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Evano G, Theunissen C. Beyond Friedel and Crafts: Innate Alkylation of C−H Bonds in Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7558-7598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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2
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Jenseits von Friedel und Crafts: immanente Alkylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
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3
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Srinivasulu A, Shantharjun B, Vani D, Ashalu KC, Mohd A, Wencel-Delord J, Colobert F, Reddy KR. Iron-Catalyzed Minisci Type Acetylation of N
-Heteroarenes Mediated by CH(OEt)3
/TBHP. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Srinivasulu
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Tarnaka, Hyderabad Telangana State India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| | - B. Shantharjun
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Tarnaka, Hyderabad Telangana State India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| | - D. Vani
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Tarnaka, Hyderabad Telangana State India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| | - K. Chinna Ashalu
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Tarnaka, Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - A. Mohd
- Laboratoired'InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM; 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - J. Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoired'InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM; 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - F. Colobert
- Laboratoired'InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM; 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - K. Rajender Reddy
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Tarnaka, Hyderabad Telangana State India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
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4
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Ham WS, Hillenbrand J, Jacq J, Genicot C, Ritter T. Divergent Late‐Stage (Hetero)aryl C−H Amination by the Pyridinium Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:532-536. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Ham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyHarvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Julius Hillenbrand
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jérôme Jacq
- Global ChemistryUCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma Avenue de l'Industrie Braine l'Alleud 1420 Belgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global ChemistryUCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma Avenue de l'Industrie Braine l'Alleud 1420 Belgium
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyHarvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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5
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Ham WS, Hillenbrand J, Jacq J, Genicot C, Ritter T. Divergent Late‐Stage (Hetero)aryl C−H Amination by the Pyridinium Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Ham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyHarvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Julius Hillenbrand
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jérôme Jacq
- Global ChemistryUCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma Avenue de l'Industrie Braine l'Alleud 1420 Belgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global ChemistryUCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma Avenue de l'Industrie Braine l'Alleud 1420 Belgium
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyHarvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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6
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Liang Z, He L, Wang W, Zhou Z, Ren Z. Design and scale-up of an alkylated Minisci reaction to produce ethionamide with 4-cyanopyridine as raw materials. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Lichao He
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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7
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Fang G, Cong X, Zanoni G, Liu Q, Bi X. Silver-Based Radical Reactions: Development and Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guichun Fang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University, Tianjin; 300071 People's Republic of China
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8
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Removal of heavy metals by homolytically functionalized poly(acrylic acid) with hydroquinone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-016-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Ma B, Xie H, Li J, Zhan H, Lin K, Liu W. Bifunctional solid acid photocatalyst TiO 2 /AC/SO 3 H with high acid density for pure green photosynthesis of 2-quinoline carboxamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Stavropoulos P. Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Intermolecular Amination of Light Alkanes and Benzenes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016; 37:1-57. [PMID: 28855744 DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1183487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pericles Stavropoulos
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 400 W11th St., Rolla, MO 65409
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center, Peking University , 202 Chengfu Road, 098#, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Synthesis of polyacrylamide-bound hydroquinone via a homolytic pathway: Application to the removal of heavy metals. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Prier CK, MacMillan DWC. Amine α-heteroarylation via photoredox catalysis: a homolytic aromatic substitution pathway. Chem Sci 2014; 5:4173-4178. [PMID: 26236461 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct α-heteroarylation of tertiary amines has been accomplished via photoredox catalysis to generate valuable benzylic amine pharmacophores. A variety of five-and six-membered chloroheteroarenes are shown to function as viable coupling partners for the α-arylation of a diverse range of cyclic and acyclic amines. Evidence is provided for a homolytic aromatic substitution mechanism, in which a catalyticallygenerated α-amino radical undergoes direct addition to an electrophilic chloroarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Prier
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
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15
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Leifert D, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. 6-Aroylated Phenanthridines via Base Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (BHAS). Org Lett 2013; 15:6286-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403147v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Gabriel Daniliuc
