Diagnostic microarrays in hematologic oncology: applications of high- and low-density arrays

Detection of human genome mutations associated with pregnancy complications using 3-D microarray based on macroporous polymer monoliths

Analysis of variations in DNA structure using a low-density microarray technology for routine diagnostic in evidence-based medicine is still relevant. In this work the applicability of 3-D macroporous monolithic methacrylate-based platforms for detection of different pathogenic genomic substitutions was studied. The detection of nucleotide replacements in F5 (Leiden G/A, rs6025), MTHFR (C/T, rs1801133) and ITGB3 (T/C, rs5918), involved in coagulation, and COMT (C/G, rs4818), TPH2 (T/A, rs11178997), PON1 (T/A rs854560), AGTR2 (C/A, rs11091046) and SERPINE1 (5G/4G, rs1799889), associated with pregnancy complications, was performed. The effect of such parameters as amount and type of oligonucleotide probe, amount of PCR product on signal-to-noise ratio, as well as mismatch discrimination was analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity of mutation detections were coincided and equal to 98.6%. The analysis of SERPINE1 and MTHFR genotypes by both NGS and developed microarray was performed and compared.

Detection of glutathione within single erythrocyte of different ages and pathological state using microfluidic chips coupled with laser induced fluorescence

As a major factor participating in the organism antioxidation and detoxification process, GSH is of vital importance to human beings. Detecting GSH content in single cells is significant to diagnosis and prevention of many diseases. In this work, the amount of GSH within single erythrocytes was detected and analyzed via statistical analysis. All erythrocytes tested were collected from people in different ages and people of different pathological states. The correlation between GSH level, age and pathological state were investigated. Results showed that the GSH level in erythrocytes decreased with the ages of patients increased. There was little difference between the GSH level in erythrocytes from people who had chronic diseases (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension) and from healthy people. However, the GSH level in erythrocytes from people who had inflammation (myocarditis, nephritis and gastritis) was generally higher than that from the healthy people. This study provides basic data for researches of cell senescence and cytopathic effect and is helpful to diagnosis and prevention of diseases. In addition, it also provides a simple and effective method for rapid GSH detection within single cell.

Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas in European Russia

With the introduction of the revised World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues in 2001, many patients had to be re-evaluated for the correct diagnosis of T- and NK-cell lymphomas. Because some T-cell malignancies are associated with poor outcome, it is important to identify subsets of patients that may benefit from novel or more intensive therapies. The purpose of this study was to determine, for the first time, the relative frequencies, pathological features and outcomes of patients with T- and NK-cell lymphomas in a predominantly Russian Slavic population. We identified 291 patients with a diagnosis of T- and NK-cell malignancies treated at our Center between 2000-2008. In applying the revised WHO classification, we confirmed the diagnosis and had complete clinical follow up and pathological information on 264 cases that were included in the analysis. We found some differences in frequency of several subsets as compared with previously published reports, including younger age of onset and relatively higher incidence of T-LGL in our patients. We also confirm that intensive treatment regimens of advanced stage PTCL and ALK—ALCL led to considerable improvement in response rates, but not in the overall survival.

Hepatitis C virus genotyping using an oligonucleotide microarray based on the NS5B sequence

The genotype of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essential for determining treatment duration in clinical practice and for epidemiological and clinical studies. Currently, few genotyping assays that determine the HCV subtype are available. This report describes a microarray-based molecular technique for identifying the HCV genotype and subtype. It uses low-density hydrogel-based biochips containing genotype- and subtype-specific oligonucleotides based on the sequences of the NS5B region of the HCV genome. The biochip contains 120 oligonucleotides that identify genotypes 1 to 6 and 36 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2l, 2m, 3a, 3b, 3k, 4a, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4h, 4i, 4k, 4n, 4o, 4p, 4r, 4t, 5a, 6a, 6b, 6d, 6g, 6h, and 6k) subtypes. The procedure included amplification of a 380-nucleotide (nt) fragment of NS5B and its hybridization on the biochip. Tests on 345 HCV-positive samples showed that the assay agreed with NS5B sequencing 100% for the genotype and 99.7% for the subtype. The hybridization on the microarray and the NS5B sequence were in 100% agreement for identifying the most common subtypes, 1a, 1b, 4a, 4d, and 3a. This approach is a promising tool for HCV genotyping, especially for implementing the new anti-HCV drugs that require accurate identification of clinically relevant subtypes.