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Li P, Zhang D, Liao C, Lin G, Wang Q, Du X. Construction and validation of a metabolism-related prognostic model for thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103943. [PMID: 37331127 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common pathological process of cancer. Expression of metabolism-related genes differs in thyroid cancer (TC) patients with different prognoses. This work committed to constructing a prognostic model for TC through identifying metabolism-related signatures. Expression profiles of mRNAs and clinical data of TC, were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differential analysis was performed on mRNA expression profiles. The obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped with metabolism-related genes from MSigDB database to acquire metabolism-related DEGs. Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator analyses were performed to ascertain feature genes and to build a prognostic model for TC. The model was evaluated comprehensively through survival curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Cox regression analyses combining varying clinical information. 7 key genes related to metabolism, including AWAT2, GGT6, ENTPD1, PAPSS2, CYP26A, ACY3 and PLA2G10, were identified, based on which a prognostic model was constructed. The survival analysis indicated that high-risk group presented shorter survival time than low-risk group. ROC curve results exhibited that AUC values of 3-year and 5-year survival of TC patients were both >0.70. Besides, GSEA on high/low-risk groups revealed that DEGs were mainly gathered in biological functions and signaling pathways linked with keratan sulfate catabolism and triglyceride catabolism. Combined with clinical information, Cox regression analyses unveiled that the 7-gene prognostic model can be an independent predictor. In conclusion, this model can effectively predict prognoses of TC patients, and also offer guidance for clinical treatment of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Dejie Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Chuntao Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guoliang Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Qicai Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xinjie Du
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China.
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2
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Lima-Antoine L, de Sousa Alves Neri JL, de Melo TCT, Leite ISF, da Costa Santos DM, de Araújo JNG, da Costa Lemos Silva AG, de Araújo NK, de Oliveira Ramos CC, de Miranda Henriques Tarrapp SR, Luchessi AD, de Oliveira Lyra C, da Silva Ribeiro KD, Silbiger VN. Histopathological prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with nutritional status of vitamins A and E. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:469-476. [PMID: 34230633 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Experimental and clinical studies have shown that vitamins A and E can inhibit cancer formation and progression. The unfavourable status of these vitamins can represent risk factors for the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the nutritional status of vitamins A and E (serum levels and dietary intake) and histopathological outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS We applied a cross-sectional study (2017-2018) and quantified retinol (ROH) and α-tocopherol (TOH) serum levels and vitamins dietary intake of 46 PTC patients. Serum vitamins were quantified by high efficiency liquid chromatography and vitamins dietary intake was analyzed by 24-hr dietary recalls. RESULTS Patients with lower ROH serum levels were more likely to present lymph node metastasis and/or angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.025). In addition, higher vitamin A and vitamin E intake are related to the absence of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.013) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007), respectively. Our findings suggest that a ROH serum level greater than 2.65 μmol/L in PTC patients may be a protective factor against the presence of lymph node metastasis and angiolymphatic invasion. In addition, vitamin A and E intake may protect against extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS A favourable nutritional status (higher serum levels and/or intake) of vitamin A and E may be associated with less aggressive tumours in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lima-Antoine
- Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jéssica Nayara Góes de Araújo
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Kelly de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andre Ducati Luchessi
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Postgraduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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3
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Giuli MV, Hanieh PN, Giuliani E, Rinaldi F, Marianecci C, Screpanti I, Checquolo S, Carafa M. Current Trends in ATRA Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E707. [PMID: 32731612 PMCID: PMC7465813 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. It is critically involved in the regulation of multiple processes, such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, by activating specific genomic pathways or by influencing key signaling proteins. Furthermore, mounting evidence highlights the anti-tumor activity of this compound. Notably, oral administration of ATRA is the first choice treatment in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) in adults and NeuroBlastoma (NB) in children. Regrettably, the promising results obtained for these diseases have not been translated yet into the clinics for solid tumors. This is mainly due to ATRA-resistance developed by cancer cells and to ineffective delivery and targeting. This up-to-date review deals with recent studies on different ATRA-loaded Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) development and application on several tumor models. Moreover, patents, pre-clinical, and clinical studies are also reviewed. To sum up, the main aim of this in-depth review is to provide a detailed overview of the several attempts which have been made in the recent years to ameliorate ATRA delivery and targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Giuli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Patrizia Nadia Hanieh
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (F.R.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (F.R.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (F.R.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (F.R.); (C.M.); (M.C.)