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Casey BM, Sadasivam DV, Flowers Ii RA. Mechanistic studies on the CAN-mediated intramolecular cyclization of δ-aryl-β-dicarbonyl compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1472-9. [PMID: 23946845 PMCID: PMC3740710 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-tetralones through the cyclization of δ-aryl-β-dicarbonyl substrates by using CAN is described. Appropriately functionalized aromatic substrates undergo intramolecular cyclizations generating 2-tetralone derivatives in moderate to good yields. DFT computational studies indicate that successful formation of 2-tetralones from δ-aryl-β-dicarbonyl radicals is dependent on the stability of the subsequent cyclohexadienyl radical intermediates. Furthermore, DFT computational studies were used to rationalize the observed site selectivity in the 2-tetralone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Casey
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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17
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Moulay S, Bensacia N, Garin F, Fechete I, Boos A. Polyacrylamide-Based Sorbents for the Removal of Hazardous Metals. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.31.8.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saâd Moulay
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Département de Chimie Industrielle, Faculté des Sciences de L'Ingénieur, Université Saâd Dahlab de Blida, B. P. 270, Route de Soumâa, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Nabila Bensacia
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Département de Chimie Industrielle, Faculté des Sciences de L'Ingénieur, Université Saâd Dahlab de Blida, B. P. 270, Route de Soumâa, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - François Garin
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse, UMR 7515 CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Science (ELCASS), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Ioana Fechete
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse, UMR 7515 CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Science (ELCASS), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Boos
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse, UMR 7515 CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Science (ELCASS), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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18
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Wertz S, Leifert D, Studer A. Cross dehydrogenative coupling via base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS): synthesis of fluorenones and xanthones. Org Lett 2013; 15:928-31. [PMID: 23373757 DOI: 10.1021/ol4000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions occurring via base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitutions (BHASs) are reported. Fluorenones and xanthones are readily prepared via CDC starting with readily available ortho-formyl biphenyls and ortho-formyl biphenylethers, respectively. The commercially available and cheap tBuOOH is used as an oxidant. Initiation of the radical chain reaction is best achieved with small amounts of FeCp(2) (0.1 or 1 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wertz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Wang X, Mo Z, Xiao J, Deng L. Monomeric Bis(anilido)iron(II) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Redox Reactivity toward Aryl Halides. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:59-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P.
R. China, 200032
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20
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Bensacia N, Moulay S. Functionalization of Polyacrylic Acid with Tetrahydroxybenzene via a Homolytic Pathway: Application to Metallic Adsorption. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.617343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Rasmussen CAH, van Der Plas HC. Aspects of the amination of 4-t-butyl-5-halogenopyrimidines by potassium amide in liquid ammonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19780971104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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23
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Deng G, Ueda K, Yanagisawa S, Itami K, Li CJ. Coupling of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics and Alkanes without Transition Metals: A New Oxidative Cross-Coupling at CH/CH Bonds. Chemistry 2008; 15:333-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Caronna T, Gambarotti C, Mele A, Pierini M, Punta C, Recupero F. A green approach to the amidation of heterocyclic bases: the use of sunlight and air. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707779238603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Acton A, Allen AD, Fedorov AV, Henry-Riyad H, Tidwell TT. Aminoxyl radical addition to arylketenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Bowman WR, Storey JMD. Synthesis using aromatic homolytic substitution—recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1803-22. [PMID: 18213987 DOI: 10.1039/b605183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Russell Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicester, UK.
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Zarkadis AK, Neumann WP, Dünnebacke D, Peñeñory A, Stapel R, Stewen U. Sterically Hindered Free Radicals, 21. 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Additions of Diphenylmethyl Radicals to Substituted Acrylonitriles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios K. Zarkadis
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
| | - Wilhelm P. Neumann
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
| | - Dieter Dünnebacke
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
| | - Alicia Peñeñory
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
| | - Ralf Stapel
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
| | - Ulrich Stewen
- FB Chemie – Organische Chemie der Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, W‐4600 Dortmund 50, F.R.G
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28
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Moulay S, Mehdaoui R. Poly(methacrylic acid)-bound dihydroxybenzene units: Redox polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maślankiewicz A, Michalik E. Derivatives of some cyclic 3,4-quinolinediyl bis-sulfides withN,N-dimethylcarbamoyl andN-methyl-N-formylaminornethyl substituents in the 2-quinolinyl position. J Heterocycl Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570420619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Harrowven DC, Sutton BJ. Chapter 2 Radical additions to pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE 2003 LITERATURE PRECEDED BY TWO CHAPTERS ON CURRENT HETEROCYCLIC TOPICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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33
