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Bartosz G, Pieńkowska N, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Effect of Selected Antioxidants on the In Vitro Aging of Human Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1529. [PMID: 38338809 PMCID: PMC10855218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of the replicative lifespan (RLS) of fibroblasts is of interest both from a knowledge point of view and for the attenuation of skin aging. The effect of six antioxidants at a concentration of 1 μM on the replicative lifespan of human dermal fibroblasts was studied. The nitroxide 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), ergothioneine, and Trolox extended the replicative lifespan (RLS) (40 ± 1 population doublings (PD)) by 7 ± 2, 4 ± 1, and 3 ± 1 PD and lowered the expression of p21 at late passages. Coumaric acid, curcumin and resveratrol did not affect the RLS . The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased or not affected by the antioxidants although TEMPOL and coumaric acid decreased the level of glutathione. Only ergothioneine and resveratrol decreased the level of protein carbonylation. The antioxidants that could prolong the RLS elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential. Protecting the activity of mitochondria seems to be important for maintaining the replicative capacity of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, Zelwerowicza Street 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (G.B.); (N.P.)
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Matuoka K. [Cultured Cells in the Aging Research, Exhibiting Cell Surface Component Functions, Intracellular Signaling, a Novel Adaptor Molecule, Aging Phenotype Expression and Various Aspects of the Cellular Physiology]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:729-744. [PMID: 37661439 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular aging is one of the most extraordinary phenomena that mammalian cells undergo in vivo and in vitro. We have been observing their behavior for approximately 4 decades and here would like to summarize some of our salient findings. Normal cells such as human diploid cells exhibit finite growth potential in vitro as well as a set of senescent cell phenotypes. Those changes appear probabilistic and irreversible. In the search of the factor(s) to evoke the features we have observed that cellular glycosaminoglycan molecules plays significant roles in the cell physiology. Besides, CCAAT-box binding transcription factor NF-Y relates to the aging-coupled changes in gene expression, and aging of gastric mucosal cells may relate to a decrease in cytoprotection. As to the intracellular signaling, we have confirmed that the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate is critical for mitogenesis by using micro-injection of its antibody. Subsequently, we have discovered a novel, pivotal adaptor protein Grb2/Ash, a missing link between the receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream target Ras. The limiting factors for the cellular life span have been considered as telomere shortening and accumulation of cellular and genomic damages. We have observed that telomerase-expressing cells exhibit expanded division potential; yet oxidative stress similarly induces senescent cell phenotypes. Herein we have demonstrated that the treatment of senescent cells with nicotinamide or related reagents elicits unique cellular responses, which might indicate the capability of the cells to recover from the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koozi Matuoka
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science
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3
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Radonjić T, Dukić M, Jovanović I, Zdravković M, Mandić O, Popadić V, Popović M, Nikolić N, Klašnja S, Divac A, Todorović Z, Branković M. Aging of Liver in Its Different Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13085. [PMID: 36361873 PMCID: PMC9656219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of elderly people in the world population is constantly increasing. With age, the risk of numerous chronic diseases and their complications also rises. Research on the subject of cellular senescence date back to the middle of the last century, and today we know that senescent cells have different morphology, metabolism, phenotypes and many other characteristics. Their main feature is the development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whose pro-inflammatory components affect tissues and organs, and increases the possibility of age-related diseases. The liver is the main metabolic organ of our body, and the results of previous research indicate that its regenerative capacity is greater and that it ages more slowly compared to other organs. With age, liver cells change under the influence of various stressors and the risk of developing chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases. It has been proven that these diseases progress faster in the elderly population and in some cases lead to end-stage liver disease that requires transplantation. The treatment of elderly people with chronic liver diseases is a challenge and requires an individual approach as well as new research that will reveal other safe and effective therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Radonjić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jovanović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Mandić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Višeslav Popadić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Popović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novica Nikolić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anica Divac
