Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,e Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink increased leptin and ghrelin levels but reduced leptin to ghrelin ratio in type 2 diabetes patients: a single blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:2029-2036. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
12
|
Pepaj M, Bredahl MK, Gjerlaugsen N, Thorsby PM. Proteomic analysis of the INS-1E secretome identify novel vitamin D-regulated proteins. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:514-21. [PMID: 26788927 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that vitamin D may have a beneficial role in pancreatic β-cell function. METHODS In the present study, stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively assess the impact of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-(OH)2 D3 , on global protein expression in INS-1E cell secretome. RESULTS Twenty-one proteins were found up-regulated (≥1.5 fold changes) and three down-regulated (≤0.67) after treatment of INS-1E cells with 1,25-(OH)2 D3 . Up-regulation of proteins implicated in β-cell growth and proliferation, such as IGF2, IGFBP7 and gelsolin, suggest that 1,25-(OH)2 D3 has a positive effect on β-cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, modulations of several proteins implicated in prohormone processing and insulin exocytosis (IGF2, IGFBP7, Scg5, ProSAAS, Fabp5, Ptprn2 and gelsolin) appear to support the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2 D3 plays positive modulatory role in insulin processing and secretion. CONCLUSIONS Together, we reveal a number of novel vitamin D-regulated proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the reported beneficial effects of vitamin D on pancreatic β-cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - May K Bredahl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Gjerlaugsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gominak SC. Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid adversely affects the immune system, producing a "pro-inflammatory" state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Med Hypotheses 2016; 94:103-7. [PMID: 27515213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Vitamin D blood levels of 60-80ng/ml promote normal sleep. The present study was undertaken to explore why this beneficial effect waned after 2years as arthritic pain increased. Pantothenic acid becomes coenzyme A, a cofactor necessary for cortisol and acetylcholine production. 1950s experiments suggested a connection between pantothenic acid deficiency, autoimmune arthritis and insomnia. The B vitamins have been shown to have an intestinal bacterial source and a food source, suggesting that the normal intestinal microbiome may have always been the primary source of B vitamins. Review of the scientific literature shows that pantothenic acid does not have a natural food source, it is supplied by the normal intestinal bacteria. In order to test the hypothesis that vitamin D replacement slowly induced a secondary pantothenic acid deficiency, B100 (100mg of all B vitamins except 100mcg of B12 and biotin and 400mcg of folate) was added to vitamin D supplementation. METHODS Vitamin D and B100 were recommended to over 1000 neurology patients. Sleep characteristics, pain levels, neurologic symptoms, and bowel complaints were recorded by the author at routine appointments. RESULTS Three months of vitamin D plus B100 resulted in improved sleep, reduced pain and unexpected resolution of bowel symptoms. These results suggest that the combination of vitamin D plus B100 creates an intestinal environment that favors the return of the four specific species, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria that make up the normal human microbiome. HYPOTHESES 1) Seasonal fluctuations in vitamin D levels have normally produced changes in the intestinal microbiome that promoted weight gain in winter. Years of vitamin D deficiency, however, results in a permanently altered intestinal environment that no longer favors the "healthy foursome". 2) Humans have always had a commensal relationship with their intestinal microbiome. We supplied them vitamin D, they supplied us B vitamins. 3) The four species that make up the normal microbiome are also commensal, each excretes at least one B vitamin that the other three need but cannot make. 4) Improved sleep and more cellular repairs eventually depletes body stores of pantothenic acid, causing reduced cortisol production, increased arthritic pain and widespread "pro-inflammatory" effects on the immune system. 5) Pantothenic acid deficiency also decreases available acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system. Unopposed, increased sympathetic tone then produces hypertension, tachycardia, atrial arrhythmias and a "hyper-adrenergic" state known to predispose to heart disease and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Gominak
- 1635 NE Fremont St., Portland, OR 97212, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pepaj M, Bredahl MK, Gjerlaugsen N, Bornstedt ME, Thorsby PM. Discovery of novel vitamin D-regulated proteins in INS-1 cells: a proteomic approach. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:481-91. [PMID: 25449168 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence indicates that vitamin D may have a beneficial role in pancreatic β-cell function. Global gene expression studies have shown that the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3 ] modulates genes involved in ion transport, lipid metabolism and insulin secretion. METHODS We employed stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively assess the impact of two vitamin D metabolites, 1,25-(OH)2 D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3 ], on global protein expression on a model rat β-cell line, insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells. RESULTS Although treatment with 1,25-(OH)2 D3 resulted in 31 differentially expressed proteins, 25-(OH)D3 had no impact on protein expression. Of these 31 proteins, 29 were upregulated, whereas two showed a decrease in abundance. Proteins whose expression levels markedly increased in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 included Crat, Hmgn2, Protein Tmsbl1 and Gdap1. One of the most important findings in this study is upregulation of proteins implicated in insulin granule motility and insulin exocytosis, suggesting a positive effect on insulin secretion. Moreover, modulation of several membrane transport proteins suggests that 1,25-(OH)2 D3 has an impact on the homeostatic regulation of ions, which is critical for most functions in the β-cell. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we discovered a number of novel 1,25-(OH)2 D3 -regulated proteins, which may contribute to a better understanding of the reported beneficial effects of vitamin D on pancreatic β-cells. All in all, our findings should pave the way for future studies providing insights into molecular mechanisms by which 1,25-(OH)2 D3 regulates protein expression in pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - May K Bredahl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Gjerlaugsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette E Bornstedt
