The evaluation of the Turkish version of the Well-being Questionnaire (WBQ-22) in patients with Type 2 diabetes: the effects of diabetic complications

The effect of a fatigue self-management program based on individual and family self-management theory in cancer patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Fatigue Self-Management Program based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory on fatigue, daily living activities, and well-being in cancer patients.

METHODS

This randomized controlled single-blind experimental study was carried out between November 2020 and April 2022. A total of 94 patients with advanced cancer, 47 in each group, were included in the study, and 57 participants completed the study. Data were collected using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and Well-Being Questionnaire-22. The Fatigue Self-Management Program based on Individual and Family Self-Management Theory was delivered to the intervention group with two face-to-face and two tele-monitoring sessions. No intervention was applied to the control group, who received only routine care.

RESULTS

The mean score of fatigue in the intervention group compared to the control group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05); daily living activities mean scores were higher than the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). The mean scores of depression and anxiety in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group; energy, positive well-being, and general well-being mean scores were found to be higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The Fatigue Self-Management Program effectively reduces the fatigue experienced by cancer patients and increases their well-being but it does not increase their independence in daily living activities.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY

NCT04822220.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review

Diabetes has been associated with affective disorders which complicate the management of the disease. Emotional intelligence (EI), or the ability to perceive, facilitate, understand, and regulate emotions, has shown to be a protective factor of emotional disorders in general population. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the role of the EI construct in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics and to observe how EI is related to biological and psychological variables. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Cochrane without time limitations, for studies examining the link between diabetes and EI. A total of 12 eligible studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria. We divided the results into four sections: (1) EI and hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c), (2) EI training effects, (3) differences in EI between persons with diabetes and without diabetes, and (4) EI and psychological adjustment and well-being. The results showed negative correlations between EI and HbA1c, positive effects of EI training on quality of life, anxiety, and glycemic control, no differences in EI between people with diabetes and healthy individuals, and, finally, negative correlations between EI and different psychological variables such as diabetes-related anxiety and distress, and positive correlations with quality of life, well-being, and marital satisfaction. This systematic review offers a starting point for a theoretical and practical understanding of the role played by EI in the management of diabetes and reveals that EI is a promising protective factor for biological and psychological variables in this population.

Modeling the factors affecting the quality of life in diabetic patients in India using total interpretive structural modeling

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus has become a major world health problem that has unenviable impacts on health of the people including quality of life (QOL) also and in which person’s physical and psychological state, social commitments and relationships and his interaction with the environment is affected. This shows that there is an urgent need for behavior change and considerable educational strategies for proper management and rehabilitation (Reddy, 2000). This research has identified and ranked the significant factors which affect the QOL in diabetic patients in India. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, nine factors which affect the QOL in diabetic patients in India have been identified through review of the literature and evaluated by total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) approach, i.e. an extended version of ISM. In this approach, interpretations of the interrelationship among factors have been discussed. Therefore, TISM approach has been used to develop the model and the mutual interactions among these factors.

Findings

The results of the model and MICMAC analysis indicate that diet restriction, body pain and satisfaction with treatment are the top-level factors.

Practical implications

Identification of the factors that have a remarkable effect on the QOL in diabetic patients is very important so that the doctors and other healthcare professionals may handle these factors efficiently and proper rehabilitation can be provided to such patients.

Originality/value

This paper has used an application of the TISM approach to interpret the mutual relationship by using the tool of interpretive matrix and has developed a framework to calculate the drive and the dependence power of factors using MICMAC analysis. The issues related to QOL are extremely important, as they can strongly anticipate a person’s capability to govern his lifestyle with disease like diabetes mellitus and maintain good health in the long run. This shows the urgent requirement of an optimized model which can predict and interpret the relationships among these factors. In this research, the interrelationships among these factors have been developed and interpretations of these interactions have been given to develop a comprehensive model so that QOL of diabetic patients may be improved.

Impact of the self-care education program on quality of life in patients with type II diabetes

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes is an irreversible disease requiring lifetime self-care and rehabilitation. Patient education to improve their ability in administering self-care is also effective, lowering the risks of developing complications and promoting the quality of life. This study was conducted to assess the effect of self-care educational programs in promoting the quality of life of diabetic patients.

METHODS

In this pre-test/post-test intervention study design, 30 diabetes patients were included on the basis of a non-randomized sampling, using each subject as her/his own control. The self-care educational program was introduced to participants by researcher through two 55-min sessions. Quality of life by using Iranian Short Form Health Survey was assessed before and after the educational sessions. The paired t-test was used to compare the total and subscale mean scores of the Quality of life before and after the training.

RESULTS

Finding showed that there was a significant increase in General health (P=0.027), Physical role (P<0.001), Physical functioning (P=0.027), Social functioning (P=0.029) and Body pain (P=0.020).

CONCLUSION

The results from the present study demonstrate that structured patient education improves patients 'well-being' after the teaching program. Diabetes educational program should be a basis for the management of diabetes.

Association Between Specific Depression Symptoms and Glycemic Control Among Patients With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes and Provisional Depression

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether specific depression symptoms are associated with glycemic control independent of potential demographic and clinical covariates among primary care patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and provisional threshold or subthreshold depression.