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4
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Huang TY, Peng SF, Huang YP, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY, Tang CH, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Huang WW, Chung JG. Combinational treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)-induced apoptosis in liver cancer Hep3B cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13122. [PMID: 31837044 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two-drug combination, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), on apoptosis induction of liver cancer cells were investigated in human liver Hep 3B cells. Two-drug combination caused a more effective decrease in cell viability and in induction of S phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis than that of ATRA or BDMC only. Also, the two-drug combination caused more cells to undergo significantly increased ROS productions when compared to that of ATRA or BDMC only. Results of Western blotting demonstrated that two-drug combination increased expressions of Fas, pro-apoptotic proteins, and active form of caspase-3 and -9, but decreased that of anti-apoptotic proteins and XIAP than that of ATRA or BDMC only in Hep 3B cells. In conclusion, ATRA combined with BDMC enhance cell apoptosis and associated protein expression in Hep 3B cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) derived from natural plants, turmeric (Curcuma longa), which had been used for Asia food for thousands of years. All-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) is currently used as a primary treatment for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. In previous study, ATRA and BDMC were reported to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Our results showed that treatment of ATRA combined with BDMC showed more effectively apoptosis than that of ATRA or BDMC only in Hep 3B cells. The findings also provided possible pathways concerning the induction of liver cancer cell apoptosis. We conclude that ATRA combined with BDMC may be potent anticancer agents or adjuvants for liver cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Shi G, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Xing F. All-trans retinoic acid reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel-resistant cells by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and upregulating gap junctions. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:379-388. [PMID: 30375704 PMCID: PMC6317959 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but development of resistance leads to treatment failure. Tumor cells that are treated with a sublethal dose of paclitaxel for a long period of time show the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which leads to metastasis and resistance. All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is always used in combination with paclitaxel and can reverse EMT in many types of cancer cells. The ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in chemoresistant cells is still unknown. In the present study, the ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in paclitaxel‐resistant cells was investigated. Three colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116, LoVo and CT26, were treated with sublethal doses of paclitaxel to create resistant cell lines. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and “parachute” dye‐coupling assays showed that ATRA reverses EMT, inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κΒ), and upregulates gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Scratch wound‐healing and Transwell assays showed that ATRA decreases the migration and invasion abilities of paclitaxel‐resistant cells. In addition, the CT26 cell line was used in the Balb/c pulmonary metastasis model to show that ATRA reduces metastasis of paclitaxel‐resistant cells in vivo. Given these data, ATRA may reverse EMT by inhibiting NF‐κΒ and upregulating gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Shi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiaojing Wu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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6
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Zhao L, Ma M, Wu H, Zhang C, Dai S, Dong P, Huo B, Shan B. p-Hydroxylcinnamaldehyde slows the progression of 4NQO-induced oesophageal tumourigenesis via the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1319-1331. [PMID: 29873419 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p-Hydroxylcinnamaldehyde isolated from the Cochinchina momordica seed (CMSP) has been identified to inhibit growth and metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by inducing differentiation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of CMSP on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oesophageal tumourigenesis. In the present study, a mouse model of oesophageal preneoplastic lesions was established by providing 4NQO-containing drinking water to C57BL/6 mice. The effect of CMSP on tumourigenesis induced by the chemical mutagen and the effect of CMSP on immune function were investigated. The results showed that the incidence and pathological stage of atypical hyperplasia in oesophageal tissues were significantly reduced in CMSP-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Immunohistochemistry and pull-down assay results revealed that the expression levels of p-ERK1/2, p-SAPK/JNK, and GTP-RhoA were significantly decreased in the oesophageal tissue of CMSP-treated mice. In addition, the proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were increased, while the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased, in the peripheral blood of CMSP-treated mice. These results indicated that CMSP could hamper 4NQO-induced oesophageal tumourigenesis by regulating the RhoA-ERK/JNK signaling pathway and promoting immune system function, thus providing a new potential strategy for treating preneoplastic lesions of the oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.,Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Suli Dai
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Pei Dong
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Bingjie Huo
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
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7