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He CS, Fraser WD, Tang J, Brown K, Renwick S, Rudland-Thomas J, Teah J, Tanqueray E, Gleeson M. The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:67-74. [PMID: 25861808 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heavy training is associated with increased respiratory infection risk and antimicrobial proteins are important in defence against oral and respiratory tract infections. We examined the effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation (5000 IU/day) on the resting plasma cathelicidin concentration and the salivary secretion rates of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cathelicidin, lactoferrin and lysozyme in athletes during a winter training period. Blood and saliva were obtained at the start of the study from 39 healthy men who were randomly allocated to vitamin D3 supplement or placebo. Blood samples were also collected at the end of the study; saliva samples were collected after 7 and 14 weeks. Plasma total 25(OH)D concentration increased by 130% in the vitamin D3 group and decreased by 43% in the placebo group (both P = 0.001). The percentage change of plasma cathelicidin concentration in the vitamin D3 group was higher than in the placebo group (P = 0.025). Only in the vitamin D3 group, the saliva SIgA and cathelicidin secretion rates increased over time (both P = 0.03). A daily 5000 IU vitamin D3 supplement has a beneficial effect in up-regulating the expression of SIgA and cathelicidin in athletes during a winter training period, which could improve resistance to respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shiun He
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - William D Fraser
- b Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK.,c Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich NR4 7UY , UK
| | - Jonathan Tang
- b Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , UK
| | - Kirsty Brown
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - Stephen Renwick
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - Jay Rudland-Thomas
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - James Teah
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - Ellie Tanqueray
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| | - Michael Gleeson
- a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stumpf WE. Whole-body and microscopic autoradiography to determine tissue distribution of biopharmaceuticals -- target discoveries with receptor micro-autoradiography engendered new concepts and therapies for vitamin D. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1086-97. [PMID: 23391491 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information about the distribution of biopharmaceuticals is basic for understanding their actions. Tissue and cellular localization is a key to function. Autoradiography with radiolabeled compounds has provided valuable information with both low resolution whole-body macro-autoradiography and high resolution microscopic autoradiography (micro-autoradiography). Whole-body macro-autoradiography is a uniform and expedient single method approach, providing convenient dose- and time-related overviews with data similar to those obtained with conventional bioassays - and therefore widely used. However, whole-body macro-autoradiography, like common bioassays, has limitations. High specificity-low capacity sites of binding and deposition frequently remain unrecognized. Lack of cellular resolution can cause false negatives and provide misleading results (e.g., false blood-brain barrier). For micro-autoradiography, different methods are advertised in the literature. Most of them are, however, unsuited for drug localization because of inadequate resolution and frequent artifacts. Most drugs interact with their receptors non-covalently by weak electrostatic forces. Therefore, translocation and loss can occur during tissue preparation. This has complicated the use of micro-autoradiography. Receptor micro-autoradiography has overcome these complications and is a method of choice. It has been validated through several diffusible compounds with known localization, extensively applied. It has contributed numerous discoveries, followed by new concepts and therapies. Pictorial evidence in this review indicates that cellular information is essential, a 'sine qua non' for meaningful drug distribution studies. High resolution cellular microscopic information obtained from autoradiography requires tissue dissection and the necessary precautions for preserving pristine in vivo drug deposition. Receptor micro-autoradiography fulfils these requirements. It reveals crucial information at the subcellular level that cannot currently be obtained with any other type of autoradiography or spectrometric imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Stumpf
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2612 Damascus Church Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vitamin D and the scientific calcium dogma: understanding the ‘Panacea’ of the sun. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1080-1. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Gominak SC, Stumpf WE. The world epidemic of sleep disorders is linked to vitamin D deficiency. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:132-5. [PMID: 22583560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An observation of sleep improvement with vitamin D supplementation led to a 2 year uncontrolled trial of vitamin D supplementation in 1500 patients with neurologic complaints who also had evidence of abnormal sleep. Most patients had improvement in neurologic symptoms and sleep but only through maintaining a narrow range of 25(OH) vitamin D3 blood levels of 60-80 ng/ml. Comparisons of brain regions associated with sleep-wake regulation and vitamin D target neurons in the diencephalon and several brainstem nuclei suggest direct central effects of vitamin D on sleep. We propose the hypothesis that sleep disorders have become epidemic because of widespread vitamin D deficiency. The therapeutic effects together with the anatomic-functional correspondence warrant further investigation and consideration of vitamin D in the etiology and therapy of sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Gominak
- East Texas Medical Center, Neurologic Institute, Tyler, TX 75701, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:123-33. [PMID: 22503810 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays a central role in the biological actions of vitamin D. VDR regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in calcium/phosphate homeostasis, cellular proliferation and differentiation, and immune response, largely in a ligand-dependent manner. To understand the global function of the vitamin D system in physiopathological processes, great effort has been devoted to the detection of VDR in various tissues and cells, many of which have been identified as vitamin D targets. This review focuses on the tissue- and cell type-specific distribution of VDR throughout the body.
Collapse
|
20
|
In vivo target recognition with high-resolution imaging: significance for drug development. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 35:15-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-010-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|