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Nawrotek K, Mąkiewicz M, Zawadzki D. Fabrication and Characterization of Polycaprolactone/Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Implants for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:775. [PMID: 33802478 PMCID: PMC7959464 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Major efforts for the advancement of tubular-shaped implant fabrication focused recently on the development of 3D printing methods that can enable the fabrication of complete devices in a single printing process. However, the main limitation of these solutions is the use of non-biocompatible polymers. Therefore, a new technology for obtaining hybrid implants that employ polymer extrusion and electrophoretic deposition is applied. The fabricated structures are made of two layers: polycaprolactone skeleton and chitosan-hydroxyapatite electrodeposit. Both of them can be functionalized by incorporation of mechanical or biological cues that favor ingrowth, guidance, and correct targeting of axons. The electrodeposition process is conducted at different voltages in order to determine the influence of this process on the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of implants. In addition, changes in mechanical properties of implants during their incubation in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) at 37 °C up to 28 days are examined. The presented technology, being low-cost and relatively simple, shall find a broad scope of applications in customized nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213 Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.Z.)
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Shaeer A, Aslam M, Rashid N. A highly stable manganese catalase from Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis: molecular cloning and characterization. Extremophiles 2019; 23:707-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sani HA, Shariff FM, Rahman RNZRA, Leow TC, Salleh AB. The Effects of One Amino Acid Substitutions at the C-Terminal Region of Thermostable L2 Lipase by Computational and Experimental Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:1-11. [PMID: 29058211 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The substitutions of the amino acid at the predetermined critical point at the C-terminal of L2 lipase may increase its thermostability and enzymatic activity, or even otherwise speed up the unfolding of the protein structure. The C-terminal of most proteins is often flexible and disordered. However, some protein functions are directly related to flexibility and play significant role in enzyme reaction. The critical point for mutation of L2 lipase structure was predicted at the position 385 of the L2 sequence, and the best three mutants were determined based on I-Mutant2.0 software. The best three mutants were S385E, S385I and S385V. The effects of the substitution of the amino acids at the critical point were analysed with molecular dynamics simulation by using Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application software. The predicted mutant L2 lipases were found to have lower root mean square deviation value as compared to L2 lipase. It was indicated that all the three mutants had higher compactness in the structure, consequently enhanced the stability. Root mean square fluctuation analysis showed that the flexibility of L2 lipase was reduced by mutations. Purified S385E lipase had an optimum temperature of 80 °C in Tris-HCl pH 8. The highest enzymatic activity of purified S385E lipase was obtained at 80 °C temperature in Tris-HCl pH 8, while for L2 lipase it was at 70 °C in Glycine-NaOH pH 9. The thermal stability of S385V lipase was enhanced as compared to other protein since that the melting point (T m) value was at 85.96 °C. S385I lipase was more thermostable compared to recombinant L2 lipase and other mutants at temperature 60 °C within 16 h preincubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartini Ahmad Sani
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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4
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Verma JP, Jaiswal DK, Krishna R, Prakash S, Yadav J, Singh V. Characterization and Screening of Thermophilic Bacillus Strains for Developing Plant Growth Promoting Consortium From Hot Spring of Leh and Ladakh Region of India. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1293. [PMID: 29997578 PMCID: PMC6028593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the main aim is to identify and characterize the potential drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for agricultural productivity. Three bacterial isolates were isolated from hot spring of Chumathang area of Leh district. Bacillus species (BHUJP-H1, BHUJP-H2, and BHUJP-H3) were done some biochemical tests including catalase, cellulase, amylase, indole-3-acetic acid, phosphate solubilisation, production of ammonia, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. Molecular characterization of isolates was done by 16S rDNA sequencing, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1 (KU312403), Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 (KU312404) and B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 (KU312405). The genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed by seven inter simple sequence repeat, all primer shows high polymorphism. The highest polymorphism efficiency and polymorphism information content showed by UBC-809 and UBC-836 which were 100% and 0.44 respectively, the lowest is by UBC-807 75% and 0.28 respectively. On an average 90.69% polymorphism efficiency and 0.40 polymorphism information contents obtained by used markers. The highest, 11.08 and the lowest, 4.50 effective multiplex ratios obtained for primer UBC-823 and UBC-807, on an average 7.99 effective multiplex ratio obtained. The highest, 4.89 and the lowest, 1.25 marker indexes obtained by UBC-836 and UBC-807 respectively and on an average 3.24 obtained. The UPGMA cluster analysis divided a population into two clusters I and II, in which BHUJP-H1 and BHUJP-H2 grouped under same while BHUJP-H3 grouped under another cluster. The treatment combination of Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 were recorded better combination for enhancing plant growth attributes of Vigna radiata as compared to control and others. The plant growth promoting consortium, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 can be further used as effective microbial inoculant for enhancing the production of mungbean in field conditions. Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H1 and Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 may use as drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for enhancing the sustainable agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Janardan Yadav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
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Grishin DV, Pokrovskaya MV, Podobed OV, Gladilina JA, Pokrovsky VS, Aleksandrova SS, Sokolov NN. [Prediction of protein thermostability from their primary structure: the current state and development factors]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 63:124-131. [PMID: 28414283 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176302124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The construction of proteins and peptides with desired properties, including resistance to high temperatures, as well as optimization of their amino acid composition, is an important and complex task, which attracts much attention in various branches of the basic sciences, and also in biomedicine and biotechnology. This raises the question: what method is more relevant for the at the pilot stage of research in order to estimate the influence of the planned amino acid substitutions on the thermostability of the resultant protein construct? In this brief review we have classified existing basic practical and theoretical approaches used in studies and predicting the thermal stability of native and recombinant polypeptides. Particular attention has been paid to the predictive potential of statistical methods for studying the thermodynamic parameters of the primary protein structure and prospects of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O V Podobed
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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6
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A newly isolated thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2917-34. [PMID: 21686158 PMCID: PMC3116164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12052917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic lipolytic bacterium identified as Bacillus sp. L2 via 16S rDNA was previously isolated from a hot spring in Perak, Malaysia. Bacillus sp. L2 was confirmed to be in Group 5 of bacterial classification, a phylogenically and phenotypically coherent group of thermophilic bacilli displaying very high similarity among their 16S rRNA sequences (98.5–99.2%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning of L2 lipase gene was conducted by using five different primers. Sequence analysis of the L2 lipase gene revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1251 bp that codes for 417 amino acids. The signal peptides consist of 28 amino acids. The mature protein is made of 388 amino acid residues. Recombinant lipase was successfully overexpressed with a 178-fold increase in activity compared to crude native L2 lipase. The recombinant L2 lipase (43.2 kDa) was purified to homogeneity in a single chromatography step. The purified lipase was found to be reactive at a temperature range of 55–80 °C and at a pH of 6–10. The L2 lipase had a melting temperature (Tm) of 59.04 °C when analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies. The optimum activity was found to be at 70 °C and pH 9. Lipase L2 was strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (100%), whereas phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), pepstatin-A, 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol (DTT) inhibited the enzyme by over 40%. The CD spectra of secondary structure analysis showed that the L2 lipase structure contained 38.6% α-helices, 2.2% ß-strands, 23.6% turns and 35.6% random conformations.
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Ahn MJ, Meeks M, Bednarek R, Ross C, Dalziel S. Towards a high‐performance bioeconomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/10569211011094631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Royter M, Schmidt M, Elend C, Höbenreich H, Schäfer T, Bornscheuer UT, Antranikian G. Thermostable lipases from the extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus SOL1 and Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis. Extremophiles 2009; 13:769-83. [PMID: 19579003 PMCID: PMC2757599 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two novel genes encoding for heat and solvent stable lipases from strictly anaerobic extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus (LipTth) and Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis (LipCst) were successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. Recombinant proteins were purified to homogeneity by heat precipitation, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. Unlike the enzymes from mesophile counterparts, enzymatic activity was measured at a broad temperature and pH range, between 40 and 90°C and between pH 6.5 and 10; the half-life