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Said M, Gaál E, Farkas A, Molnár I, Bartoš J, Doležel J, Cabrera A, Endo TR. Gametocidal genes: from a discovery to the application in wheat breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396553. [PMID: 38711610 PMCID: PMC11070591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Some species of the genus Aegilops, a wild relative of wheat, carry chromosomes that after introducing to wheat exhibit preferential transmission to progeny. Their selective retention is a result of the abortion of gametes lacking them due to induced chromosomal aberrations. These chromosomes are termed Gametocidal (Gc) and, based on their effects, they are categorized into three types: mild, intense or severe, and very strong. Gc elements within the same homoeologous chromosome groups of Aegilops (II, III, or IV) demonstrate similar Gc action. This review explores the intriguing dynamics of Gc chromosomes and encompasses comprehensive insights into their source species, behavioral aspects, mode of action, interactions, suppressions, and practical applications of the Gc system in wheat breeding. By delving into these areas, this work aims to contribute to the development of novel plant genetic resources for wheat breeding. The insights provided herein shed light on the utilization of Gc chromosomes to produce chromosomal rearrangements in wheat and its wild relatives, thereby facilitating the generation of chromosome deletions, translocations, and telosomic lines. The Gc approach has significantly advanced various aspects of wheat genetics, including the introgression of novel genes and alleles, molecular markers and gene mapping, and the exploration of homoeologous relationships within Triticeae species. The mystery lies in why gametes possessing Gc genes maintain their normality while those lacking Gc genes suffer abnormalities, highlighting an unresolved research gap necessitating deeper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - István Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
- Agricultural Institute, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Jan Bartoš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Adoración Cabrera
- Genetics Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes (ETSIAM), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Yang W, Han H, Guo B, Qi K, Zhang J, Zhou S, Yang X, Li X, Lu Y, Liu W, Liu X, Li L. The Genomic Variation and Differentially Expressed Genes on the 6P Chromosomes in Wheat- Agropyron cristatum Addition Lines 5113 and II-30-5 Confer Different Desirable Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087056. [PMID: 37108219 PMCID: PMC10139034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild relatives of wheat are essential gene pools for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Chromosome rearrangements and genomic variation in alien chromosomes are widespread. Knowledge of the genetic variation between alien homologous chromosomes is valuable for discovering and utilizing alien genes. In this study, we found that 5113 and II-30-5, two wheat-A. cristatum 6P addition lines, exhibited considerable differences in heading date, grain number per spike, and grain weight. Genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the 6P chromosomes of the two addition lines, including 143,511 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 62,103 insertion/deletion polymorphisms, and 757 differentially expressed genes. Intriguingly, genomic variations were mainly distributed in the middle of the chromosome arms and the proximal centromere region. GO and KEGG analyses of the variant genes and differentially expressed genes showed the enrichment of genes involved in the circadian rhythm, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that the differential genes on the 6P chromosome are closely related to the phenotypic differences. For example, the photosynthesis-related genes PsbA, PsbT, and YCF48 were upregulated in II-30-5 compared with 5113. ACS and FabG are related to carbon fixation and fatty acid biosynthesis, respectively, and both carried modification variations and were upregulated in 5113 relative to II-30-5. Therefore, this study provides important guidance for cloning desirable genes from alien homologous chromosomes and for their effective utilization in wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiming Han
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baojin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Karyotype Reorganization in Wheat-Rye Hybrids Obtained via Unreduced Gametes: Is There a Limit to the Chromosome Number in Triticale? PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102052. [PMID: 34685861 PMCID: PMC8538156 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, few data have been accumulated on the contribution of meiotic restitution to the formation of Triticum aestivum hybrid karyotypes. In this study, based on FISH and C-banding, karyotype reorganization was observed in three groups of F5 wheat–rye hybrids 1R(1A) × R. Aberrations, including aneuploidy, telocentrics, and Robertsonian translocations, were detected in all groups. Some of the Group 1 plants and all of the Group 2 plants only had a 4R4R pair (in addition to 1R1R), which was either added or substituted for its homeolog in ABD subgenomes. In about 82% of meiocytes, 4R4R formed bivalents, which indicates its competitiveness. The rest of the Group 1 plants had 2R and 7R chromosomes in addition to 1R1R. Group 3 retained all their rye chromosomes, with a small aneuploidy on the wheat chromosomes. A feature of the meiosis in the Group 3 plants was asynchronous cell division and omission of the second division. Diploid gametes did not form because of the significant disturbances during gametogenesis. As a result, the frequency of occurrence of the formed dyads was negatively correlated (r = −0.73) with the seed sets. Thus, meiotic restitution in the 8n triticale does not contribute to fertility or increased ploidy in subsequent generations.