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Yen GC, Tsai CM, Lu CC, Weng CJ. Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:940-964. [PMID: 29976413 PMCID: PMC9303016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From several decades ago to now, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. For health benefits, there is a great desire to use non-chemical therapy such as nutraceutical supplementation to prevent pathology development. Over 10,000 different natural bioactives or phytochemicals have been known that possessing potential preventive or supplementary effects for various diseases including cancer. Previously, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities of phenolic acids, monophenol, polyphenol and their derivatives and flavonoids and their derivatives have been reviewed. However, a vast number of natural dietary compounds other than phenolics have been demonstrated to potentially possess the ability to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the studies in recent decade on in vitro and in vivo effects and molecular mechanisms of natural bioactives, excluding the phenolics in food, in cancer invasion and metastasis. By combining this review of non-phenolics with the previous phenolics reviews, the puzzle for the contribution of natural dietary bioactives on cancer invasive or/and metastatic progress will be almost complete and more clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Man Tsai
- Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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8
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Lan L, Basourakos S, Cui D, Zuo X, Deng W, Huo L, Chen H, Zhang G, Deng L, Shi B, Luo Y. ATRA increases iodine uptake and inhibits the proliferation and invasiveness of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma SW1736 cells: Involvement of β-catenin phosphorylation inhibition. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7733-7738. [PMID: 29344218 PMCID: PMC5755144 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) can enhance iodine uptake capability of thyroid tumors, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ATRA on isotope susceptibility, proliferation and invasion of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and potential mechanisms. SW1736 cells were treated with 1 µmol/l ATRA or 1% ethanol for 5 days. A cell line stably expressing β-catenin-shRNA was established. An iodine uptake assay was performed using 125I. Proliferation and invasiveness were tested using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), sodium/iodine symporter (NIS) and proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cells pretreated with ATRA were injected subcutaneously into SCID mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 131I once on the first day of treatment, and tumor growth was then assessed. After 35 days of 131I treatment, ATRA-pretreated tumor volume and weight were decreased compared with the 131I alone group (163.32±19.57 vs. 332.06±21.37 mm3; 0.35±0.14 vs. 0.67±0.23 g, both P<0.05). Similar results were observed in the β-catenin shRNA-pretreated tumors. ATRA also increased the uptake of iodine by SW1736 cells (P<0.01), and similar results were observed in β-catenin shRNA cells. ATRA treatment decreased the cell proliferation and invasion compared with control cells (all P<0.05), similar to β-catenin shRNA. ATRA treatment decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p-)β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, vimentin, and fibronectin, and increased the expression of NIS and E-cadherin, compared with the control. ATRA increased the iodine uptake and inhibited the proliferation and invasion of SW1736 cells, involving β-catenin phosphorylation. In conclusion, ATRA could be used to improve the isotope sensitivity of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Spyros Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary, Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Zuo
- Department of Genitourinary, Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Lili Huo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Genitourinary, Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Zuo L, Yang X, Lu M, Hu R, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Chen F, Gui S, Wang Y. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer Cells RKO Migration via Downregulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression through MAPK Signaling Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1225-33. [PMID: 27564600 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1216138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits the invasive and metastatic potentials of various cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ATRA inhibited colorectal cancer cells RKO (human colon adenocarcinoma cell) migration by downregulating cell movement and increasing cell adhesion. ATRA inhibited the expression and activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in RKO cells, while the expression level of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) had no change in RKO cells treated with or without ATRA. The expression and activity of MLC was also inhibited in RKO cells exposed to ATRA. Intriguingly, ATRA increased the expression of occludin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and its localization on cell membrane. However, ATRA did not change the expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), but increased the accumulation of ZO-1 on RKO cells membrane. ML-7, an inhibitor of MLCK, significantly inhibited RKO cell migration. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous MLCK expression inhibited RKO migration. Mechanistically, we showed that MAPK-specific inhibitor PD98059 enhanced the inhibitory effect of ATRA on RKO migration. In contrast, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) attenuated the effects of ATRA in RKO cells. Moreover, knocking down endogenous extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression inhibited MLCK expression in the RKO cells. In conclusion, ATRA inhibits RKO migration by reducing MLCK expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Man Lu
- b Department of Reproductive Center , The People's Liberation Army 105 Hospital , Anhui , China
| | - Ruolei Hu
- c Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- c Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- c Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Qing Zhou