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1315. [PMID: 34439563 PMCID: PMC8389214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, niacin) deficiency causes the systemic disease pellagra, which leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and possibly death depending on its severity and duration. Vitamin B3 is used in the synthesis of the NAD+ family of coenzymes, contributing to cellular energy metabolism and defense systems. Although nicotinamide (niacinamide) is primarily used as a nutritional supplement for vitamin B3, its pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical uses have been extensively explored. In this review, we discuss the biological activities and cosmeceutical properties of nicotinamide in consideration of its metabolic pathways. Supplementation of nicotinamide restores cellular NAD+ pool and mitochondrial energetics, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response, enhances extracellular matrix and skin barrier, and inhibits the pigmentation process in the skin. Topical treatment of nicotinamide, alone or in combination with other active ingredients, reduces the progression of skin aging and hyperpigmentation in clinical trials. Topically applied nicotinamide is well tolerated by the skin. Currently, there is no convincing evidence that nicotinamide has specific molecular targets for controlling skin aging and pigmentation. This substance is presumed to contribute to maintaining skin homeostasis by regulating the redox status of cells along with various metabolites produced from it. Thus, it is suggested that nicotinamide will be useful as a cosmeceutical ingredient to attenuate skin aging and hyperpigmentation, especially in the elderly or patients with reduced NAD+ pool in the skin due to internal or external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Ogrodnik M. Cellular aging beyond cellular senescence: Markers of senescence prior to cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13338. [PMID: 33711211 PMCID: PMC8045927 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of research on cellular senescence experienced a rapid expansion from being primarily focused on in vitro aspects of aging to the vast territories of animal and clinical research. Cellular senescence is defined by a set of markers, many of which are present and accumulate in a gradual manner prior to senescence induction or are found outside of the context of cellular senescence. These markers are now used to measure the impact of cellular senescence on aging and disease as well as outcomes of anti-senescence interventions, many of which are at the stage of clinical trials. It is thus of primary importance to discuss their specificity as well as their role in the establishment of senescence. Here, the presence and role of senescence markers are described in cells prior to cell cycle arrest, especially in the context of replicative aging and in vivo conditions. Specifically, this review article seeks to describe the process of "cellular aging": the progression of internal changes occurring in primary cells leading to the induction of cellular senescence and culminating in cell death. Phenotypic changes associated with aging prior to senescence induction will be characterized, as well as their effect on the induction of cell senescence and the final fate of cells reviewed. Using published datasets on assessments of senescence markers in vivo, it will be described how disparities between quantifications can be explained by the concept of cellular aging. Finally, throughout the article the applicational value of broadening cellular senescence paradigm will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna Austria
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Effect of Antioxidants on the Fibroblast Replicative Lifespan In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6423783. [PMID: 33029282 PMCID: PMC7530501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6423783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Replicative senescence is an unalterable growth arrest of primary cells in the culture system. It has been reported that aging in vivo is related to the limited replicative capacity that normal somatic cells show in vitro. If oxidative damage contributes to the lifespan limitation, antioxidants are expected to extend the replicative lifespan of fibroblasts. This article critically reviews the results of experiments devoted to this problem performed within the last decades under conditions of in vitro culture. The results of studied are heterogeneous, some papers showing no effects of antioxidants; most finding limited enhancement of reproductive capacity of fibroblasts, some reporting a significant extension of replicative lifespan (RLS). Both natural and synthetic antioxidants were found to extend the RLS of fibroblasts, either by a direct antioxidant effect or, indirectly, by activation of signaling pathways and activation of proteasomes or hormetic effects. Most significant prolongation of RLS was reported so far for nicotinamide, N-hydroxylamines, carnosine and Methylene Blue. These results may be of importance for the design of skin-protecting cosmetics.
