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Empowering Melatonin Therapeutics with Drosophila Models. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040067. [PMID: 34698120 PMCID: PMC8544433 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a central regulator of cell and organismal function as well as a neurohormone involved in several processes, e.g., the regulation of the circadian rhythm, sleep, aging, oxidative response, and more. As such, it holds immense pharmacological potential. Receptor-mediated melatonin function mainly occurs through MT1 and MT2, conserved amongst mammals. Other melatonin-binding proteins exist. Non-receptor-mediated activities involve regulating the mitochondrial function and antioxidant cascade, which are frequently affected by normal aging as well as disease. Several pathologies display diseased or dysfunctional mitochondria, suggesting melatonin may be used therapeutically. Drosophila models have extensively been employed to study disease pathogenesis and discover new drugs. Here, we review the multiple functions of melatonin through the lens of functional conservation and model organism research to empower potential melatonin therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative and renal diseases.
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Meng Y, Tao Z, Zhou S, Da W, Tao L. Research Hot Spots and Trends on Melatonin From 2000 to 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:753923. [PMID: 34917024 PMCID: PMC8669723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on melatonin remains one of the major hot spots in the field of disease treatment, but relevant data are numerous. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the progress of melatonin research through the method of bibliometrics and to predict hot spots and trends in melatonin research. This study retrieved all the studies on melatonin from 2000 to 2019 in the Web of Science and PubMed and analysed the publishing trends in the literature on a bibliometric online analysis platform and CiteSpace software. The research results were also visually analysed to summarize melatonin research hot spots through gCLUTO and pubMR. The study retrieved a total of 20,351 publications, of which the number of US publications ranked first, accounting for 21.46%, with the greatest impact (centrality = 0.31). The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and Harvard University had the highest average number of citations at 43.19 and 33.96, respectively. Journal of Pineal Research had the highest average number of citations in 2,993 journals. Professor Reiter made the largest contribution to this area. We further analysed 100 highly cited articles for clinical applications and ongoing related clinical drug trials based on the first hot spot. We systematically analysed melatonin for nearly 20 years while predicting the main research trends in the future, which may provide new directions and ideas for melatonin research. The structure and normal physiological functions of melatonin have been intensively studied in the past few years. And clinical application research and target of melatonin treatment for different diseases and target-based drug design will certainly become the focus of melatonin research.
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Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030609. [PMID: 32019204 PMCID: PMC7037223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown that AEDG peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, Epitalon) regulates the function of the pineal gland, the retina, and the brain. AEDG peptide increases longevity in animals and decreases experimental cancerogenesis. AEDG peptide induces neuronal cell differentiation in retinal and human periodontal ligament stem cells. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of AEDG peptide on neurogenic differentiation gene expression and protein synthesis in human gingival mesenchymal stem cells, and to suggest the basis for the epigenetic mechanism of this process. AEDG peptide increased the synthesis of neurogenic differentiation markers: Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III, Doublecortin in hGMSCs. AEDG peptide increased Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III and Doublecortin mRNA expression by 1.6–1.8 times in hGMSCs. Molecular modelling method showed, that AEDG peptide preferably binds with H1/6 and H1/3 histones in His-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Met-Ala-His-Pro-Ala-Arg-Lys and Tyr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Gln sites, which interact with DNA. These results correspond to previous experimental data. AEDG peptide and histones H1/3, H1/6 binding may be one of the mechanisms which provides an increase of Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III, and Doublecortin neuronal differentiation gene transcription. AEDG peptide can epigenetically regulate neuronal differentiation gene expression and protein synthesis in human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Khavinson
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (E.M.); (S.T.)
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb., 6, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.); (S.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (E.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (E.M.); (S.T.)
- Academy of postgraduate education under FSBU FSCC of FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskaya r., 91, 125371 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-921-311-4210
| | - Svetlana Trofimova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (E.M.); (S.T.)
- Academy of postgraduate education under FSBU FSCC of FMBA of Russia, Volokolamskaya r., 91, 125371 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.); (S.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.); (S.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Bruna Sinjari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (O.T.); (S.C.); (B.S.)
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Caputi S, Trubiani O, Sinjari B, Trofimova S, Diomede F, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Khavinson V. Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419828613. [PMID: 30791821 PMCID: PMC6376556 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419828613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that short peptides play an important role in the transmission of biological information, modulation of transcription, and restoring genetically conditioned alterations occurring with age. Peptidergic regulation of homeostasis occupies an important place in physiological processes, which lead to the aging of cells, tissues, and organs, consisting in the involution of major regulatory systems-the nervous, the endocrine, and the immune. The effect of AED (Ala-Glu-Asp), KED (Lys-Glu-Asp), KE (Lys-Glu), AEDG (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) peptides and their compound on neuronal differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) was studied by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), which implements neurotransmission mechanisms and neuroplasticity, demonstrated an increased expression in hPDLSCs cultured with a compound of all studied peptides and with KED alone. The peptide compound and KED, increase the expression of Nestin (neurofilament protein), expressed in early neuronal precursors in hPDLSCs cultures. Thus, the compound of peptides AEDG, KE, AED, and KED could promote the neuronal differentiation of hPDLSCs and be a promising tool for the study of peptides as a modulator of neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases studied in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Caputi
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruna Sinjari
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Svetlana Trofimova
- 2 Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Francesca Diomede
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Linkova
- 2 Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,3 Department of Medical Physic, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Diatlova
- 2 Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,3 Department of Medical Physic, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Khavinson
- 2 Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,4 Group of Peptide Regulation of Ageing, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology 2009; 11:139-49. [PMID: 19830585 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review comprises the results of author's long-term investigation in the mechanisms of aging and a role of peptide bioregulators in prevention of age-related pathology. A number of small peptides have been isolated from different organs and tissues and their analogues (di-, tri-, tetrapeptides) were synthesized from the amino acids. It was shown that long-term treatment with some peptide preparations increased mean life span by 20-40%, slow down the age-related changes in the biomarkers of aging and suppressed development of spontaneous and induced by chemical or radiation carcinogens tumorigenesis in rodents. Possible mechanisms of the biological effects of small peptides are discussed in the paper. The results of clinical applications of peptide preparation during the period of 6-12 years are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Leningradskaya Str. 68, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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