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Jin Z, Gao Q, Wu K, Ouyang J, Guo W, Liang XJ. Harnessing inhaled nanoparticles to overcome the pulmonary barrier for respiratory disease therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115111. [PMID: 37820982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for pulmonary diseases presents a significant global health burden, primarily due to the challenges posed by the pulmonary barrier that hinders drug delivery to the lungs. Inhaled nanomedicines, with their capacity for localized and precise drug delivery to specific pulmonary pathologies through the respiratory route, hold tremendous promise as a solution to these challenges. Nevertheless, the realization of efficient and safe pulmonary drug delivery remains fraught with multifaceted challenges. This review summarizes the delivery barriers associated with major pulmonary diseases, the physicochemical properties and drug formulations affecting these barriers, and emphasizes the design advantages and functional integration of nanomedicine in overcoming pulmonary barriers for efficient and safe local drug delivery. The review also deliberates on established nanocarriers and explores drug formulation strategies rooted in these nanocarriers, thereby furnishing essential guidance for the rational design and implementation of pulmonary nanotherapeutics. Finally, this review cast a forward-looking perspective, contemplating the clinical prospects and challenges inherent in the application of inhaled nanomedicines for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokui Jin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Keke Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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2
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Utembe W, Andraos C, Gulumian M. Immunotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials and their role in asthma. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:491-505. [PMID: 37933836 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo and in vitro has formed the basis of most studies. However, the toxicity of ENMs, particularly on the immune system, i.e. immunotoxicity, and their role in manipulating it, are less known. This review addresses the initiation or exacerbation as well as the attenuation of allergic asthma by a variety of ENMs and how they may be used in drug delivery to enhance the treatment of asthma. This review also highlights a few research gaps in the study of the immunotoxicity of ENMs, for example, the potential drawbacks of assays used in immunotoxicity assays; the potential role of hormesis during dosing of ENMs; and the variables that result in discrepancies among different studies, such as the physicochemical properties of ENMs, differences in asthmatic animal models, and different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells Utembe
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Environmental Health Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Kulkarni P, Rawtani D, Rajpurohit S, Vasvani S, Barot T. Self-assembly based aerosolized hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded niosomes for lung delivery: An in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Ali ME, McConville JT, Lamprecht A. Pulmonary delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:929-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.993968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Ozbakir B, Crielaard BJ, Metselaar JM, Storm G, Lammers T. Liposomal corticosteroids for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. J Control Release 2014; 190:624-36. [PMID: 24878183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are known for their potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. As a consequence, they have been extensively used for the treatment of many different diseases. Prolonged and/or high-dose GC therapy, however, generally comes with severe side effects, resulting not only from their very diverse mechanism(s) of action, but also from their relatively poor biodistribution. Drug delivery systems, and in particular liposomes, have been extensively used to enhance the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of GC, and to thereby improve the balance between their efficacy and their toxicity. Many different types of liposomes have been employed, and both local and systemic treatments have been evaluated. We here summarize the progress made in the use of liposomal GC formulations for the treatment of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and cancer, and we show that the targeted delivery of GC to pathological sites holds significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Ozbakir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Crielaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 515 E71st Street, 10021 NY, USA
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH - Aachen University, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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6
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Wagner A, Vorauer-Uhl K, Katinger H. Nebulization of Liposomal rh-Cu/Zn–SOD with a Novel Vibrating Membrane Nebulizer. J Liposome Res 2008; 16:113-25. [PMID: 16753966 DOI: 10.1080/08982100600680733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are potential drug carriers for pulmonary drug delivery: They can be prepared from phospholipids, which are endogenous to the respiratory tract as a component of pulmonary surfactant, and at an appropriate dose liposomes do not pose a toxicological risk to this organ. Among the various categories of drug that benefit from liposomal entrapment is the anti-inflammatory enzyme superoxide dismutase, thus prolonging its biological half-life. The delivery of liposomes by nebulization is hampered by stability problems, like physical and chemical changes that may lead to chemical degradation and leakage of the encapsulated drug. Here we present data of liposomes aerosolized with a novel electronic nebulizer based on a vibrating membrane technology (PARI eFlow), which amends drawbacks like liposomes degradation and product release. The data acquisition included aerosol properties such as aerodynamic particle size, nebulization efficiency, and liposome leakage upon nebulization. In conclusion, this study shows the ability of the PARI eFlow to nebulize high amounts of liposomal recombinant human superoxide dismutase with reduced vesicle disruption tested in an enclosing experimental protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wagner
- Polymun Scientific, Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
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Jaspart S, Bertholet P, Piel G, Dogné JM, Delattre L, Evrard B. Solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release system for pulmonary drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 65:47-56. [PMID: 16962749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of drugs for pulmonary delivery is a research field which has been so far rather unexploited but is currently becoming increasingly attractive. The introduction part of this research article first details the potential advantages of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) as drug carrier compared to liposomes and polymeric microspheres. The aim of this work is to use SLMs to impart a sustained release profile to a model drug, salbutamol acetonide (SA). SA was synthesized from salbutamol in order to increase the lipophilicity of this molecule and thereby to increase its incorporation efficiency into SLMs. SA-loaded SLMs were then produced by a hot emulsion technique followed by high-shear homogenisation and the manufacturing parameters were optimized using the experimental design methodology in order to reach a suitable particle size for pulmonary administration. Scanning electron micrographs showed that SLMs are spherical, have a smooth surface and that SA crystallizes outside of the particles when the drug loading is higher than 20%. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. SA in vitro release study from SLMs showed that the release rate increased with SA loading but remained in every case lower than the dissolution rate of pure SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Jaspart
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Belgium.