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Said M, Parada AC, Gaál E, Molnár I, Cabrera A, Doležel J, Vrána J. Uncovering homeologous relationships between tetraploid Agropyron cristatum and bread wheat genomes using COS markers. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2881-2898. [PMID: 31312850 PMCID: PMC6763527 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using COS markers, the study reveals homeologous relationships between tetraploid Agropyron cristatum and bread wheat to support alien introgression breeding of wheat. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) is a wild relative of wheat that possesses many genes that are potentially useful in wheat improvement. The species comprises a complex of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid forms. In this study, wheat-A. cristatum chromosome, telosome and translocation lines were used to characterize syntenic relationships between tetraploid A. cristatum and bread wheat. Prior to mapping COS markers, the cytogenetic stock lines were characterized for fertility and by FISH and GISH for karyotype stability. Out of 328 COS markers selected for the study, 279 consistently amplified products in tetraploid A. cristatum, and, out of these, 139 were polymorphic between tetraploid crested wheatgrass and wheat. Sixty-nine markers were found to be suitable for the detection of tetraploid A. cristatum chromosomes 1P-6P in wheat, ranging from 6 to 17 markers per chromosome. BLASTn of the source ESTs resulted in significant hits for 67 markers on the wheat pseudomolecules. Generally, COS markers of the same homeologous group were detected on similar arms in both Agropyron and wheat. However, some intragenomic duplications and chromosome rearrangements were detected in tetraploid A. cristatum. These results provide new insights into the structure and evolution of the tetraploid A. cristatum genome and will facilitate the exploitation of the wild species for introgression breeding of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 9 Gamma Street, Giza, Cairo, 12619, Egypt
| | - Alejandro Copete Parada
- Genetics Department, ETSIAM, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - István Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Adoración Cabrera
- Genetics Department, ETSIAM, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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The Polymorphisms of Oligonucleotide Probes in Wheat Cultivars Determined by ND-FISH. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061126. [PMID: 30901897 PMCID: PMC6471732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) has been used to distinguish wheat chromosomes and to detect alien chromosomes in the wheat genome. In this study, five different oligonucleotide probes were used with ND-FISH to examine 21 wheat cultivars and lines. These oligonucleotide probes distinguished 42 wheat chromosomes and also detected rye chromatin in the wheat genome. Moreover, the signal patterns of the oligonucleotide probes Oligo-pTa535-1 and Oligo-pSc119.2-1 showed high polymorphism in the wheat chromosomes. A total of 17.6% of the A group chromosomes, 25.9% of the B group chromosomes and 8.9% of the D group chromosomes showed obvious mutations when they were compared to the standard ND-FISH signal patterns, and most of them were Oligo-pSc119.2-1 mutants. The results suggested that these polymorphisms could be induced by the crossing of wheat cultivars. The results provided more information for the further application of oligonucleotide probes and ND-FISH.
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Effect of Hybridization on Somatic Mutations and Genomic Rearrangements in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123758. [PMID: 30486351 PMCID: PMC6320998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization has been routinely practiced in agriculture to enhance the crop yield. Principally, it can cause hybrid vigor where hybrid plants display increased size, biomass, fertility, and resistance to diseases, when compared to their parents. During hybridization, hybrid offspring receive a genomic shock due to mixing of distant parental genomes, which triggers a myriad of genomic rearrangements, e.g., transpositions, genome size changes, chromosomal rearrangements, and other effects on the chromatin. Recently, it has been reported that, besides genomic rearrangements, hybridization can also alter the somatic mutation rates in plants. In this review, we provide in-depth insights about hybridization triggered genomic rearrangements and somatic mutations in plants.