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7
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The Lifespan Extension Ability of Nicotinic Acid Depends on Whether the Intracellular NAD + Level Is Lower than the Sirtuin-Saturating Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010142. [PMID: 31878234 PMCID: PMC6982340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction can extend lifespan by increasing intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), thereby upregulating the activity of sirtuins (Caenorhabditis elegans Sir-2.1; human SIRT1). Nicotinic acid (NA) can be metabolized to NAD+; however, the calorie restriction mimetic (CRM) potential of NA is unclear. This study explored the ability and mechanism of NA to extend the lifespan of human Hs68 cells and C. elegans. We found that NA can efficiently increase the intracellular NAD+ levels in Hs68 cells and C. elegans; however, NA was only able to extend the lifespan of C. elegans. The steady-state NAD+ level in C. elegans was approximately 55 μM. When intracellular NAD+ was increased by a mutation of pme-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) metabolism enzyme 1) or by pretreatment with NAD+ in the medium, the lifespan extension ability of NA disappeared. Additionally, the saturating concentration of NAD+ required by SIRT1 was approximately 200 μM; however, the steady-state concentration of NAD+ in Hs68 cells reached up to 460 μM. These results demonstrate that the lifespan extension ability of NA depends on whether the intracellular level of NAD+ is lower than the sirtuin-saturating concentration in Hs68 cells and in C. elegans. Thus, the CRM potential of NA should be limited to individuals with lower intracellular NAD+.
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8
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Campiche R, Sandau P, Kurth E, Massironi M, Imfeld D, Schuetz R. Protective effects of an extract of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus rubescens on UV-irradiated skin cells. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:187-192. [PMID: 29438574 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin ageing results from intrinsic but also extrinsic factors of which UV irradiation is a main cause. It is hence of interest to have means to protect skin from UV irradiation-induced damage. We selected an extract of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus rubescens and assessed its potential to protect skin from photoageing caused by UV irradiation. METHODS Skin cells in vitro and ex vivo were analysed for markers of UV irradiation-induced photodamage such as decreased viability, decreased collagen content, hyperpigmentation and sunburn cells. RESULTS We found that a dry extract of the microalga Scenedesmus rubescens was able to suppress cellular signs of ageing induced by UV irradiation. It enhanced dermal fibroblast viability, rescued dermal collagen content, inhibited the formation of sunburn cells and inhibited tyrosinase activity. CONCLUSION An extract of Scenedesmus rubescens showed broad activity against markers of UV irradiation-induced cutaneous ageing. It may therefore be used as a preventive or regenerative agent for anti-ageing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Campiche
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - P Sandau
- IGV Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur Scheunert Allee 40-41, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - E Kurth
- IGV Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur Scheunert Allee 40-41, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M Massironi
- Cutech srl, Via San Marco 9/M, I-35129, Padua, Italy
| | - D Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - R Schuetz
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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9
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Seo HR, Choi MJ, Choi JM, Ko JC, Ko JY, Cho EJ. Malvidin Protects WI-38 Human Fibroblast Cells Against Stress-induced Premature Senescence. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:32-40. [PMID: 27051647 PMCID: PMC4819664 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malvidin is one of the most abundant components in red wines and black rice. The effects of malvidin on aging and lifespan under oxidative stress have not been fully understood. This study focused on the anti-aging effect of malvidin on stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) in WI-38 human lung-derived diploid fibroblasts. Methods: In order to determine the viability of WI-38 cells, MTT assay was conducted, and malondialdehyde level was determined using thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assay. Protein expression of inflammation-related factors was also evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Acute and chronic oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment led to SIPS in WI-38 cells, which showed decreased cell viability, increased lipid peroxidation, and a shortened lifespan in comparison with non-H2O2-treated WI-38 cells. However, malvidin treatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing cell viability. Furthermore, the lifespan of WI-38 cells was prolonged by malvidin treatment. In addition, malvidin downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins, including NF-κB, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, protein expression levels of p53, p21, and Bax were also regulated by malvidin treatment in WI-38 cells undergoing SIPS. Conclusions: Malvidin may potentially inhibit the aging process by controlling oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Ko
