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Garot E, Lopez Onaindia D, Couture C, Morales JI, Cebrià A, Oms X, Manton DJ, Lozano M. Insights into molar-incisor hypomineralisation in past populations: A call to anthropologists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 42:18-26. [PMID: 37523814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental defect of enamel affecting the first permanent molars and often the incisors and affecting approximately 13% of the current population worldwide. Here, we aim to highlight potential differential diagnoses of MIH in archaeological collections (taphonomic discoloration, amelogenesis imperfecta, fluorosis, rachitic teeth, etc.). METHODS Causative factors of dental discolourations are identified through a literature review. RESULTS In an archaeological context, the sediments contained in the burial soil can lead to tooth discoloration. Taphonomic staining of the dentition may have a similar appearance to enamel hypomineralisation, and thus is a confounding factor that has the potential to cause miscalculation of the true prevalence of MIH within archaeological collections. Some rare medieval cases are reported in the modern literature but without microanalysis, misdiagnosis is possible. The aetiological factors of MIH are unknown but probably follow the multifactorial model involving systemic medical and genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS Systematic detection and diagnosis of MIH during anthropological studies is therefore of great interest. SIGNIFICANCE The hypotheses that only contemporary agents are causative factors of MIH could be refuted by the discovery of individuals living before medication or pollutants. The identification of MIH in a group of individuals also provides information regarding the health status of a population and reflects stress occurring during the period of mineralisation of the first permanent molars after secretion of the enamel matrix. LIMITATIONS Taphonomic alterations of archaeological remains prevent MIH diagnosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH MIH diagnosis can be difficult in archaeological series and further non-destructive methods (microtomography, elemental analyses, etc.) are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Garot
- Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | - Juan Ignacio Morales
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona 43007, Spain; Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain
| | - Artur Cebrià
- Department Història i Arqueologia, Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP). Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6-8, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Oms
- Department Història i Arqueologia, Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP). Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6-8, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David John Manton
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Cariology and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Lozano
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona 43007, Spain; Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain
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Cook C, Moreno Lopez R. Is molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) a new disease of the 21st century? PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Garot E, Rouas P, Somani C, Taylor GD, Wong F, Lygidakis NA. An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:23-38. [PMID: 34164793 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the aetiological factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). To this day, the aetiology remains unknown. Determining risk factors would allow risk assessment and enhance early diagnosis of MIH in young patients. The aim was to assess, evaluate and summarise the relationship between MIH and reported aetiological hypotheses. METHODS Electronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS and Cochrane Library were conducted. Authors conformed to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were screened, data extracted, assessment of risk of bias and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with heterogeneity calculations were performed. RESULTS Of the potential 8949 studies, 64 studies were included in the qualitative analysis whilst 45 were included in the quantitative analysis. Prenatal factors: results are inconclusive as only unspecified maternal illnesses appear to be linked to MIH. Perinatal factors: prematurity (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.24-1.70; p = 0.0002) and caesarean delivery (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.09, 1.93; p < 0.00001) are associated with an increased risk of developing MIH. Birth complications are also highlighted. These three factors can lead to hypoxia, and children with perinatal hypoxia are more likely to develop MIH (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.09-3.64; p < 0.0001). Postnatal factors: measles, urinary tract infection, otitis media, gastric disorders, bronchitis, kidney diseases, pneumonia and asthma are associated with MIH. Fever and antibiotic use, which may be considered as consequences of childhood illnesses, are also associated with MIH. Genetic factors: an increasing number of studies highlight the genetic and epigenetic influences in the development of MIH. CONCLUSION Several systemic and genetic and/or epigenetic factors acting synergistically or additively are associated with MIH, revealing a multifactorial aetiology model. Peri- and postnatal aetiological factors are more likely to increase the odds of causing MIH than prenatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garot
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR Des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France. .,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. .,Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France.