- c Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Feihu Chen
- d College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , China
| | - Shuyu Gui
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- f Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry , Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Disease of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , China
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Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Farshori NN. Novel all trans-retinoic Acid derivatives: cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Molecules 2015; 20:8181-97. [PMID: 25961160 PMCID: PMC6272518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the pharmacological potential of ATRA (all trans-retinoic acid), a series of retinamides and a 1-(retinoyl)-1,3-dicyclohexylurea compound were prepared by reacting ATRA with long chain alkyl or alkenyl fatty amines by using a 4-demethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-catalyzed N,N¢-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling. The successful synthesis of the target compounds was demonstrated using a range of spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was measured along with their ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (liver cancer) and normal human cell line HEK293 (embryonic kidney). The results of cytotoxicity and flow cytometry data showed that the compounds had a moderate to strong effect against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells and were less toxic to HEK293 cells. N-oleyl-retinamide was found to be the most potent anticancer agent and was more effective against MCF-7 cells than HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Saad Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai Mohammad Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maqsood Ahmed Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Nida Nayyar Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Liang C, Yang L, Guo S. All- trans retinoic acid inhibits migration, invasion and proliferation, and promotes apoptosis in glioma cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2833-2838. [PMID: 26137156 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A that can induce differentiation and apoptosis, as well as inhibit proliferation, in glioma cells. However, the effect of ATRA on the migration and invasiveness of glioma remains poorly understood. In addition, although it is universally accepted that ATRA can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in glioma cells, the association between the concentration and effects of ATRA remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of ATRA treatment on the migration, invasion, apoptosis and proliferation of glioma cells. The U87 and SHG44 glioma cell lines were treated with various concentrations of ATRA, consisting of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µmol/l. A scratch wound healing assay and a Matrigel invasion assay were used to investigate cell migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in each cell treatment group. Following treatment with ATRA, the migration, invasion and proliferation of the glioma cells were significantly inhibited, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased compared with that of the blank control group. Furthermore, a dose-effect association was identified between each effects and ATRA treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 in U87 glioma cells was not significantly affected following treatment with low concentrations of ATRA, consisting of 5 and 10 µmol/l ATRA, compared with the expression in the control group (P>0.05). However, treatment with high concentrations of ATRA, consisting of 20 and 40 µmol/l ATRA, significantly downregulated the expression levels of MMP-2 in U87 cells. In contrast to U87 cells, the administration of ATRA treatment to SHG44 glioma cells resulted in a significant and dose-dependent downregulation in MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression (P<0.01). In addition, significant downregulation of MMP-9 expression was identified in the two glioma cell lines (P<0.01). The results of the present study indicate that treatment with ATRA may inhibit migration, invasion and proliferation, and promote apoptosis in glioma cells. Furthermore, the current study indicates that the inhibition of glioma cell invasion by ATRA may be partially associated with its effect ability to downregulate MMP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Aeromedical Physical Examination, Xi'an Civil Aviation Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Lei FY, Zhou TB, Qin YH, Chen XP, Li ZY. Potential signal pathway of all-trans retinoic acid for MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in injury podocyte induced by adriamycin. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:378-85. [PMID: 24694005 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.904873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) can regulate some specific genes expression in various tissue and cells via nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), including three subtypes: retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-α), retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR-β) and retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RAR-γ). Podocyte injury plays a pivotal role in the progression of glomerulosclerosis (GS). This study was performed to study the potential signal pathway of ATRA in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in injury podocyte. Cells were divided into three groups: group of negative control (NC), group of injury podocyte induced by adriamycin (ADR) (AI) and group of ADR inducing podocyte injury model treated with ATRA (AA). The cells morphology changes were detected using microscope and scanning electron microscopy. MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymic activity was detected using the gelatin zymography method. Protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, RAR-α, RAR-β and RAR-γ were measured by western-blot and real-time RT-PCR. Enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in group AA was significantly enhanced compared to AI group after ATRA-treated 24 h (p < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 in group AA were significantly increased than those in group AI at both 12 and 24 h time points (p < 0.05). Compared to group AI, RAR-α and RAR-γ protein/mRNA expressions of group AA were significantly increased at both 12 and 24 h time points (p < 0.05). There was no difference for the expression of RAR-β between group AI and group AA (p > 0.05). RAR-α protein level was positively correlated with MMP-2 or MMP-9 protein expression (p < 0.05), and RAR-γ protein level was also positively correlated with MMP-2 or MMP-9 protein expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ATRA may increase expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by the potential signal pathway of RAR-α and RAR-γ in injury podocyte induced by adriamycin, but not RAR-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , NanNing , China and
