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Montero D, Breenfeldt-Andersen A, Oberholzer L, Haider T, Goetze JP, Meinild-Lundby AK, Lundby C. Erythropoiesis with endurance training: dynamics and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R894-R902. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00012.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the progression of red blood cell volume (RBCV) expansion and potential volumetric and endocrine regulators of erythropoiesis during endurance training (ET). Nine healthy, untrained volunteers (age = 27 ± 4 yr) underwent supervised ET consisting of 3–4 × 60 min cycle ergometry sessions per week for 8 wk. Plasma volume (PV), RBCV, and overnight fasting hematological markers were determined before and at weeks 2, 4, and 8 of ET. In addition, plasma erythropoietin (EPO), cortisol, copeptin, and proatrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured during a 3-h morning period at baseline and postexercise at weeks 1 and 8. PV increased from baseline (2,405 ± 335 ml) at weeks 2, 4, and 8 (+374 ± 194, +505 ± 156, and +341 ± 160 ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Increases in RBCV from baseline (1,737 ± 442 ml) were manifested at week 4 (+109 ± 114 ml, P = 0.030) and week 8 (+205 ± 109 ml, P = 0.001). Overnight fasting plasma EPO concentration increased from baseline (11.3 ± 4.8 mIU/ml) at week 2 (+2.5 ± 2.8 mIU·ml−1, P = 0.027) and returned to baseline concentration at weeks 4 and 8. Higher 3-h-postexercise EPO concentration was observed at week 1 (11.6 mIU/ml) compared with week 8 (8.4 ± 3.9 mIU/ml, P = 0.009) and baseline (9.0 ± 4.2 mIU/ml, P = 0.019). Linear relationships between EPO concentration and hematocrit (β = −56.2, P < 0.001) and cortisol (β = 0.037, P < 0.001) were detected throughout the ET intervention. In conclusion, ET leads to mild, transient increases in circulating EPO concentration, concurring with early PV expansion and lowered hematocrit, preceding gradual RBCV enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montero
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Breenfeldt-Andersen
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Haider
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens P. Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen, and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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