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Ko
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
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Son MJ, Son MY, Seol B, Kim MJ, Yoo CH, Han MK, Cho YS. Nicotinamide overcomes pluripotency deficits and reprogramming barriers. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1121-35. [PMID: 23526681 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between intracellular signaling pathways has been extensively studied to understand the pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, the contribution of NAD(+) -dependent pathways remains largely unknown. Here, we show that NAD(+) depletion by FK866 (a potent inhibitor of NAD(+) biosynthesis) was fatal in hPSCs, particularly when deriving pluripotent cells from somatic cells and maintaining pluripotency. NAD and its precursors (nicotinamide [NAM] and nicotinic acid) fully replenished the NAD(+) depletion by FK866 in hPSCs. However, only NAM effectively enhanced the reprogramming efficiency and kinetics of hiPSC generation and was also significantly advantageous for the maintenance of undifferentiated hPSCs. Our molecular and functional studies reveal that NAM lowers the barriers to reprogramming by accelerating cell proliferation and protecting cells from apoptosis and senescence by alleviating oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. We provide evidence that the positive effects of NAM (occurring at concentrations well above the physiological range) on pluripotency control are molecularly associated with the repression of p53, p21, and p16. Our findings establish that adequate intracellular NAD(+) content is crucial for pluripotency; the distinct effects of NAM on pluripotency may be dependent not only on its metabolic advantage as a NAD(+) precursor but also on the ability of NAM to enhance resistance to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jin Son
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yang NC, Song TY, Chen MY, Hu ML. Effects of 2-deoxyglucose and dehydroepiandrosterone on intracellular NAD(+) level, SIRT1 activity and replicative lifespan of human Hs68 cells. Biogerontology 2011; 12:527-36. [PMID: 21604001 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have been hypothesized to extend lifespan via mimicking calorie restriction (CR). Activation of sirtuins has been proposed to contribute to life extension of CR by increasing intercellular levels of NAD(+) in several organisms. However, it is unclear whether 2-DG and DHEA may affect intracellular NAD(+) levels and human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activities. Here, using human fibroblast Hs68 cells we showed that 2-DG increased intracellular NAD(+) levels in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. 2-DG also dose-dependently increased SIRT1 activities and the lifespan (measured as the cumulated growth curve of population doubling levels) of Hs68 cells. In contrast, DHEA at non-cytotoxic concentrations (≤50 μM) did not significantly affect NAD(+) levels, SIRT1 activities or the lifespan of Hs68 cells. These results suggest that 2-DG extends the lifespan of Hs68 cells by increased NAD(+) levels and SIRT1 activities, and that 2-DG has a potential as a CR mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Cherng Yang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Choi MJ, Kim BK, Park KY, Yokozawa T, Song YO, Cho EJ. Anti-aging effects of cyanidin under a stress-induced premature senescence cellular system. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:421-6. [PMID: 20190403 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-aging effects of cyanidin were investigated under stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) using WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts. WI-38 cells that were treated with 300 microM H(2)O(2) showed losses of cell viability, increased lipid peroxidation, and shortened cell lifespans. However, treatment with cyanidin attenuated cellular oxidative stress through increase of cell viability and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In addition, the life spans of young-, middle-, and old-aged WI-38 cells were prolonged by cyanidin treatment. Furthermore, H(2)O(2)-treated WI-38 cells significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, while those treated with cyanidin had significantly decreased expressions. These results suggest that cyanidin may delay the aging process by attenuating oxidative stress under the SIPS cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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13
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Wallace K, Fairhall EA, Charlton KA, Wright MC. AR42J-B-13 cell: an expandable progenitor to generate an unlimited supply of functional hepatocytes. Toxicology 2010; 278:277-87. [PMID: 20685382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the preparation of choice for Toxicological research in vitro. However, despite the fact that hepatocytes proliferate in vivo during liver regeneration, they are resistant to proliferation in vitro, do not tolerate sub-culture and tend to enter a de-differentiation program that results in a loss of hepatic function. These limitations have resulted in the search for expandable rodent and human cells capable of being directed to differentiate into functional hepatocytes. Research with stem cells suggests that it may be possible to provide the research community with hepatocytes in vitro