METHOD

We examined a convenience sample of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and provisional threshold or subthreshold depression (N = 82) at 2 family health centers. Cases were identified using a population-based registry of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (ICD-9 codes 250.00 for controlled type 2 diabetes and 250.02 for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes). Data from patients with a primary care provider appointment from the beginning of April 2011 through the end of June 2012 and with at least one 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression screener and a glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) laboratory test between 2 weeks before and 10 weeks after PHQ-9 screening were eligible for inclusion. We defined provisional threshold or subthreshold depression using PHQ-9 scoring criteria, which were designed to yield provisional diagnostic information about major depressive disorder based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

RESULTS

Patients reporting higher severity of sleep problems on the PHQ-9 had significantly higher HbA1c levels (mean = 8.48, SD = 2.17) compared to patients reporting lower severity or absence of this symptom (mean = 7.19, SD = 1.34, t 48.88 = -3.13, P = .003). Problems with sleep contributed unique variance on glycemic control (β = 0.27, P = .02) when controlling for potential clinical and demographic covariates, with those reporting more sleep difficulties having higher HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with type 2 diabetes and provisional threshold or subthreshold depression, it may be prudent to aggressively address sleep problems as a potential mechanism toward improving diabetes control.

The well-being and treatment satisfaction of diabetic patients in primary care

Background

The quality of life in patients with diabetes is reduced and emotional coping with the disease has great impact on patient well-being.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care.

Study Design and Setting

Patients (n = 112) with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis for at least six months were enrolled. The Well-Being Questionnaire-22 and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. Physical examination and laboratory investigations were performed.

Results

The rates of the achieved targets were 32.1% for hemoglobin A_1c, 62.5% for cholesterol and 20.5% for blood pressure. The mean scores for the general well-being, depression, anxiety, positive well-being and energy were 44.40 ± 13.23 (range = 16-62), 12.65 ± 3.80 (range = 5-18), 10.57 ± 4.47 (range = 1-18), 12.00 ± 4.01 (range = 2-18), and 9.16 ± 2.47 (range = 2-12), respectively. The mean scores for the treatment satisfaction, perception for hyperglycemia and perception for hypoglycemia were 22.37 ± 9.53 (range = 0.00-36.00), 1.71 ± 1.59 (range = 0-6), and 0.51 ± 0.98 (range = 0-6), respectively. There were significant associations between the depression score and the educational status, compliance to diet and physical exercise, and diabetic complications; between the anxiety score and the educational status, glycemic control, compliance to diet and physical exercise; between the energy score and the educational status, compliance to physical exercise, and diabetic complications; between the positive well-being score and the educational status, compliance to diet and physical exercise, complications and type of treatment; between the general well-being score and the educational status, compliance for diet and physical exercise, and complications. Treatment satisfaction was significantly associated to the educational status, glycemic control and compliance to diet and physical exercise. A significant correlation was found between the treatment satisfaction and the well-being.

Conclusions

Individualized care of patients with diabetes should consider improving the quality of life. Psychosocial support should be provided to the patients with type 2 diabetes and the negative effects of psychopathological conditions on the metabolic control should be lessened.

Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey

We measured the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of 376 type 2 diabetes patients in Turkey using the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) instrument and examined which patient socio-demographic and diabetes-related clinical characteristics are associated with better quality of life (QoL). The influence of patient socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on QoL was examined using independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance. Diabetes significantly affected the HRQoL of patients included in this study. The mean score of the total DQOL measure was higher among patients who were less than 40 years of age, male, married, had less than 8 years of education, lived with their family and had no family history of diabetes (p<0.05). Similarly, patients with less than 5 years of disease duration, no complications or prior hospitalization, receive insulin, and with HbA(1)c<7 reported significantly better overall HRQoL (p<0.05). Patients with BMI<24 had higher levels of satisfaction with diabetes than those with BMI>or=24 (p<0.05). Diabetes-related HRQoL information is clearly of supreme importance to family physicians and policy makers to identify and implement appropriate interventions for achieving better management of diabetes and ultimately improving the QoL of diabetes patients.

Health-related quality of life in diabetic patients and controls without diabetes in refugee camps in the Gaza strip: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in developed and developing countries. Diabetes is known to strongly affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL is also influenced by living conditions. We analysed the effects of having diabetes on HRQOL under the living conditions in refugee camps in the Gaza strip.

METHODS

We studied a sample of 197 diabetic patients who were recruited from three refugee camps in the Gaza strip and 197 age- and sex-matched controls living in the same camps. To assess HRQOL, we used the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) including four domains (physical health, psychological, social relations and environment). Domain scores were compared for cases (diabetic patients) and controls (persons without diabetes) and the impact of socio-economic factors was evaluated in both groups.

RESULTS

All domains were strongly reduced in diabetic patients as compared to controls, with stronger effects in physical health (36.7 vs. 75.9 points of the 0-100 score) and psychological domains (34.8 vs. 70.0) and weaker effects in social relationships (52.4 vs. 71.4) and environment domains (23.4 vs. 36.2). The impact of diabetes on HRQOL was especially severe among females and older subjects (above 50 years). Low socioeconomic status had a strong negative impact on HRQOL in the younger age group (<50 years).

CONCLUSION

HRQOL is strongly reduced in diabetic patients living in refugee camps in the Gaza strip. Women and older patients are especially affected.