of the enzymes at 75°C and pH 8.0 was 48 h. Inhibition was observed with 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride and phenylmethylsulfonylfluorid indicating that serine and thiol groups play a role in the active site of the enzymes. Gene sequence comparisons indicated very low identity to already described lipases from mesophilic and psychrophilic microorganisms. By optimal cultivation of E. coli Tuner (DE3) cells in 2-l bioreactors, a massive production of the recombinant lipases was achieved (53–2200 U/l) Unlike known lipases, the purified robust proteins are resistant against a large number of organic solvents (up to 99%) and detergents, and show activity toward a broad range of substrates, including triacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, esters of secondary alcohols, and p-nitrophenyl esters. Furthermore, the enzyme from T. thermohydrosulfuricus is suitable for the production of optically pure compounds since it is highly S-stereoselective toward esters of secondary alcohols. The observed E values for but-3-yn-2-ol butyrate and but-3-yn-2-ol acetate of 21 and 16, respectively, make these enzymes ideal candidates for kinetic resolution of synthetically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Royter
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Kasernenstrasse 12, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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Iwamoto S, Motomura K, Shinoda Y, Urata M, Kato J, Takiguchi N, Ohtake H, Hirota R, Kuroda A. Use of an Escherichia coli recombinant producing thermostable polyphosphate kinase as an ATP regenerator to produce fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5676-8. [PMID: 17616610 PMCID: PMC2042086 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00278-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-treated Escherichia coli producing Thermus polyphosphate kinase regenerated ATP by using exogenous polyphosphate. This recombinant could be used as a platform to produce valuable compounds in combination with thermostable phosphorylating or energy-requiring enzymes. In this work, we demonstrated the production of fructose 1,6-diphosphate from fructose and polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Leow TC, Rahman RNZRA, Basri M, Salleh AB. A thermoalkaliphilic lipase of Geobacillus sp. T1. Extremophiles 2007; 11:527-35. [PMID: 17426920 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A thermoalkaliphilic T1 lipase gene of Geobacillus sp. strain T1 was overexpressed in pGEX vector in the prokaryotic system. Removal of the signal peptide improved protein solubility and promoted the binding of GST moiety to the glutathione-Sepharose column. High-yield purification of T1 lipase was achieved through two-step affinity chromatography with a final specific activity and yield of 958.2 U/mg and 51.5%, respectively. The molecular mass of T1 lipase was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. T1 lipase had an optimum temperature and pH of 70 degrees C and pH 9, respectively. It was stable up to 65 degrees C with a half-life of 5 h 15 min at pH 9. It was stable in the presence of 1 mM metal ions Na(+), Ca(2+), Mn(2+), K(+) and Mg(2+ ), but inhibited by Cu(2+), Fe(3+) and Zn(2+). Tween 80 significantly enhanced T1 lipase activity. T1 lipase was active towards medium to long chain triacylglycerols (C10-C14) and various natural oils with a marked preference for trilaurin (C12) (triacylglycerol) and sunflower oil (natural oil). Serine and aspartate residues were involved in catalysis, as its activity was strongly inhibited by 5 mM PMSF and 1 mM Pepstatin. The T(m) for T1 lipase was around 72.2 degrees C, as revealed by denatured protein analysis of CD spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Thongekkaew J, Boonchird C. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel extracellular lipase from the thermotolerant yeast Candida thermophila. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:232-43. [PMID: 17266732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermotolerant yeast Candida thermophila SRY-09 isolated from Thailand produces an extracellular lipase that hydrolyses various triglycerides. To clone the gene encoding the lipase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with a C. thermophila genomic library and screened for lipase activity on medium containing olive oil emulsion and rhodamine B. One C. thermophila lipase gene (CtLIP) was found that contained an ORF of 1317 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 438 amino acids. Candida thermophila lipase contained a Gly-Asp-Ser-Gln-Gly motif which matched the consensus Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly conserved among lipolytic enzymes. Heterologous expression of the cloned CtLIP under the control of the alcohol oxidase gene (AOX1) promoter in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and enzymatic measurements confirmed the function of the respective protein as a lipase. The recombinant CtLIP could hydrolyse various substrates at high temperature (55 degrees C) with higher efficiency than at 37 or 45 degrees C and preferentially hydrolysed two-positional ester bonds. As with C. thermophila, the heterologously expressed lipase was secreted into the medium by Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantaporn Thongekkaew