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Antonietti F, Mele A, Minisci F, Punta C, Recupero F, Fontana F. Enthalpic and polar effects in the reactions of perfluoroalkyl radicals. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2003.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Heinisch G, Lötsch G. Marked Increase in the Regioselectivity of Radical Substitution: Minisci Reaction in a Two-Phase System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198506921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Maślankiewicz A, Michalik E, Kowalski A. Structure analysis of some α-(n-methyl-n-formylaminomethyl)-quinolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Minisci F, Recupero F, Cecchetto A, Punta C, Gambarotti C, Fontana F, Pedulli GF. Polar effects in free-radical reactions. A novel homolytic acylation of heteroaromatic bases by aerobic oxidation of aldehydes, catalysed byN-hydroxyphthalimide and Co salts. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gallardo I, Guirado G, Marquet J. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution for heteroatoms: an oxidative electrochemical approach. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2548-55. [PMID: 11950300 DOI: 10.1021/jo010847t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution for heteroatom through electrochemical oxidation of the intermediate sigma-complexes (Meisenheimer complexes) in simple nitroaromatic compounds is reported for the first time (NASX process). The studies have been carried out with hydride, cyanide, fluoride, methoxy, and ethanethiolate anions and n-butylamine as a nucleophile, at the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and preparative electrolysis level. The cyclic voltammetry experiments allow for detection and characterization of the sigma-complexes and they have led us to a proposal for the mechanism of the oxidation step. Furthermore, the power of the CV technique in the analysis of the reaction mixture throughout the whole chemical and electrochemical process is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iluminada Gallardo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Bravo A, Fontana F, Fronza G, Minisci F, Zhao L. Molecule-Induced Homolysis versus “Concerted Oxenoid Oxygen Insertion” in the Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Dimethyldioxirane. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971226w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bravo
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fronza
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Minisci
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Bravo A, Bjørsvik HR, Fontana F, Liguori L, Mele A, Minisci F. New Methods of Free-Radical Perfluoroalkylation of Aromatics and Alkenes. Absolute Rate Constants and Partial Rate Factors for the Homolytic Aromatic Substitution by n-Perfluorobutyl Radical. J Org Chem 1997; 62:7128-7136. [PMID: 11671816 DOI: 10.1021/jo970302s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New methods of free-radical perfluoroalkylation of aromatics and alkenes are reported. n-C(4)F(9)I has been utilized as source of C(4)F(9)(*) radical through iodine abstraction by phenyl or methyl radical. The reaction with alkenes, carried out in the presence of catalytic amount of Cu(OAc)(2), leads to substitution by a mechanism substantially identical to the aromatic substitution and not to the usual chain addition of perfluoroalkyl group and iodine atom to the double bond. This has allowed to measure for the first time the absolute rate constants and the partial rate factors for the homolytic aromatic perfluoroalkylation by competition kinetics. The C(4)F(9)(*) radical shows a clear-cut electrophilic character in the aromatic substitution, as already reported for the addition to alkenes, but the low regio- and chemoselectivities suggest that the polar effect is not the main factor in determining the high reactivity of perfluoroalkyl radicals toward aromatics (10(5)-10(6) M(-1) s(-1), 2-3 orders of magnitude more reactive than alkyl radicals). The enthalpic factor, related to the involved bond energies, appears to be the major cause of the increased reactivity. The polar effect is considered as related more to the polarizability than to the polarity of a radical (the sigma-perfluoroalkyl radicals are considered less polarizable and hence less sensitive to polar effects than pi-radicals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bravo
- Dipartimento di Chimica del Politecnico, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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40
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6-Substituted thioquinanthrenes. Reaction of thioquinanthrene with radicals formed from DMF. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Minisci F, Zhao L, Fontana F, Bravo A. Trapping of free-radicals in the oxidation of ethers, aldehydes and alkanes by dimethyldioxirane. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00106-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Togo H, Hayashi K, Yokoyama M. Radical Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Bases with Polysilane Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.67.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Pandey G, Krishna A, Girija K, Karthikeyan M. Intramolecular nucleophilic addition of silylenol ether to photosensitized electron transfer (PET) generated arene radical cations: A novel non-reagent based carboannulation reaction:. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(93)88123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Togo H, Hayashi K, Yokoyama M. Tetiakis(trimethylsilyl)silane-Mediated Photochemical Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Bases with Alkyl Halides. CHEM LETT 1991. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1991.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Thölmann D, Flottmann D, Grützmacher HF. Gas-Phase Substitution of Dichloro- and Dibromoethene by Ammonia and Amines via Radical Cations. A Kinetic Study by FT-ICR Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19911241031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Turck A, Plé N, Mojovic L, Quéguiner G. Metallation of diazinesII. First metallation of pyridazine, metallation of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Bogachev A, Kobrina L, Yakobson G. Reactions of perfluoroaromatic compounds with ethereal solutions of methylmagnesium iodide in the presence of silver(I) and copper(I) salts. J Fluor Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)82604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Alkylation of heteroaromatic bases by ?-hydroxyalkyl radicals (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00487418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Minisci F, Fontana F, Vismara E. Substitutions by nucleophilic free radicals: A new general reaction of heteroaromatic bases. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Fontana F, Minisci F, Nogueira Barbosa M, Vismara E. Homolytic alkylation of heteroaromatic bases : the problem of monoalkylation. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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