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8
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Labiris NR, Dolovich MB. Pulmonary drug delivery. Part II: the role of inhalant delivery devices and drug formulations in therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 56:600-12. [PMID: 14616419 PMCID: PMC1884297 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the area of pulmonary drug delivery has gathered momentum in the last several years, with increased interest in using the lung as a means of delivering drugs systemically. Advances in device technology have led to the development of more efficient delivery systems capable of delivering larger doses and finer particles into the lung. As more efficient pulmonary delivery devices and sophisticated formulations become available, physicians and health professionals will have a choice of a wide variety of device and formulation combinations that will target specific cells or regions of the lung, avoid the lung's clearance mechanisms and be retained within the lung for longer periods. It is now recognized that it is not enough just to have inhalation therapy available for prescribing; physicians and other healthcare providers need a basic understanding of aerosol science, inhaled formulations, delivery devices, and bioequivalence of products to prescribe these therapies optimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Labiris
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Klyashchitsky BA, Owen AJ. Nebulizer-compatible liquid formulations for aerosol pulmonary delivery of hydrophobic drugs: glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. J Drug Target 2000; 7:79-99. [PMID: 10617295 DOI: 10.3109/10611869909085494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses pulmonary delivery of glucocorticoids and cyclosporine in pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents and liposomes, as well as in micellar solutions and microemulsions, by means of liquid aerosols generated by nebulizers. The review points out the importance of a variety of parameters for successful treatment of immunologically mediated lung diseases by inhalation of drug containing aerosols with particular references to physico-chemical properties of formulations, aerosol parameters, pharmacokinetics, and lung deposition in experimental animals and humans. The prospects for the use of these types of formulations for clinical treatment of asthma, lung transplant rejection processes and other lung diseases are summarized.
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11
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Waldrep J, Arppe J, Jansa K, Vidgren M. Experimental pulmonary delivery of cyclosporin A by liposome aerosol. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Waldrep JC, Gilbert BE, Knight CM, Black MB, Scherer PW, Knight V, Eschenbacher W. Pulmonary delivery of beclomethasone liposome aerosol in volunteers. Tolerance and safety. Chest 1997; 111:316-23. [PMID: 9041975 DOI: 10.1378/chest.111.2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To test the tolerance and safety of single doses of beclomethasone dipropionate (Bec)-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposome aerosol in volunteers. DESIGN Single-dose inhalations of liposome preparations of Bec-DLPC and DLPC alone were administered for 15 min from a jet nebulizer (Puritan-Bennett, modified twin jet; mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.6 microns) under close clinical and laboratory surveillance. Two dose levels (0.5 mg Bec/12.5 mg DLPC per milliliter, and 1.0 mg Bec and 25 mg DLPC per milliliter in the reservoirs, respectively) were administered. The Bec doses were selected to approximate the dosages of this glucocorticoid used with metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). First, four volunteers were exposed to an initial low dose; the mean (+/-SD) inhaled doses were 0.56 +/- 0.07 mg of Bec and/or 14.0 +/- 1.8 mg of DLPC. Subsequently, a second group of six volunteers was exposed to a higher dose; the mean (+/-SD) inhaled doses were 1.29 +/- 0.14 mg of Bec and/or 34.6 +/- 6.8 mg of DLPC. SETTING Outpatient and inpatient. PATIENTS Normal male (n = 6) and female (n = 4) adult volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Inhalation of Bec-DLPC and DLPC liposome aerosols in a single-dose tolerance study involving 10 normal volunteers. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Spirometry, clinical observations, clinical chemistry, and hematology were monitored. No adverse clinical or laboratory events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Bec-DLPC liposome aqueous aerosol was well tolerated in doses equivalent to those currently administered by MDIs and dry powder inhalers for treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Waldrep
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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BERLINSKI ARIEL, WALDREP JCLIFFORD. Effect of Aerosol Delivery System and Formulation on Nebulized Budesonide Output. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1089/jam.1997.10.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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