although to date, significant challenges remain, notably generating a sufficiently pure population of hepatocytes with a quantitative functionality comparable with hepatocytes. This paper reviews work with the AR42J-B-13 (B-13) cell line. The B-13 cell was cloned from the rodent AR42J pancreatic cell line, express genes associated with pancreatic acinar cells and readily proliferates in simple culture media. When exposed to glucocorticoid, 75-85% of the cells trans-differentiate into hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cells functioning at a level quantitatively similar to freshly isolated rat hepatocytes (with the remaining cells retaining the B-13 phenotype). Trans-differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells also appears to occur in vivo in rats treated with glucocorticoid; in mice with elevated circulating glucocorticoid and in humans treated for long periods with glucocorticoid. The B-13 response to glucocorticoid therefore appears to be related to a real pathophysiological response of a pancreatic cell to glucocorticoid. An understanding of how this process occurs and if it can be generated or engineered in human cells would result in a cell line with the ability to generate an unlimited supply of functional human hepatocytes in a cost effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wallace
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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14
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Kawada A, Konishi N, Oiso N, Kawara S, Date A. Evaluation of anti-wrinkle effects of a novel cosmetic containing niacinamide. J Dermatol 2008; 35:637-42. [PMID: 19017042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Niacinamide is known to have effectiveness on sallowness, wrinkling, red blotchiness and hyperpigmented spots in aging skin. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of a new cosmetic containing niacinamide. A randomized, placebo-controlled, split face study was performed in 30 healthy Japanese females who had wrinkles in the eye areas. The tested cosmetic containing 4% niacinamide was applied on wrinkles of one side for 8 weeks, and a control cosmetic without niacinamide on another site. Anti-wrinkle effects were evaluated with two methods: (i) doctors' observation and photographs based on the guideline of the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association; and (ii) average roughness of skin surface (Ra value) using skin replica. This cosmetic showed marked and moderate improvement in 64% of the subjects with a significant difference as compared with the control site (P < 0.001). Wrinkle grades in the tested area significantly reduced more than pre-application (P < 0.001) and the control (P < 0.001). Reduction in Ra value on the tested area was more than pre-application (P < 0.01) and the control site (P < 0.05) with significant differences. Only one subject stopped the study with minimal irritation. These results indicated that the tested lotion was well tolerated and may be an optional preparation for the treatment of wrinkles in the eye areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Meletis
- Beaverton Naturopathic Medicine, an integrative medicine clinic in Portland, Oregon
- National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland
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16
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Tsuchiya M, Dang N, Kerr EO, Hu D, Steffen KK, Oakes JA, Kennedy BK, Kaeberlein M. Sirtuin-independent effects of nicotinamide on lifespan extension from calorie restriction in yeast. Aging Cell 2006; 5:505-14. [PMID: 17129213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two models have been proposed for how calorie restriction (CR) enhances replicative longevity in yeast: (i) suppression of rDNA recombination through activation of the sirtuin protein deacetylase Sir2 or (ii) decreased activity of the nutrient-responsive kinases Sch9 and TOR. We report here that CR increases lifespan independently of all Sir2-family proteins in yeast. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nicotinamide, an inhibitor of Sir2-mediated deacetylation, interferes with lifespan extension from CR, but does so independent of Sir2, Hst1, Hst2, and Hst4. We also find that 5 mm nicotinamide, a concentration sufficient to inhibit other sirtuins, does not phenocopy deletion of HST3. Thus, we propose that lifespan extension by CR is independent of sirtuins and that nicotinamide has sirtuin-independent effects on lifespan extension by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
We found that an ongoing application of nicotinamide to normal human fibroblasts not only attenuated expression of the aging phenotype but also increased their replicative lifespan, causing a greater than 1.6-fold increase in the number of population doublings. Although nicotinamide by itself does not act as an antioxidant, the cells cultured in the presence of nicotinamide exhibited reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage products associated with cellular senescence, and a decelerated telomere shortening rate without a detectable increase in telomerase activity. Furthermore, in the treated cells growing beyond the original Hayflick limit, the levels of p53, p21WAF1, and phospho-Rb proteins were similar to those in actively proliferating cells. The nicotinamide treatment caused a decrease in ATP levels, which was stably maintained until the delayed senescence point. Nicotinamide-treated cells also maintained high mitochondrial membrane potential but a lower respiration rate and superoxide anion level. Taken together, in contrast to its demonstrated pro-aging effect in yeast, nicotinamide extends the lifespan of human fibroblasts, possibly through reduction in mitochondrial activity and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Jeonnongdong, Seoul, Korea