| | - P Rouas
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR Des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | - C Somani
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - G D Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N A Lygidakis
- Private Paediatric Dental Clinic, 2 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
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da Costa Rosa T, Pintor AVB, Magno MB, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Maia LC, Neves AA. Worldwide trends on molar incisor and deciduous molar hypomineralisation research: a bibliometric analysis over a 19-year period. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:133-146. [PMID: 34674159 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the worldwide trends in scientific evidence and gaps in knowledge regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and deciduous molar hypomineralisation/hypomineralised second primary molars (DMH/HSPM), exploring the contribution of authors and countries, possible etiological factors and proposed treatments, in order to guide future research in the area. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO, Embase and Google Scholar. Studies employing the terms MIH, DMH/HSPM and their linguistic variations were included. The following data were extracted: title, authors, year and journal of publication and first author's affiliation country. Studies were categorized according to topic, dentition, study design, etiological factors and types of treatments. Categories were analysed in relation to their distribution, co-occurrence, cross-correlation and/or autocorrelation. RESULTS Five hundred and three studies were included. The most published authors were Manton D (n = 47), de Souza JF (n = 22) and Ghanim A (n = 22) and four main collaboration clusters have been identified. Most of the studies were conducted on permanent dentition (MIH) (87.4%); with observational design (57.2%). The "European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry" was the most published journal (13.3%) and a significant increase in the number of publications was observed in the last decade. MIH was most studied in relation to prevalence/incidence, systemic factors involved in its aetiology and treatment with composite restorations, while a gap in knowledge was observed for extraction and sealants. Less studies were published on DMH/HSPM and most of them evaluated risk factors or prevalence/incidence. The gap of knowledge was observed in relation to treatments and patient's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This bibliometric review provided a comprehensive overview of research in MIH and DMH/HSPM over the past 19 years. Within the limitations of the present study, the following conclusions can be drawn: global trends point to an increasing peak of scientific publication, especially in the last decade, while there is a shortage of clinical studies on treatments, mainly evaluating tooth extractions. Finally the multifactorial nature should be further explored, considering environmental and systemic factors together.
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Affiliation(s)
- T da Costa Rosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil
| | - A V B Pintor
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil
| | - M B Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil
| | - G A Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil
| | - L C Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil
| | - A A Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-971, Brazil.
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Lygidakis NA, Garot E, Somani C, Taylor GD, Rouas P, Wong FSL. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:3-21. [PMID: 34669177 PMCID: PMC8926988 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To update the existing European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2010 policy document on the 'Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH).' METHODS Experts, assigned the EAPD, worked on two different topics: (A) Aetiological factors involved in MIH, and (B) Treatment options for the clinical management of MIH. The group prepared two detailed systematic reviews of the existing literature relevant to the topics and following a consensus process produced the updated EAPD policy document on the 'Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH).' The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence regarding aetiology and treatment which was judged as HIGH, MODERATE, LOW or VERY LOW, while the GRADE criteria were used to indicate the strength of recommendation regarding treatment options as STRONG or WEAK/CONDITIONAL. RESULTS (A) Regarding aetiology, it is confirmed that MIH has a multifactorial aetiology with the duration, strength and timing of occurrence of the aetiological factors being responsible for the variable clinical characteristics of the defect. Perinatal hypoxia, prematurity and other hypoxia related perinatal problems, including caesarean section, appear to increase the risk of having MIH, while certain infant and childhood illnesses are also linked with MIH. In addition, genetic predisposition and the role of epigenetic influences are becoming clearer following twin studies and genome and single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyses in patients and families. Missing genetic information might be the final key to truly understand MIH aetiology. (B) Regarding treatment options, composite restorations, preformed metal crowns and laboratory indirect restorations provide high success rates for the posterior teeth in appropriate cases, while scheduled extractions provide an established alternative option in severe cases. There is great need for further clinical and laboratory studies evaluating new materials and non-invasive/micro-invasive techniques for anterior teeth, especially when aesthetic and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) issues are concerned. CONCLUSIONS MIH has been studied more extensively in the last decade. Its aetiology follows the multifactorial model, involving systemic medical and genetic factors. Further focused laboratory research and prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate any additional factors and refine the model. Successful preventive and treatment options have been studied and established. The appropriate choice depends on the severity of the defects and the age of the patient. EAPD encourages the use of all available treatment options, whilst in severe cases, scheduled extractions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Lygidakis
- Private Paediatric Dental Clinic, 2 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - E Garot
- Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | - C Somani
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - G D Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Rouas
- Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | - F S L Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Tarannum, Ravichandra KS, Muppa R, Srikanth K, Kantipudi MJN, Ram KC. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Prevalence in the Schoolchildren of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:737-740. [PMID: 35110863 PMCID: PMC8783217 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren of the ages between 8 and 14 years of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2,250 children of ages between 8 and 14 years were selected randomly from different schools. After obtaining requisite permissions from Mandal Educational Officer (MEO), children was screened for the prevalence of MIH according to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003 diagnostic criteria and severity for MIH was examined using Wetzel and Reckel scale. RESULTS Prevalence of MIH was observed to be 2.1% with higher cases of mild severity and with no sex predilection (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce complications associated with MIH. Very few studies have been conducted in India and studies encompassing extensive population are warranted to better understand its etiology. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MIH lesions lead to carious development. Hence there is need to identify MIH in children as early as possible to reduce the clinical complications. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Tarannum, Ravichandra KS, Muppa R, et al. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Prevalence in the Schoolchildren of Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):737-740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarannum
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - KS Ravichandra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Muppa
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Koya Srikanth
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mrudhula JN Kantipudi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Drs Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Chaitanya Ram
- Department of Pedodontics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Emmatty TB, Eby A, Joseph MJ, Bijimole J, Kavita K, Asif I. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization of school children in and around Muvattupuzha, Kerala. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2020; 38:14-19. [PMID: 32174624 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_152_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental defect and has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Most of the prevalence studies of MIH have been carried out in the European countries; very little data are available from India. AIM The aim and objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MIH in 8-15-year-old Malayalee school children in and around Muvattupuzha, Kerala. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in 5318 healthy Malayalee school children aged between 8 and 15 years in and around Muvattupuzha. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first permanent molars (FPMs) and all permanent incisors were examined for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2003 diagnostic criteria. The severity of hypomineralization was recorded according to the Wetzel and Reckel scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0, and a comparison between groups was carried out using the Chi-square test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 216 children were diagnosed with MIH. The maximum MIH-affected tooth was found to be mandibular right FPM (186), followed by mandibular left FPM (172), maxillary left FPM (160), and maxillary right FPM (156). CONCLUSION The prevalence of MIH in permanent dentition of Malayalee school children in and around Muvattupuzha was 4.1%. Among the MIH-affected children, very few have undertaken dental treatment for the same. Hence, proper awareness and planned preventive and restorative programs are required to minimize the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharian B Emmatty
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Aluckal Eby
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Methippara John Joseph
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Jose Bijimole
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Kavita
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Ismail Asif
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
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Steffen R, Krämer N, Bekes K. The Würzburg MIH concept: the MIH treatment need index (MIH TNI). Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:355-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Analytical evidence of enamel hypomineralisation on permanent and primary molars amongst past populations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1712. [PMID: 28490768 PMCID: PMC5431767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) involve prevalent qualitative structural developmental anomalies of tooth enamel affecting the first permanent molars (and often incisors) and the second primary molars, respectively. These demarcated hypomineralised lesions of enamel manifest as white-cream or yellow-brown opacities, with possible post-eruptive localised loss of enamel. Aetiological hypotheses have involved contemporary life factors (i.e. environmental pollutant exposure or early childhood medications) in contrast to factors not limited to a specific time period (i.e. hypoxia at birth or genetic predisposition). Evidence of MIH in ancient populations would reinforce aetiological factors present for many centuries. By means of microtomographic and X-ray fluorescence analyses the present study provides evidence that (i) two archaeological specimens: “S407” (Sains-en-Gohelle, France, 12th–16th centuries) and “B335” (Beauvais, France, 15th–18th centuries) were MIH-affected, and (ii) one individual “S323” was affected by HSPM and MIH (Sains-en-Gohelle, France, 7th–11th centuries).
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Abstract
AIM To analyze the existing variability on molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence in the literature; to distinguish the various molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence rates in different countries, areas, and regions of the world; and to know the valid diagnostic criteria used for the correct identification of molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence. STUDY DESIGN A literature review from Medline and Cochrane Library online databases was performed using five terms individually or in combination. Articles not reporting diagnostic criteria employed and articles not written English were excluded. The results were analyzed by country, region, year of study, sample size, range of age, and prevalence rate. RESULTS A total of 37 articles in English were selected from 1987 to 2014 and from those only 14 employed the EAPD's 2003 diagnostic criteria. The reported age range varied from 5.5 to 17 years; the most frequently range used was 7 to 9 years. A wide prevalence range from 2.8% to 44% was found and 82.61% of the articles reported calibrated examiners. CONCLUSIONS Comparison among the results of the studies is difficult due to the use of different indexes and diagnostic criteria, the analysis variability, selection methods, and different age groups. In reality, we are probably far from knowing the real MIH prevalence.