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Addition of chromosome 4R from Hungarian rye cultivar Lovászpatonai confers resistance to stripe rust and outstanding end-use quality in wheat. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang W, Wang C, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Ji W. Molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat-rye 1R addition line with multiple spikelets and resistance to powdery mildew. Genome 2016; 59:277-88. [PMID: 27021228 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alien addition lines are important for transferring useful genes from alien species into common wheat. Rye is an important and valuable gene resource for improving wheat disease resistance, yield, and environment adaptation. A new wheat-rye addition line, N9436B, was developed from the progeny of the cross of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) cultivar Shaanmai 611 and rye (Secale cereal L., 2n = 2x = 14, RR) accession Austrian rye. We characterized this new line by cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, and disease resistance screening. N9436B was stable in morphology and cytology, with a chromosome composition of 2n = 42 + 2t = 22II. GISH investigations showed that this line contained two rye chromosomes. GISH, FISH, and molecular maker identification suggested that the introduced R chromosome and the missing wheat chromosome arms were 1R chromosome and 2DL chromosome arm, respectively. N9436B exhibited 30-37 spikelets per spike and a high level of resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) isolate E09 at the seedling stage. N9436B was cytologically stable, had the trait of multiple spikelets, and was resistant to powdery mildew; this line should thus be useful in wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinlun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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An D, Zheng Q, Luo Q, Ma P, Zhang H, Li L, Han F, Xu H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a New Wheat-Rye 6R Chromosome Disomic Addition Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134534. [PMID: 26237413 PMCID: PMC4523181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) possesses many valuable genes that can be used for improving disease resistance, yield and environment adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the documented resistance stocks derived from rye is faced severe challenge due to the variation of virulent isolates in the pathogen populations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop desirable germplasm and search for novel resistance gene sources against constantly accumulated variation of the virulent isolates. In the present study, a new wheat-rye line designated as WR49-1 was produced through distant hybridization and chromosome engineering protocols between common wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 and rye cultivar German White. Using sequential GISH (genomic in situ hybridization), mc-FISH (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization), mc-GISH (multicolor GISH) and EST (expressed sequence tag)-based marker analysis, WR49-1 was proved to be a new wheat-rye 6R disomic addition line. As expected, WR49-1 showed high levels of resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) pathogens prevalent in China at the adult growth stage and 19 of 23 Bgt isolates tested at the seedling stage. According to its reaction pattern to different Bgt isolates, WR49-1 may possess new resistance gene(s) for powdery mildew, which differed from the documented powdery mildew gene, including Pm20 on chromosome arm 6RL of rye. Additionally, WR49-1 was cytologically stable, had improved agronomic characteristics and therefore could serve as an important bridge for wheat breeding and chromosome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nguyen V, Fleury D, Timmins A, Laga H, Hayden M, Mather D, Okada T. Addition of rye chromosome 4R to wheat increases anther length and pollen grain number. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:953-64. [PMID: 25716820 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The research identified rye chromosome 4R arms associated with good pollinator traits, and demonstrated possible use of rye genetic resources to develop elite pollinators for hybrid wheat breeding. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a predominantly self-pollinating plant which has relatively small-sized anthers and produces a low number of pollen grains. These features limit the suitability of most wheat lines as pollinators for hybrid seed production. One strategy for improving the pollination ability of wheat is to introgress cross-pollination traits from related species. One such species is rye (Secale cereale L.), which has suitable traits such as high anther extrusion, long anthers containing large amounts of pollen and long pollen viability. Therefore, introducing these traits into wheat is of great interest in hybrid wheat breeding. Here, we investigated wheat-rye chromosome addition lines for the effects of rye chromosomes on anther and pollen development in wheat. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array, we detected 984 polymorphic markers that showed expected syntenic relationships between wheat and rye. Our results revealed that the addition of rye chromosomes 1R or 2R reduced pollen fertility, while addition of rye chromosome 4R increased anther size by 16% and pollen grain number by 33%. The effect on anther length was associated with increases in both cell size and the number of endothecium cells and was attributed to the long arm of chromosome 4R. In contrast, the effect on pollen grain number was attributed to the short arm of chromosome 4R. These results indicate that rye chromosome 4R contains at least two genetic factors associated with increased anther size and pollen grain number that can favourably affect pollination traits in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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New types of wheat chromosomal structural variations in derivatives of wheat-rye hybrids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110282. [PMID: 25302962 PMCID: PMC4193885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal rearrangements induced by wheat-rye hybridization is a very well investigated research topic. However, the structural alterations of wheat chromosomes in wheat-rye hybrids are seldom reported. Methodology/Principal Findings Octoploid triticale lines were derived from common wheat Triticum. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’×rye Secale cereale L. ‘Kustro’. Some progeny were obtained by the controlled backcrossing of triticale with ‘Mianyang11’ and common wheat T. aestivum L. ‘Chuannong27’ followed by self-fertilization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa535-1 and rye genomic DNA as probes were used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. Alterations of wheat chromosomes including 5A, 6A, 1B, 2B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 3D and 7D were observed. 5AL arm carrying intercalary Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa535-1 or both Oligo-pSc119.2-1 and Oligo-pTa535-1 signals, 6AS, 1BS and 1DL arms containing terminal Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal, 6BS and 3DS arms without terminal Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal, 7BS without subtelomeric Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal and 7DL with intercalary Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal have been observed. However, these changed wheat chromosomes have not been detected in ‘Mianyang11’ and Chuannong 27. The altered 5A, 6A, 7B and 7D chromosomes in this study have not been reported and represent several new karyotype structures of common wheat chromosomes. Conclusions/Significance These rearranged wheat chromosomes in the present study afford some new genetic variations for wheat breeding program and are valuable materials for studying the biological function of tandem repetitive DNA sequences.