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rhee JK, Ahn DG, Kim YG, Oh JW. New thermophilic and thermostable esterase with sequence similarity to the hormone-sensitive lipase family, cloned from a metagenomic library. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:817-25. [PMID: 15691936 PMCID: PMC546692 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.2.817-825.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene coding for a thermostable esterase was isolated by functional screening of Escherichia coli cells that had been transformed with fosmid environmental DNA libraries constructed with metagenomes from thermal environmental samples. The gene conferring esterase activity on E. coli grown on tributyrin agar was composed of 936 bp, corresponding to 311 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 34 kDa. The enzyme showed significant amino acid similarity (64%) to the enzyme from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum calidifontis. An amino acid sequence comparison with other esterases and lipases revealed that the enzyme should be classified as a new member of the hormone-sensitive lipase family. The recombinant esterase that was overexpressed and purified from E. coli was active above 30 degrees C up to 95 degrees C and had a high thermal stability. It displayed a high degree of activity in a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5, with an optimal pH of approximately 6.0. The best substrate for the enzyme among the p-nitrophenyl esters (C(4) to C(16)) examined was p-nitrophenyl caproate (C(6)), and no lipolytic activity was observed with esters containing an acyl chain length of longer than 10 carbon atoms, indicating that the enzyme is an esterase and not a lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Moreno R, Haro A, Castellanos A, Berenguer J. High-level overproduction of His-tagged Tth DNA polymerase in Thermus thermophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:591-3. [PMID: 15640243 PMCID: PMC544263 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.1.591-593.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new plasmid for the overexpression of His-tagged thermozymes in Thermus thermophilus was developed. With this plasmid, soluble and active histidine-tagged DNA polymerase from T. thermophilus was overproduced in larger amounts in the thermophile than in Escherichia coli. The protein purified from the thermophile was active in PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Moreno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Hidalgo A, Betancor L, Moreno R, Zafra O, Cava F, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM, Berenguer J. Thermus thermophilus as a cell factory for the production of a thermophilic Mn-dependent catalase which fails to be synthesized in an active form in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:3839-44. [PMID: 15240253 PMCID: PMC444780 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.7.3839-3844.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable Mn-dependent catalases are promising enzymes in biotechnological applications as H(2)O(2)-detoxifying systems. We cloned the genes encoding Mn-dependent catalases from Thermus thermophilus HB27 and HB8 and a less thermostable mutant carrying two amino acid replacements (M129V and E293G). When the wild-type and mutant genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, unmodified or six-His-tagged proteins of the expected size were overproduced as inactive proteins. Several attempts to obtain active forms or to activate the overproduced proteins were unsuccessful, even when soluble and thermostable proteins were used. Therefore, a requirement for a Thermus-specific activation factor was suggested. To overcome this problem, the Mn-dependent catalase genes were overexpressed directly in T. thermophilus under the control of the Pnar promoter. This promoter belongs to a respiratory nitrate reductase from of T. thermophilus HB8, whose transcription is activated by the combined action of nitrate and anoxia. Upon induction in T. thermophilus HB8, a 20- to 30-fold increase in catalase specific activity was observed, whereas a 90- to 110-fold increase was detected when the laboratory strain T. thermophilus HB27::nar was used as the host. The thermostability of the overproduced wild-type catalase was identical to that previously reported for the native enzyme, whereas decreased stability was detected for the mutant derivative. Therefore, our results validate the use of T. thermophilus as an alternative cell factory for the overproduction of thermophilic proteins that fail to be expressed in well-known mesophilic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Hidalgo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Pessela BCC, Vian A, Mateo C, Fernández-Lafuente R, García JL, Guisán JM, Carrascosa AV. Overproduction of Thermus sp. Strain T2 beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli and preparation by using tailor-made metal chelate supports. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:1967-72. [PMID: 12676671 PMCID: PMC154830 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.1967-1972.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel thermostable chimeric beta-galactosidase was constructed by fusing a poly-His tag to the N-terminal region of the beta-galactosidase from Thermus sp. strain T2 to facilitate its overexpression in Escherichia coli and its purification by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The poly-His tag fusion did not affect the activation, kinetic parameters, and stability of the beta-galactosidase. Copper-iminodiacetic acid (Cu-IDA) supports enabled the most rapid adsorption of the His-tagged enzyme, favoring multisubunit interactions, but caused deleterious effects on the enzyme stability. To improve the enzyme purification a selective one-point adsorption was achieved by designing tailor-made low-activated Co-IDA or Ni-IDA supports. The new enzyme was not only useful for industrial purposes but also has become an excellent model to study the purification of large multimeric proteins via selective adsorption on tailor-made IMAC supports.
