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Jokar N, Velez E, Shooli H, Dadgar H, Sadathosseini SA, Assadi M, Gholamrezanezhad A. Advanced modalities of molecular imaging in precision medicine for musculoskeletal malignancies. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18:345-350. [PMID: 31933549 PMCID: PMC6945365 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_119_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal malignancies consist of a heterogenous group of mesenchymal tumors, often with high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. The early and accurate diagnosis of these malignancies can have a substantial impact on optimal treatment and quality of life for these patients. Several new applications and techniques have emerged in molecular imaging, including advances in multimodality imaging, the development of novel radiotracers, and advances in image analysis with radiomics and artificial intelligence. This review highlights the recent advances in molecular imaging modalities and the role of non-invasive imaging in evaluating tumor biology in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jokar
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Erik Velez
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hossein Shooli
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, RAZAVI Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Sadathosseini
- Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Assadi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang J, Wu P, Chen PC, Lee C, Chen W, Hung S. Generation of Osteosarcomas from a Combination of Rb Silencing and c-Myc Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:512-526. [PMID: 28191765 PMCID: PMC5442803 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) was a malignant tumor occurring with unknown etiology that made prevention and early diagnosis difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were found in bone marrow, were claimed to be a possible origin of OS but with little direct evidence. We aimed to characterize OS cells transformed from human MSCs (hMSCs) and identify their association with human primary OS cells and patient survival. Genetic modification with p53 or retinoblastoma (Rb) knockdown and c-Myc or Ras overexpression was applied for hMSC transformation. Transformed cells were assayed for proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenecity, and gene expression profile. Only the combination of Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression successfully transformed hMSCs derived from four individual donors, with increasing cell proliferation, decreasing cell senescence rate, and increasing ability to form colonies and spheres in serum-free medium. These transformed cells lost the expression of certain surface markers, increased in osteogenic potential, and decreased in adipogenic potential. After injection in immunodeficient mice, these cells formed OS-like tumors, as evidenced by radiographic analyses and immunohistochemistry of various OS markers. Microarray with cluster analysis revealed that these transformed cells have gene profiles more similar to patient-derived primary OS cells than their normal MSC counterparts. Most importantly, comparison of OS patient tumor samples revealed that a combination of Rb loss and c-Myc overexpression correlated with a decrease in patient survival. This study successfully transformed human MSCs to OS-like cells by Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression that may be a useful platform for further investigation of preventive and target therapy for human OS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:512-526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jir‐You Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po‐Kuei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Paul Chih‐Hsueh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia‐Wen Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih‐Chieh Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Li G, Yang Y, Xu S, Ma L, He M, Zhang Z. Slug signaling is up-regulated by CCL21/CCR7 [corrected] to induce EMT in human chondrosarcoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:478. [PMID: 25556164 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) [corrected] and its ligand CCL21 have been extensively reported to be associated with tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, Slug signaling induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in chondrosarcoma development. In the present study, we explored the functions of CCL21/CCR7 [corrected] in Slug-mediated EMT in the chondrosarcoma. We analyzed protein expression of CCR7 [corrected] and Slug in human chondrosarcoma samples. Effects of CCR7 [corrected] on chondrosarcoma cells were assessed by in vitro assays. Additionally, CCR7 [corrected] pathways were further investigated by pharmacological and genetic approaches. We found that the altered CCR7 [corrected] (81.7 %) and Slug (85.0 %) expression in human chondrosarcoma tissues were significantly associated with grade, recurrence, and 5-year overall survival. According to in vitro assays, CCL21 stimulation induced the expression of phosph-ERK, phosph-AKT, Slug and N-cadherin in SW1353 cells, while the expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated. Furthermore, Slug signaling modulated E- to N-cadherin switch, which was influenced by the kinase inhibitor PD98059 and LY294002. In addition, the genetic silencing of Slug inhibited the capacity of migration and invasion of SW1353 cells. In conclusion, CCL21/CCR7 [corrected] pathway activates ERK and PI3K/AKT signallings to up-regulate Slug pathway, leading to the occurrence of EMT process in human chondrosarcoma. This study lays a new foundation for molecule-targeted therapy of human chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Longgang Orthopedics Hospital of Shenzhen, 243# Yangmeigang, Longgang Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, China
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rAAV Vectors as Safe and Efficient Tools for the Stable Delivery of Genes to Primary Human Chondrosarcoma Cells In Vitro and In Situ. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:347417. [PMID: 22645415 PMCID: PMC3356986 DOI: 10.1155/2012/347417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chondrosarcoma remains a major challenge in orthopaedic oncology. Gene transfer strategies based on recombinant adenoassociated viral (rAAV) vectors may provide powerful tools to develop new, efficient therapeutic options against these tumors. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that rAAV is adapted for a stable and safe delivery of foreign sequences in human chondrosarcoma tissue by transducing primary human chondrosarcoma cells in vitro and in situ with different reporter genes (E. coli lacZ, firefly luc, Discosoma sp. RFP). The effects of rAAV administration upon cell survival and metabolic activities were also evaluated to monitor possibly detrimental effects of the gene transfer method. Remarkably, we provide evidence that efficient and prolonged expression of transgene sequences via rAAV can be safely achieved in all the systems investigated, demonstrating the potential of the approach of direct application of therapeutic gene vectors as a means to treat chondrosarcoma.
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Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors that have a relatively poor prognosis. Although conventional therapeutic regimens can effectively cytoreduce the overall tumor mass, they fail to consistently achieve a curative outcome. Alternative gene-based approaches that counteract the underlying neoplastic process by eliminating the clonal aberrations that potentiate malignant behavior have been proposed. As compared to the accumulation of gene alterations associated with epithelial carcinomas, sarcomas are frequently characterized by the unique presence of a single chromosomal translocation in each histological subtype. Similar to the Philadelphia chromosome associated with CML, these clonal abnormalities result in the fusion of two independent unrelated genes to generate a unique chimeric protein that displays aberrant activity believed to initiate cellular transformation. Secondary gene mutations may provide an additional growth advantage that further contributes to malignant progression. The recent clinical success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI571, suggests that therapeutic approaches specifically directed against essential survival factors in sarcoma cells may be effective. This review summarizes published approaches targeting a specific molecular mechanism associated with sarcomagenesis. The strategy and significance of published translational studies in six distinct areas are presented. These include: (1) the disruption of chimeric transcription factor activity; (2) inhibition of growth stimulatory post-translational modifications; (3) restoration of tumor suppressor function; (4) interference with angiogenesis; (5) induction of apoptotic pathways; and (6) introduction of toxic gene products. The potential for improving outcomes in sarcoma patients and the conceptual obstacles to be overcome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Olsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 69198-6495 USA
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