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13
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Wang N, Ge JF, Pan CX, Peng XQ, Chen HH, Wang XQ, Tang J, Hu W, Chen FH. Anti-tumor effect of 4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via up-regulation of retinoid receptor-induced gene-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:687-92. [PMID: 23807003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate (ATPR) is one of the retinoid derivatives designed and synthesized in our team. In this paper, we explored the potential anti-tumor effects of ATPR in breast cancer. Here we found that ATPR showed remarkable anti-proliferative effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner, caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly increased the expression of retinoid receptor-induced gene-1 (RRIG1). ATPR decreased the expression of phosphorylation-ERK (p-ERK) and increased the expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and phosphorylation-p38 (p-p38). Following RRIG1 knockdown by RNAi interference, we found that the changes of ERβ, p-ERK and p-p38 induced by ATPR were both depressed. Our data suggest that ATPR could inhibit the proliferation and induce differentiation of MCF-7 cells via mediating the expression of RRIG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, PR China
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Oldridge EE, Walker HF, Stower MJ, Simms MS, Mann VM, Collins AT, Pellacani D, Maitland NJ. Retinoic acid represses invasion and stem cell phenotype by induction of the metastasis suppressors RARRES1 and LXN. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e45. [PMID: 23588494 PMCID: PMC3641360 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse haematopoietic stem cell (SC) regulator Latexin (LXN) is the only known homologue of the retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) gene. Both genes lie adjacent on chromosome 3 and differ mostly by the presence of a transmembrane domain in RARRES1. Despite their homology, it is not known whether they possess similar regulatory mechanisms, cellular localization and function. Here, we identified RARRES1 and LXN as highly significantly downregulated genes in human prostate SCs, whose expression was induced by the pro-differentiation agent all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). AtRA induced expression in the most differentiated cells compared with the SC fraction, suggesting that this subpopulation was less responsive to atRA. Small interfering RNA suppression of RARRES1 and LXN enhanced the SC properties of primary prostate cultures, as shown by a significant increase in their colony-forming ability. Expression of both RARRES1 and LXN was co-ordinately repressed by DNA methylation in prostate cancer cell lines and inhibition of RARRES1 and LXN increased the invasive capacity of primary prostate cultures, which also fully rescued an inhibitory effect induced by atRA. Moreover, we showed that RARRES1 and LXN reside within different sub-cellular compartments, providing evidence that RARRES1 is not a plasma membrane protein as previously supposed but is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum; whereas LXN was detected in the nucleus of prostate epithelial cells. Thus, LXN and RARRES1 are potential tumour suppressor genes, which are co-ordinately regulated, SC-silenced genes functioning to suppress invasion and colony-forming ability of prostate cancer cells; yet the proteins reside within different sub-cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Oldridge
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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15
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Woo YJ, Jang KL. All-trans retinoic acid activates E-cadherin expression via promoter hypomethylation in the human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:944-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Zhou TB, Qin YH. The potential mechanism for the different expressions of gelatinases induced by all-trans retinoic acid in different cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 32:129-33. [PMID: 22475041 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.672992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gelatinases include matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The increased expressions of gelatinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of cell injury and cell death. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an import biological agent which can regulate the expressions of gelatinases and take part in cell injury and cell death. ATRA exerts its biological effect by the high-affinity binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs). The RARs consist of three isoforms: RAR-α, RAR-β and RAR-γ. However, it is interesting that the effect of ATRA on the expressions of gelatinases is different in different cells. There is no report to explore the possible mechanism for it at present. In this context, we review the published reports and draw a hypothesis that: (i) The distributions of RARs isoforms are different in different cells; (ii) ATRA activates the different RARs isoforms in different cells; (iii) The roles of different RARs isoforms for regulating the expression of MMP-2 or MMP-9 are different in different cells. So, ATRA takes a different function on the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in different cells. Once the potential strategy can be successfully confirmed, it would be prone to comprehend why the ATRA regulates the different expressions of gelatinases in different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nan Ning, China.