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16
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Dong G, Zeikus JG. Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase from Thermotoga neapolitana. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997; 21:335-40. [PMID: 9322373 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A hyperthermophilic alkaline phosphatase was purified from Thermotoga neapolitana by heat treatment at 100 degrees C in the presence of Co2+ followed by ion-exchange and affinity chromatographies. The enzyme was purified 2,880-fold with 44% yield. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band of M(r) 45,000 on SDS-PAGE and an apparent molecular weight of 87,000 estimated by gel filtration chromatography. This suggested a homogenous dimer structure. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 9.9 and 85 degrees C, respectively. Under optimal conditions, T. neapolitana alkaline phosphatase displayed 30% higher activity than calf intestine alkaline phosphatase did with p-nitrophenyl-phosphate as substrate. The hyperthermostable enzyme had a half-life of 238 min at 90 degrees C and K(m) and Vmax values of 183 microM and 1,352 U mg-1, respectively. Co2+ enhanced the enzyme activity, thermostability, and ligand affinity during column chromatography. The alkaline phosphatase was twice as active with Co2+ than with either Zn2+ or Mn2+ as the metal cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Daniel RM, Dines M, Petach HH. The denaturation and degradation of stable enzymes at high temperatures. Biochem J 1996; 317 ( Pt 1):1-11. [PMID: 8694749 PMCID: PMC1217448 DOI: 10.1042/bj3170001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Now that enzymes are available that are stable above 100 degrees C it is possible to investigate conformational stability at this temperature, and also the effect of high-temperature degradative reactions in functioning enzymes and the inter-relationship between degradation and denaturation. The conformational stability of proteins depends upon stabilizing forces arising from a large number of weak interactions, which are opposed by an almost equally large destabilizing force due mostly to conformational entropy. The difference between these, the net free energy of stabilization, is relatively small, equivalent to a few interactions. The enhanced stability of very stable proteins can be achieved by an additional stabilizing force which is again equivalent to only a few stabilizing interactions. There is currently no strong evidence that any particular interaction (e.g. hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions) plays a more important role in proteins that are stable at 100 degrees C than in those stable at 50 degrees C, or that the structures of very stable proteins are systematically different from those of less stable proteins. The major degradative mechanisms are deamidation of asparagine and glutamine, and succinamide formation at aspartate and glutamate leading to peptide bond hydrolysis. In addition to being temperature-dependent, these reactions are strongly dependent upon the conformational freedom of the susceptible amino acid residues. Evidence is accumulating which suggests that even at 100 degrees C deamidation and succinamide formation proceed slowly or not at all in conformationally intact (native) enzymes. Whether this is the case at higher temperatures is not yet clear, so it is not known whether denaturation of degradation will set the upper limit of stability for enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Daniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Walkato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Peek K, Daniel RM, Monk C, Parker L, Coolbear T. Purification and characterization of a thermostable proteinase isolated from Thermus sp. strain Rt41A. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 207:1035-44. [PMID: 1499549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermus sp. strain Rt41A produces an extracellular thermostable alkaline proteinase. The enzyme has a high isoelectric point (10.25-10.5) which can be exploited in purification by using cation-exchange chromatography. The proteinase was purified to homogeneity and has a molecular mass of 32.5 kDa by SDS/PAGE. It is a glycoprotein, containing 0.7% carbohydrate as glucose equivalents, and has four half-cystine residues present as two disulphide bonds. Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at pH 8.0 against azocasein and greater than 75% of this activity was retained in the pH range 7.0-10.0. Substrate inhibition was observed with casein and azocasein. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 5.0-10.0 and maximum activity, in a 10-min assay, was observed at 90 degrees C with 5 mM CaCl2 present. No loss of activity was observed after 24 h at 70 degrees C and the half-lives at 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C were 13.5 h and 20 min, respectively. Removal of Ca2+ reduced the temperature for maximum proteolytic activity against azocasein to 60 degrees C and the half-life at 70 degrees C was 2.85 min. The enzyme was stable at low and high ionic strength and in the presence of denaturing reagents and organic solvents. Rt41A proteinase cleaved a number of synthetic amino acid p-nitrophenol esters, the kinetic data indicating that small aliphatic or aromatic amino acids were the preferred residue at the P1 position. The kinetic data for the hydrolysis of a number of peptide p-nitroanilide substrates are also reported. Primary cleavage of the oxidized insulin B chain occurred at sites where the P1' amino acid was aromatic. Minor cleavage sites (24 h incubation) were for amino acids with aliphatic side chains at the P1' position. The esterase and insulin cleavage data indicate the specificity is similar for both the P1 and P1' sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Peek
- Thermophile and Microbial Biochemistry and Biotechnology Unit, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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