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Lim CS, Potts M, Helm RF. Nicotinamide extends the replicative life span of primary human cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2006; 127:511-4. [PMID: 16545428 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Su Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Hasenmaile S, Pawelec G. The concept of telomeric non-reciprocal recombination (TENOR) applied to human fibroblasts grown in serial cultures: concordance with genealogical data. Rejuvenation Res 2005; 8:154-71. [PMID: 16144470 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2005.8.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the limited life span of human fibroblasts some 50 years ago, many genealogical studies have been undertaken to describe growth kinetics of fibroblasts in serial cultures by their individual division behavior. It is now accepted that proliferation capacities of human fibroblasts strongly depend on their telomere lengths and integrity. Telomeres shorten with each replication round, and there is a direct correlation between cell division capacity and telomere lengths; that is, the consumption of disposable telomeric DNA repeats during cell divisions progresses until critically short telomeres determining the replicative senescence of the cells are present. Recently, we have suggested that telomeres in fibroblasts can also become elongated during DNA replication by telomeric non-reciprocal recombination (TENOR). Here we discuss genealogical data collected over the last decades as well as more recent findings on the telomere-driven replicative senescence process, and we summarize both to give an integrated picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hasenmaile
- Tubingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Center for Medical Research, University of Tubingen Medical School, Tubingen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Meng A, Zhou D. Inhibition of phosphatidylinostol 3-kinase uncouples H2O2-induced senescent phenotype and cell cycle arrest in normal human diploid fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2004; 298:188-96. [PMID: 15242773 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of WI38 human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced premature senescence. The senescent HDFs were permanently arrested and exhibited a senescent phenotype including enlarged and flattened cell morphology and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity. The induction of HDF senescence was associated with an activation of p53, increased expression of p21Cip1/WAF1, and hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), while no changes in the expression of p16Ink4a, p27Kip1, and p14Arf were observed. Exposure of WI38 cells to H2O2 also selectively activated phosphatidylinostol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK), while no changes in p38 MAPK and Jun kinase (JNK) activities were observed. Selective inhibition of PI3 kinase activity with LY294002 abrogated H2O2-induced cell enlargement and flattened morphology and significantly attenuated the increase in SA-beta-gal activity, but did not affect H2O2-induced cell cycle arrest. In contrast, selective inhibition of MEK and p38 MAPK with PD98059 and SB203580, respectively, produced no significant effect on H2O2-induced senescent phenotype and cell cycle arrest. These findings demonstrate that expression of the senescent phenotype can be uncoupled from cell cycle arrest in prematurely senescent cells induced by H2O2 and does not contribute to the maintenance of permanent cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Golubev A, Khrustalev S, Butov A. An in silico investigation into the causes of telomere length heterogeneity and its implications for the Hayflick limit. J Theor Biol 2004; 225:153-70. [PMID: 14575650 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In telomerase-negative cell populations the mean telomere length (TL) decreases with increasing population doubling number (PD). A critically small TL is believed to stop cell proliferation at a cell-, age- and species-specific PD thus defining the Hayflick limit. However, positively skewed TL distributions are broad compared to differences between initial and final mean TL and strongly overlap at middle and late PD, which is inconsistent with a limiting role of TL. We used computer-assisted modelling to define what set of premises may account for the above. Our model incorporates the following concepts. DNA end replication problem: telomeres loose 1 shortening unit (SU) upon each cell division. Free radical-caused TL decrease: telomeres experience random events resulting in the loss of a random SU number within a remaining TL. Stochasticity of gene expression and cell differentiation: cells experience random events inducing mitoses or committing cells to proliferation arrest, the latter option requiring a specified number of mitoses to be passed. Cells whose TL reaches 1SU cannot divide. The proliferation kinetics of such virtual cells conforms to the transition probability model of cell cycle. When no committing events occur and at realistic SU estimates of the initial TL, maximal PD values far exceed the Hayflick limit observed in normal cells and are consistent with