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Garot E, Couture-Veschambre C, Manton D, Rodriguez V, Lefrais Y, Rouas P. Diagnostic guide enabling distinction between taphonomic stains and enamel hypomineralisation in an archaeological context. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:28-36. [PMID: 27865101 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a structural anomaly that affects the quality of tooth enamel and has important consequences for oral health. The developmentally hypomineralised enamel has normal thickness and can range in colour from white to yellow or brown with or without surface breakdown. The possibility of finding MIH in 'ancient populations' could downplay several current aetiological hypotheses (e.g., dioxin derivatives, bisphenols, antibiotics) without excluding the possible multifactorial aspect of the anomaly. In an archaeological context, chemical elements contained in the burial ground can stain teeth yellow or brown and therefore might create a taphonomic bias. The purpose of the present study is to test a proposed diagnostic guide enabling determination of the pathological or taphonomic cause of enamel discolouration and defects that resemble MIH present on 'ancient teeth'. DESIGN Two sample groups including MIH discoloration (n=12 teeth) from living patients, taphonomic discoloration (n=9 teeth) and unknown discoloration (n=2 teeth) from medieval specimens were tested. Three non-destructive methods-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence were utilised. RESULTS Hypomineralised enamel has decreased mineral density (p<0.0001) and increased phosphate/β-carbonate ratio (p<0.01) compared to normal enamel whereas relative concentrations of manganese, copper, iron and lead are similar. In taphonomic discoloration, relative concentrations of these elements are significantly different (p<0.05) to normal enamel whereas mineral density and Raman spectra profile are comparable. CONCLUSIONS Enamel hypomineralisation can be distinguished from taphonomic staining in archaeological teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Garot
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France.
| | | | - David Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yannick Lefrais
- Université Bordeaux Montaigne, CRP2A, UMR 5060, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Rouas
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
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Curzon MEJ, Ogden AR, Williams-Ward M, Cleaton-Jones PE. Case report: A medieval case of molar-incisor-hypomineralisation. Br Dent J 2016; 219:583-7. [PMID: 26679138 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) has been identified in recent years as a condition affecting the first permanent molars and, in some cases, the permanent incisors. Many factors have been suggested as to its aetiology. Examples of MIH have also been reported in skeletal remains in the past. These historical examples have, however, been for unknown individuals. CASE REPORT A skull that has become available for dental examination that is uncertainly attributed to be that of Lady Eleanor Talbot (c.1436-1468) who ended her life as a Carmelite nun in Norwich (England). The dental findings of the examination showed enamel defects of molar teeth 36 and 46, as well as small areas on other molars, and striations of the enamel of permanent anterior teeth consistent with MIH. There is exposure of the roots of some maxillary teeth with resultant root caries. The presence of areas of enamel decalcification commensurate with 'Turner teeth' on 43 and 44 indicates that there were likely to have been periapical abscesses secondary to dental caries of the primary teeth. In addition, there is occlusal wear of all of teeth with extensive calculus and periodontal exposure of the roots of the mandibular incisors. Failed development or very early ante-mortem loss of premolars 15 and 25 is evident, as well as evidence in the same region of a large abscess cavity with extensive maxillary bone destruction. Healing cribra orbitalia, porosity, which is considered to be an indicator of nutritional stress, is visible on the superior aspect of the left orbit. CONCLUSION A case of MIH is reported in a skull dating from the mid-15th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E J Curzon
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds
| | - A R Ogden
- Department of Biological Anthropology Research Centre, Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford
| | - M Williams-Ward
- Department of Archaeology, Norwich Castle Museum, Norwich, England
| | - P E Cleaton-Jones
- Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Subramaniam P, Gupta T, Sharma A. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in 7-9-year-old children of Bengaluru City, India. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:11-5. [PMID: 27041893 PMCID: PMC4792040 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.177091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental defect. The prevalence of MIH ranges widely from 2.4% to 40.2%. Aim: This study was under taken to determine the prevalence of MIH in 7–9-year-old children of Bengaluru City, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in a representative sample of 2500 school children aged 7–9 years of Bengaluru, India. Oral examination was carried out by a single trained calibrated examiner under natural daylight. Results: Twelve children (0.48%) were diagnosed with MIH. A total of 68 teeth were observed with MIH. All four first permanent molars were affected in 50% of children. In the molar group, mandibular molars (29.41%) were more frequently affected than maxillary molars (27.94%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH in 7–9-year-old children of Bengaluru was 0.48%, with no gender predilection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kühnisch J, Lauenstein A, Pitchika V, McGlynn G, Staskiewicz A, Hickel R, Grupe G. Was molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) present in archaeological case series? Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2387-2393. [PMID: 26780019 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With respect to the unknown aetiology of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), it is unclear whether this phenomenon was overlooked in the last century as a result of a high number of caries in children or if this developmental disorder was not present until then. Therefore, this study determined the presence of MIH in historical dentitions and teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental remains from late medieval (n = 191, twelfth-sixteenth century, Regensburg, Germany), post-medieval (n = 33, sixteenth-eighteenth century, Passau, Germany) and modern age archaeological skeletal series (n = 99, nineteenth-twentieth century, Altdorf, Germany) were examined for MIH. In addition, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), diffuse opacities, hypoplasia and Turner's teeth were documented. RESULTS MIH-related demarcated opacities or enamel breakdowns were found in only 15 (0.4 %) of the 3891 examined permanent teeth. Ten cases (3.1 %) from a total of 323 dentitions were classified as having MIH. In contrast, 98 individuals (30.3 %) showed LEH. Other enamel disorders were recorded in 64 individuals (19.8 %). CONCLUSION With respect to the low number of affected dentitions and teeth, MIH most likely did not exist or was at least rarely present in the investigated archaeological case series. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study supports the hypothesis that MIH may be linked to contemporary living conditions or other health-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kühnisch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anne Lauenstein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George McGlynn
- Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Staskiewicz
- Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Grupe
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kuscu OO, Sandalli N, Dikmen S, Ersoy O, Tatar I, Turkmen İ, Çaglar E. Association of amoxicillin use and molar incisor hypomineralization in piglets: Visual and mineral density evaluation. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1422-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parikh DR, Ganesh M, Bhaskar V. Prevalence and characteristics of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in the child population residing in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 13:21-6. [PMID: 22293101 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most prevalence studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) have been carried out in European countries and data from Asia especially south Asian populations are lacking. AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MIH in children residing in a western region of India. METHOD A cross-sectional survey including 1,366 children from 5 age cohorts, 8-12 years, studying in primary schools or attending the University Department, was carried out in the area of Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. The dental examination was performed by a single well-trained and calibrated examiner in day light conditions. Full mouth inspection of wet teeth was conducted using the EAPD 2003 criteria for diagnosis of MIH. Results were recorded and statistically analysed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Prevalence of MIH was 9.2% in the examined population. Males and females were equally affected. Among 12 index teeth involved in the examination, the most commonly affected were in descending order 46, 36, 16, 11 [FDI] and the least 42, 32, and 22. 17.4% of the cases revealed only molars involved, the remaining 72.6% having both molars and incisors affected; all four first permanent molars showed in 23% of the cases while no cases of only affected incisors were found. Of the MIH teeth 77.3% revealed mild defects and 22.7% severe defects. All incisors were mildly affected, as compared with only 67.1% of the molars, the remaining 32.9% being severely affected. As age increased, a statistically significant larger total number and severity level of affected teeth were recorded. CONCLUSION Prevalence of MIH using EAPD 2003 criteria was found to be similar to other studies evaluating children in different geographic locations such as Europe, South America etc. Using the EAPD standardised criteria, more studies should be conducted in other Indian regions, in order to further evaluate prevalence, characteristics and treatment needs for this clinically demanding condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Parikh
- Dept of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College, Gujarat, India.
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Martínez Gómez TP, Guinot Jimeno F, Bellet Dalmau LJ, Giner Tarrida L. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation observed using transillumination in a group of children from Barcelona (Spain). Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:100-9. [PMID: 21883558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to investigate the prevalence of the condition, by using transillumination, in a group of children. Analysed the prevalence with regard to gender, jaw affected, and the teeth that exhibited dysplasia most commonly. METHODS A sample of 550 children aged 6 to 14 years was selected at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, but among those selected only 505 children were eligible for inclusion in the study. The gender and age of the child, number of permanent teeth, number of teeth affected by MIH and their position were registered. RESULTS Ninety patients (17.85%) had MIH. Of these, 45 were girls (50%) and 45 were boys (50%). A total of 8062 permanent teeth were observed. Of these, 344 (4.2%) were affected by MIH. Of the teeth affected, 198 (57.7%) were located in the maxilla and 146 (42.4%) in the mandible. This result was statistically significant (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The population studied showed a prevalence of MIH of 17.8%. The presence of the defect did not differ according to sex in this population. Defects were more common among teeth in the maxilla.
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