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Genetic rearrangements of six wheat-agropyron cristatum 6P addition lines revealed by molecular markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91066. [PMID: 24595330 PMCID: PMC3942500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) not only is cultivated as pasture fodder but also could provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. It is critical to obtain common wheat–A. cristatum alien disomic addition lines to locate the desired genes on the P genome chromosomes. Comparative analysis of the homoeologous relationships between the P genome chromosome and wheat genome chromosomes is a key step in transferring different desirable genes into common wheat and producing the desired alien translocation line while compensating for the loss of wheat chromatin. In this study, six common wheat–A. cristatum disomic addition lines were produced and analyzed by phenotypic examination, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), SSR markers from the ABD genomes and STS markers from the P genome. Comparative maps, six in total, were generated and demonstrated that all six addition lines belonged to homoeologous group 6. However, chromosome 6P had undergone obvious rearrangements in different addition lines compared with the wheat chromosome, indicating that to obtain a genetic compensating alien translocation line, one should recombine alien chromosomal regions with homoeologous wheat chromosomes. Indeed, these addition lines were classified into four types based on the comparative mapping: 6PI, 6PII, 6PIII, and 6PIV. The different types of chromosome 6P possessed different desirable genes. For example, the 6PI type, containing three addition lines, carried genes conferring high numbers of kernels per spike and resistance to powdery mildew, important traits for wheat improvement. These results may prove valuable for promoting the development of conventional chromosome engineering techniques toward molecular chromosome engineering.
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Fu S, Yang M, Fei Y, Tan F, Ren Z, Yan B, Zhang H, Tang Z. Alterations and abnormal mitosis of wheat chromosomes induced by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70483. [PMID: 23936213 PMCID: PMC3728071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wheat-rye addition lines are an old topic. However, the alterations and abnormal mitotic behaviours of wheat chromosomes caused by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines are seldom reported. Methodology/Principal Findings Octoploid triticale was derived from common wheat T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’×rye S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’ and some progeny were obtained by the controlled backcrossing of triticale with ‘Mianyang11’ followed by self-fertilization. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using rye genomic DNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using repetitive sequences pAs1 and pSc119.2 as probes were used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. Strong pSc119.2 FISH signals could be observed at the telomeric regions of 3DS arms in ‘Mianyang11’. However, the pSc119.2 FISH signals were disappeared from the selfed progeny of 4R monosomic addition line and the changed 3D chromosomes could be transmitted to next generation stably. In one of the selfed progeny of 7R monosomic addition line, one 2D chromosome was broken and three 4A chromosomes were observed. In the selfed progeny of 6R monosomic addition line, structural variation and abnormal mitotic behaviour of 3D chromosome were detected. Additionally, 1A and 4B chromosomes were eliminated from some of the progeny of 6R monosomic addition line. Conclusions/Significance These results indicated that single rye chromosome added to wheat might cause alterations and abnormal mitotic behaviours of wheat chromosomes and it is possible that the stress caused by single alien chromosome might be one of the factors that induced karyotype alteration of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SLF); (ZXT)
| | - Manyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benju Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SLF); (ZXT)
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Fu S, Sun C, Yang M, Fei Y, Tan F, Yan B, Ren Z, Tang Z. Genetic and epigenetic variations induced by wheat-rye 2R and 5R monosomic addition lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54057. [PMID: 23342073 PMCID: PMC3544662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) can easily induce structural variation of chromosomes and have been used in crop breeding; however, it is unclear whether MAALs will induce drastic genetic and epigenetic alterations. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, wheat-rye 2R and 5R MAALs together with their selfed progeny and parental common wheat were investigated through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analyses. The MAALs in different generations displayed different genetic variations. Some progeny that only contained 42 wheat chromosomes showed great genetic/epigenetic alterations. Cryptic rye chromatin has introgressed into the wheat genome. However, one of the progeny that contained cryptic rye chromatin did not display outstanding genetic/epigenetic variation. 78 and 49 sequences were cloned from changed AFLP and MSAP bands, respectively. Blastn search indicated that almost half of them showed no significant similarity to known sequences. Retrotransposons were mainly involved in genetic and epigenetic variations. Genetic variations basically affected Gypsy-like retrotransposons, whereas epigenetic alterations affected Copia-like and Gypsy-like retrotransposons equally. Genetic and epigenetic variations seldom affected low-copy coding DNA sequences. Conclusions/Significance The results in the present study provided direct evidence to illustrate that monosomic wheat-rye addition lines could induce different and drastic genetic/epigenetic variations and these variations might not be caused by introgression of rye chromatins into wheat. Therefore, MAALs may be directly used as an effective means to broaden the genetic diversity of common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SLF); (ZLR)
| | - Chuanfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiqun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benju Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SLF); (ZLR)
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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