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Girls suffer: the prevalence and predicting factors of emotional problems among adolescents during upper secondary school in Norway. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-021-09626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis longitudinal, quantitative survey examined factors predicting 1077 Norwegian adolescents` emotional problems during Upper Secondary School (grades I–III, approximately 16–19 years old) considering the following research question: “To what extent do students in Upper Secondary School experience emotional problems, and how are these problems predicted by gender, academic/social self-concept, coping beliefs, appearance pressure and school stress?”. The mentioned variables were scrutinized through analysis of frequencies, zero order correlations and structural equation modeling. Results verified previous findings that there was an increase in emotional problems for adolescents, especially among girls. Furthermore, the study results indicate that coping beliefs is a crucial factor when it comes to the perception of pressure and stress, and the subsequent development of emotional health problems.
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Colmsee ISO, Hank P, Bošnjak M. Low Self-Esteem as a Risk Factor for Eating Disorders. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Eating disorders are a major health concern and the identification of relevant risk factors is crucial for prevention. This meta-analysis aims to give insight into the relevance of low self-esteem in the development of pathological eating. Longitudinal and partial correlations were synthesized in a random-effects multilevel model. In total, 25 effect sizes were obtained from 13 primary studies. These mainly included females from late childhood to young adulthood. The results reveal a practically relevant effect of self-esteem on eating disorders ( r = −.23, ρ = −.09). This effect was significantly larger for females and for shorter time periods between measurements. Additionally, self-esteem and eating disorders are both temporally stable. It is concluded that low self-esteem acts as a universal risk factor for different eating disorders. Limitations are due to the reliance on bivariate correlations and a small number of effect sizes. The necessity of more high-quality research in this field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Hank
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Michael Bošnjak
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information (ZPID), Trier, Germany
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Richardson CE, Magson NR, Fardouly J, Oar EL, Forbes MK, Johnco CJ, Rapee RM. Longitudinal Associations between Coping Strategies and Psychopathology in Pre-adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:1189-1204. [PMID: 33118093 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Much of the literature investigating the association between coping and psychopathology is cross-sectional, or associations have been investigated in a unidirectional manner; hence, bidirectionality between coping and psychopathology remains largely untested. To address this gap, this study investigated bidirectional relations between coping and psychopathology during pre-adolescence. Participants (N = 532, 51% male) and their primary caregiver both completed questionnaires assessing pre-adolescents' coping (i.e., avoidant, problem solving, social support seeking) and symptoms of psychopathology (i.e., generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, eating pathology) in Wave 1 (Mage = 11.18 years, SD = 0.56, range = 10-12) and Wave 2 (Mage = 12.18 years, SD = 0.53, range = 11-13, 52% male), one year later. Cross-lagged panel models showed child-reported avoidant coping predicted increases in symptoms of generalized and social anxiety, and eating pathology. In separate child and parent models, symptoms of depression predicted increases in avoidant coping. Greater parent-reported child depressive symptoms also predicted decreases in problem solving coping. Taken together, results suggest unique longitudinal associations between coping and psychopathology in pre-adolescence, with avoidant coping preceding increases in symptoms of anxiety and eating pathology, and depressive symptoms predicting later increases in maladaptive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cele E Richardson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Sleep Science, School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Natasha R Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carly J Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Groth N, Schnyder N, Kaess M, Markovic A, Rietschel L, Moser S, Michel C, Schultze-Lutter F, Schmidt SJ. Coping as a mediator between locus of control, competence beliefs, and mental health: A systematic review and structural equation modelling meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther 2019; 121:103442. [PMID: 31430689 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and two-staged structural equation modelling meta-analysis (TSSEM) aimed to examine whether coping mediates the associations between locus of control, competence beliefs, and mental health in the general population and clinical samples. METHODS Eligible studies published until May 2017 were identified through systematic searches of PubMED and EMBASE. The review included 19 studies and the meta-analysis 15 studies. RESULTS The review supports the assumption that coping mediates the associations between locus of control and competence beliefs, and mental health. TSSEM using a pooled sample of 3986 respondents and 225 cross-sectional effect sizes indicated that maladaptive coping mediates the association between maladaptive locus of control and mental health problems. On the contrary, adaptive coping did not mediate this association and was only significantly associated with competence beliefs and adaptive locus of control but, unexpectedly, not with mental health. Both maladaptive and adaptive locus of control but not competence beliefs had direct links to mental health problems that were independent of coping. CONCLUSION Interventions should not only focus on enhancing adaptive coping as it might be more promising to diminish maladaptive locus of control, which may result in reduced maladaptive coping and, finally, improved mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Groth
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Schnyder
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andjela Markovic
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Liz Rietschel
- SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany, Maaßstrasse 32/1, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Susann Moser
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Haus A, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Farrow CV, Fox CL. Gender differences in the relationships between bullying at school and unhealthy eating and shape-related attitudes and behaviours. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 81:409-20. [PMID: 21770912 DOI: 10.1348/000709910x525804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Previous research has found links between being a victim of bullying and reporting more unhealthy eating behaviours and cognitions, particularly in girls. However, little is known about the factors that might mediate these relationships. AIM. The present study compared the relationships between bullying, emotional adjustment, restrained eating, and body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls. SAMPLE/METHOD. Self-report data were collected from a sample of 11- to 14-year-olds (N= 376) on experiences of bullying, emotional symptoms, and unhealthy eating and shape-related attitudes and behaviours. RESULTS. Bullying, emotional symptoms, restrained eating, and body dissatisfaction were all correlated. Emotional symptoms were found to significantly mediate the relationships between verbal bullying with body dissatisfaction in girls but not in boys. CONCLUSIONS. Findings suggest that the experience of being verbally bullied places adolescent girls at risk of developing emotional problems which can then lead to body dissatisfaction. Longitudinal research is necessary to disentangle these pathways in more detail to facilitate the development of informed interventions to support children who are being bullied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Farrow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
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