the crisis stage entered by transformed cells that have surpassed the Hayflick limit. At intermediate PD, symmetrical TL distributions are yielded. Upon introduction of committing events making the ratio of the rates of proliferating and committing events (P/C) range from 1.10 to 1.25, TL distributions at intermediate PD become positively skewed, and virtual cell clones show bimodal size distributions. At P/C as high as 1.25 the majority of virtual cells at maximal PD contain telomeres with TL>1SU. A 10% increase in P/C within the 1.10-1.25 range produces a two-fold increase in the maximal PD, which can reach values of up to 25 observed in rodent and some human cells. Increasing the number of committed mitoses from 0 to 10 can increases PD to about 50 observed in human fibroblasts. Introduction of the random TL breakage makes the shapes of TL distributions quite dissimilar from those observed in real cells. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length decrease is a correlate of cell proliferation that cannot alone account for the Hayflick limit, which primarily depends on parameters of cell population kinetics. Free radical damage influences the Hayflick limit not through TL but rather by affecting the ratio of the rates of events that commit cells to mitoses or to proliferation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golubev
- Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Yang NC, Hu ML. A fluorimetric method using fluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside for quantifying the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in human foreskin fibroblast Hs68 cells. Anal Biochem 2004; 325:337-43. [PMID: 14751269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-betaG) assay is one of the few accepted markers of cell aging. However, the cytochemical method using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) as substrate is limited in sensitivity and is only semiquantitative. Here, we modified the X-Gal method by replacing X-Gal with fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) as substrate for SA-betaG, and the activity was measured fluorimetrically. We showed in Hs68 cells that the FDG fluorescein fluorescence increased with increasing passages of the cells in parallel with the X-Gal method. A major advantage of the FDG method is that it is a quantitative method for the SA-betaG activity. For example, we showed that the FDG fluorescein in p30(+1) of Hs68 cells was generally stronger than that in p26(+1) cells, whereas the X-Gal method gave similar results (95 and 100%) for p26(+1) and p30(+1) cells. The FDG method was precise with a relative standard deviation lower than 10%. We further demonstrated that FDG and X-Gal could be added simultaneously for SA-betaG assay because the FDG fluorescein diffused readily through formaldehyde-fixed cell membrane and could be detected in the suspension buffer. Thus, a double-substrate method, i.e., X-Gal for rapid qualitative assay and FDG for quantitative assay, can be conducted simultaneously to provide a simple and reliable assay of SA-betaG activity as a marker of cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Food Science, National Chung-Hsing University, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
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Szabó C. Nicotinamide: a jack of all trades (but master of none?). Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:863-866. [PMID: 12712240 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite#419E, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA.
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Matuoka K, Chen KY, Takenawa T. A positive role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in aging phenotype expression in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2003; 36:203-19. [PMID: 12849077 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(02)00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to detect the role that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays in the aging of human diploid fibroblasts, we analyzed cellular inositol phospholipids and expression of PI3Ks. In aged cells a decrease in phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI3,4P(2)) was notable, while phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P(2)) decreased slightly. On the other hand, the messages of PI3K IIalpha, Vps34, and p110delta decreased and that of PI3K IIbeta increased during aging. These changes might relate to the aging phenomena, with the PI3K subspecies functioning differentially. Consistently, a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 greatly suppressed enlargement and flattening of cell body and nucleus as well as cell proliferation, both phenotypes being typical of aged cells. An oxidative stress, pulse exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced these senescent cell-like phenotypes, which LY294002 was also able to abolish. Upon examining three different cell systems (HL-60, N1E-115, and PC-12 cells) we found clear parallelism in a cellular event between the dependence on a PI3K activity and the sensitivity to H(2)O(2). On the analogy of these relationships, we could hypothesize that expression of an aging phenotype such as the morphogenesis is positively promoted by some PI3K subspecies, if such a phenotype as cell cycling is negatively affected by attenuation of another PI3K function in the course of cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koozi Matuoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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