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Malehmir M, Haghpanah V, Larijani B, Ahmadian S, Alimoghaddam K, Heshmat R, Ghavamzadeh A, Adabi K, Ghaffari SH. Multifaceted suppression of aggressive behavior of thyroid carcinoma by all-trans retinoic acid induced re-differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:260-9. [PMID: 21924320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Since all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has shown promising results in differentiation therapy, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ATRA on thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate the effectiveness of ATRA in redifferentiation induction of thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, we investigated cell growth rate, morphological and nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio, adherent-dependent growth, response to chemotherapy drug following differentiation, T3 and T4 measurement, and critical genes expression pattern. Papillary cell line showed more growth inhibition by ATRA, in addition, mesenchymal and spindle-shape of 8305C cells changed to polygonal. Additionally, high nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio of anaplastic decreased significantly. Redifferentiation significantly suppressed the anchorage-dependent growth in the both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, potentiated the arsenic trioxide (ATO) effects in anaplastic and papillary cell lines. Furthermore, reduction in the expression of stemness, and invasion related genes was observed in the both cell lines. Altogether, ATRA treatment could hold the aggressive behavior of thyroid carcinoma in restraint and/or potentiate the effect of chemotherapy drug ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Malehmir
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bayrak OF, Aydemir E, Gulluoglu S, Sahin F, Sevli S, Yalvac ME, Acar H, Ozen M. The effects of chemotherapeutic agents on differentiated chordoma cells. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 15:620-4. [PMID: 21905773 DOI: 10.3171/2011.7.spine10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Chordoma is a rare type of malignant bone tumor and is known to arise from the remnants of the notochord. Resistance to chemotherapy makes the treatment of chordoma difficult; therefore, new approaches need to be developed to cure this disease. Differentiation therapy, using various differentiating agents, is attracting oncologists as a common therapeutic method to treat other tumors. Based on forcing cells to mature into other lineages, differentiation therapy might be an available method to treat chordomas in addition to conventional therapies. METHODS In this study a chordoma cell line, U-CH1, was exposed to several chemotherapeutic agents including vincristine, doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, fludarabine, methotrexate, nilotinib, and imatinib mesylate under appropriate conditions. The first group of U-CH1 cells was exposed to drugs only and the second group of cells was exposed to the simultaneous treatment of 1 μM all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapeutic agents in differentiation therapy. The efficacy of the differentiation method was assessed by measuring the viability of U-CH1 cells. RESULTS Vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and fludarabine, each at a concentration of 10 μM, decreased the number of chordoma cells when given alone down to 11%, 0%, 30%, 67%, and 3%, respectively. Etoposide and cisplatin, each at a concentration of 10 μM, reduced the percentage of viable chordoma cells in a more effective way when given with 1 μM ATRA simultaneously, reducing the number of viable cells to 14% and 9%, respectively. On the other hand, imatinib and nilotinib, each at a concentration of 3 μM, as well as 10 μM methotrexate, showed no decrease in the number of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that chordoma cells may be treated using the differentiation method in a more effective way than when they are treated with chemotherapeutic agents alone. This new approach may be an alternative method to conventional therapies in the treatment of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul.
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Kojic SL, Strugnell SS, Wiseman SM. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of novel therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:387-402. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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22
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Nowicki TS, Kummer NT, Iacob C, Suslina N, Schaefer S, Schantz S, Shin E, Moscatello AL, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Inhibition of uPAR and uPA reduces invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:1383-90. [PMID: 20578104 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS We analyzed the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and normal thyroid tissue and examined in vitro how uPA and uPAR contribute to an invasive/metastatic phenotype, and the functional consequences of inhibiting this system. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review of PTC patients, followed by prospective study using previously obtained patient tissue and PTC cellular models. METHODS uPA and uPAR RNA and protein levels were analyzed in PTC patient tissue samples, PTC and normal thyroid tissue culture cells, and conditioned media (CM) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and/or Western blotting. The plasminogen-activating ability of CM was examined using dark-quenched casein fluorimetry and casein-plasminogen gel zymography. The invasive potentials of the PTC and normal thyroid epithelial cell lines were assessed using an in vitro cellular invasion/migration system. RESULTS uPA and uPAR RNA and protein levels were increased in PTC patient samples and PTC cells relative to controls. uPA and uPAR RNA were also significantly higher in patients with metastatic disease. Casein-plasminogen zymography and Western blotting demonstrated increased active uPA secreted by PTC cells compared with normal thyroid cells. Fluorimetric assays revealed that the PTC cells' CM was able to activate plasminogen, resulting in measurable casein hydrolysis. This casein hydrolysis was prevented by the addition of several specific uPA inhibitors. Finally, the in vitro invasion phenotypes of PTC cells were augmented by the addition of plasminogen, and this augmentation was reversed by inhibitory anti-uPA and anti-uPAR antibodies. CONCLUSIONS These data provide new functional evidence of the uPA/uPAR system's role in PTC invasion/metastasis and demonstrate the attractiveness of uPA and uPAR as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Nowicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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